精通WPF图形编程：实战指南

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"Practical WPF Graphics Programming - 高级.NET图形开发与Windows Presentation Foundation的实战指南，由Jack Xu博士撰写，旨在帮助所有技能水平的WPF和C#程序员掌握专业图形应用开发。" 本书深入探讨了Windows Presentation Foundation（WPF）在.NET框架下构建图形应用程序的实践知识，是C#开发者提升图形编程能力的重要资源。WPF是微软推出的一种用于构建桌面应用程序的UI框架，它提供了丰富的图形渲染、布局管理以及多媒体支持。在"Practical WPF Graphics Programming"中，读者将学习到如何利用WPF的强大功能来创建复杂的2D和3D图形，包括： 1. **图形绘制与渲染**：WPF的System.Windows.Media.Drawing命名空间提供了各种绘图对象，如DrawingContext，用于绘制线条、形状、图像和文本。读者将了解如何利用这些对象进行精确的像素级操作。 2. **矢量图形与路径几何**：WPF支持SVG级别的矢量图形，通过PathGeometry对象可以创建复杂的曲线和形状。书中会介绍如何使用PathGeometry和PathData属性来定义和绘制自定义图形。 3. **2D变换与动画**：WPF的Transform类允许对元素进行平移、旋转、缩放等变换，而Storyboard和Timeline类则可用于创建动态效果。读者将学习如何创建和应用这些变换，以及如何实现流畅的动画效果。 4. **3D图形与深度缓冲**：WPF的3D支持提供了Scene3D和Viewport3D元素，使得开发者可以在2D界面上嵌入立体图形。书中会讲解如何使用Model3DGroup和Material来构建3D模型，并利用视口和相机控制视角。 5. **图层与视觉树**：WPF的VisualTree表示UI元素的层次结构，理解这一概念对于高效布局和事件处理至关重要。书中的内容将涵盖如何操作VisualTree以实现自定义布局和效果。 6. **数据绑定与模板化**：WPF的数据绑定机制简化了UI和业务逻辑之间的交互。读者将学习如何使用DataTemplate和ControlTemplate来根据数据动态生成UI，并实现MVVM设计模式。 7. **资源与样式**：通过使用ResourceDictionary和Style，开发者可以创建可重用的UI资源和样式，提高代码的可维护性和一致性。书中将介绍如何有效地管理和应用资源。 8. **交互与输入处理**：WPF提供了丰富的事件模型，包括鼠标、键盘和触摸输入。读者将学习如何捕获和响应这些事件，以及如何实现自定义行为。 9. **打印与导出**：WPF提供了PrintDocument和FixedDocument类，使开发者能够轻松实现应用程序的打印功能，甚至创建PDF或XPS文档。 10. **集成其他技术**：WPF与Silverlight、DirectX和其他.NET框架库的集成，使开发者能够利用更多工具和技术扩展其图形应用程序。通过本书的学习，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能深入理解WPF图形编程的各个方面，并具备开发专业、高质量图形应用程序的能力。书中包含的实例代码和练习将进一步巩固所学知识，为读者在.NET图形开发领域开辟新的可能性。

Contents | xvii

Creating Surfaces of Revelution............................ 604

Surface Shading ...............................................................606

SurfaceShading Class............................................ 606

Creating Shaded Surfaces...................................... 610

Chapter 14 3D Model Manipulation ........................615

Lighting and Shading.......................................................615

Light Sources......................................................... 616

Testing Light Sources............................................ 617

Shading.................................................................. 620

Materials ..........................................................................621

Diffuse Materials................................................... 622

Specular and Emissive Materials .......................... 624

Texture Mapping..............................................................627

Using LinearGradientBrush......................... 627

Using RadialGradientBrush......................... 630

Using Image and Tile Brushes..................... 633

2D Elements on 3D Surfaces...........................................634

Viewport2DVisual3D Class ........................ 635

Using Viewport2DVisual3D ....................... 635

Interacting with 3D Models .............................................641

Hit-Testing for 3D Geometries.................... 642

Hit-Testing for 3D Shapes........................... 645

Rotating 3D Objects with Mouse ................ 649

Index ............................................................................653

xx | Introduction

integration between such services within an application. Similar constructs can

be used for creating animation, data binding, and 3D models.

To take further advantage of new powerful graphics hardware technologies,

WPF implements a vector-based graphics model. This allows for graphics to be

scaled based on screen-specific resolution without the loss of image quality,

something nearly impossible with fixed-size raster graphics. In addition, WPF

leverages Direct3D for vector-based rendering and makes use of the graphics

processing unit on any video card that implements DirectX in hardware.

With WPF, graphics elements can be easily integrated into any part of your user

interface. For example, WPF provides 2D shape elements that can be involved

in the user interface (UI) tree like other elements can. You are free to mix these

shapes with any other kind of element, such as a button. The WPF 3D model is

based on the Direct3D technology and allows you to create a custom 3D shape

library that can be reused in your projects. The main benefits that WPF offers in

3D are its ease of use and its ability to integrate 3D content anywhere in a WPF

application.

As you may have already noticed, there are many WPF programming books

available in bookstores. The vast majority of these books are general-purpose

user guides and tutorials, which explain the basics of WPF and how to use it to

implement simple WPF applications. To take full advantage of WPF graphics

features, however, there is a need for a book to provide an in-depth introduction

specifically to WPF graphics programming.

This book is written with the intention of providing you with a complete and

comprehensive explanation of the WPF graphics capability, and pays special

attention to the code implementation details, which will be useful when you

create your own real-world WPF graphics Applications. This book includes over

120 code examples, which cover broad array of topics on WPF graphics

programming. Much of this book contains original work based on my own

programming experience when I was developing commercial Computer Aided

Design (CAD) packages. Without WPF and the .NET framework, developming

advanced graphics is a difficult and time-consuming task. To add even simple

charts or graphs to your applications, you often have to waste effort creating a

chart program, or buy commercial graphics and chart add-on packages.

Practical WPF Graphics Programming provides everything you need to create

advanced graphics in your WPF applications. It shows you how to create a

variety of graphics, ranging from simple 2D shapes to complex 3D surfaces and

interactive 3D models. I’ll try my best to introduce you to WPF graphics

programming in a simple way – simple enough to be easily followed by a

beginner who has never had experience developing WPF graphics applications

before. You can learn from this book how to create a full range of 2D and 3D

graphics applications and how to implement custom 3D geometries and shapes

that can be reused in your WPF projects.

Introduction | xxi

What This Book Includes

This book and its sample code listings, which are available for download at my

website at www.authors.unicadpublish.com/~jack_xu, provide you with:

• A complete, in-depth instruction on practical WPF graphics programming.

After reading this book and running the example programs, you will be able

to add various sophisticated graphics to your WPF applications.

• Over 120 ready-to-run example programs that allow you to explore the

graphics techniques described in the book. These examples can be used to

better understand how graphics algorithms work. You can modify the code

examples or add new features to them to form the basis of your own

projects. Some of the example code listings provided in this book are

already sophisticated graphics packages that can be used directly in your

own real-world WPF applications.

• Many classes in the sample code listings that you will find useful in your

WPF graphics programming. These classes contain matrix manipulation,

coordinate transformation, color maps, chart controls, and the other useful

utility classes. You can extract these classes and plug them into your own

applications.

Is This Book for You?

You don’t have to be an experienced WPF developer or an expert to use this

book. I designed this book to be useful to people of all levels of WPF

programming experience. In fact, I believe that if you have some experience

with the programming language C#, Windows Forms, HTML, and the .NET

framework, you will be able to sit down in front of your computer, start up

Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 and .NET 3.5, follow the examples provided in

this book, and quickly become familiar with WPF graphics programming. For

those of you who are already experienced WPF developers, I believe this book

has much to offer as well. There is a great deal of information in this book about

graphics programming not available in other WPF tutorial and reference books.

In addition, most of the example programs in this book can be used directly in

your own real-world application development. This book will provide you with

a level of detail, explanation, instruction, and sample program code that will

enable you to do just about anything WPF graphics-related.

The majority of the example programs in this book can be used routinely by

WPF developers and technical professionals. Throughout the book, I’ll

emphasize the usefulness of WPF graphics programming to real-world

applications. If you follow the instructions presented in this book closely, you’ll

be able to easily develop various practical WPF graphics applications, from 2D

graphics and charts to a sophisticated 3D model libraries. At the same time, I’ll

not spend too much time discussing programming style, execution speed, and

code optimization, because there is a plethora of books out there that already

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