批判性思维指南:提出问题的艺术

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《提问的艺术:批判性思维指南》(Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking, Eighth Edition)是一本由M.Neil Browne和Stuart M. Keeley共同编写的经典著作,他们在Bowling Green State University的研究基础上,结合最新的批判性思维研究成果,为读者提供了一套系统且实用的方法论。这本书旨在教导读者如何通过理性、逻辑性和批判性的方式提出问题、分析信息、形成观点并解决日常和学术生活中的挑战。 在第八版中,作者们强调了批判性思维的重要性,它不仅限于学术研究,而是涵盖了生活的各个方面,如科学研究、决策制定、沟通交流等。他们通过丰富的案例研究和实例,使抽象的概念具体化,帮助读者理解批判性思维不仅仅是质疑,更是自我反省、分析证据和评估论证的过程。 书中探讨的主题包括但不限于批判性思维的基本原则,如辨别事实与观点、识别偏见、评估论据的质量以及发展有效的论证技巧。读者可以学习到如何通过提问来激发深层思考,如何区分表面现象与潜在问题,以及如何在复杂的信息环境中筛选出关键信息。 《提问的艺术》被广泛认为是指导批判性思维的权威教材,它的成功在于其理论体系的严密性与实践应用的实用性相结合。无论是在课堂教育还是自我提升中,这本书都为读者提供了一个强大的工具,帮助他们提高分析能力,做出明智的判断,并在面对日常生活和职业挑战时更具洞察力。 该书的出版信息也显示了编辑团队的专业支持,包括Leah Jewell作为编辑总监,Brad Potthoff负责高级学术编辑,以及市场营销团队如Windley Morley和Kara Pottle的协作,确保了图书的质量和市场推广。此外,生产流程的各个环节都有专业人员负责,如封面设计、视觉研究和版权管理,保证了最终产品的高质量呈现。 《提问的艺术:批判性思维指南》第八版是一本具有深远影响力的书籍,它以简洁易懂的方式传授了批判性思维的关键要素,是任何寻求提升思维能力、学会有效解决问题的人都值得参考的宝典。无论是学生、教师、专业人士还是自我学习者,都能从中受益匪浅。
2023-05-26 上传

Robert is a famous engineer. One day he was given a task by his boss. The background of the task was the following: Given a map consisting of square blocks. There were three kinds of blocks: Wall, Grass, and Empty. His boss wanted to place as many robots as possible in the map. Each robot held a laser weapon which could shoot to four directions (north, east, south, west) simultaneously. A robot had to stay at the block where it was initially placed all the time and to keep firing all the time. The laser beams certainly could pass the grid of Grass, but could not pass the grid of Wall. A robot could only be placed in an Empty block. Surely the boss would not want to see one robot hurting another. In other words, two robots must not be placed in one line (horizontally or vertically) unless there is a Wall between them. Now that you are such a smart programmer and one of Robert's best friends, He is asking you to help him solving this problem. That is, given the description of a map, compute the maximum number of robots that can be placed in the map. Input The first line contains an integer T (<= 11) which is the number of test cases. For each test case, the first line contains two integers m and n (1<= m, n <=50) which are the row and column sizes of the map. Then m lines follow, each contains n characters of '#', '', or 'o' which represent Wall, Grass, and Empty, respectively. Output For each test case, first output the case number in one line, in the format: "Case :id" where id is the test case number, counting from 1. In the second line just output the maximum number of robots that can be placed in that map.

2023-06-06 上传