掌握模块化Java编程：Spring框架应用指南

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"Learning Modular Java Programming.pdf" 本书"Learning Modular Java Programming"由Tejaswini Mandar Jog撰写，旨在深入探讨模块化编程在构建Java和Spring应用中的强大功能。出版商为Packt Publishing，出版时间为2016年。书中详细阐述了关于Java编程的重要概念，特别是如何利用模块化提升应用程序的构建效率和可维护性。模块化编程是现代软件开发中的一个重要概念，它允许将大型复杂系统分解为小型、独立且可重用的组件，每个组件（或模块）都有明确的责任和接口。Java 9引入了Jigsaw项目，正式支持模块系统，使得模块化编程在Java平台上成为可能。通过学习本书，读者可以了解如何在Java应用中设计和实现模块，以及如何利用模块化的好处，例如提高代码的组织性、隔离性和可测试性。在Spring框架中，模块化同样重要。Spring框架本身就是由多个模块组成的，包括核心容器、数据访问/集成、Web、AOP（面向切面编程）、工具和支持等。书中可能会介绍如何在Spring中使用依赖注入和面向切面编程来实现模块间的解耦，以及如何配置和管理Spring模块以优化应用程序架构。此外，读者还将学习到如何处理模块间的依赖关系，使用模块化来提高代码的可扩展性和可维护性。书中可能涵盖的话题还包括模块的导出和导入机制、模块路径的设置、模块间的API定义以及服务提供者接口（SPI）等。这些概念对于理解Java平台上的模块化编程至关重要。书中的例子和练习将帮助读者将理论知识应用于实际项目，从而掌握模块化设计的最佳实践。同时，书中可能还会涉及错误处理、调试模块化系统、性能优化以及与其他Java技术（如JPA、JDBC等）的集成等内容。尽管作者和出版商已经尽力确保书中信息的准确性，但读者应理解技术书籍可能存在错误或不准确之处，所以在实际应用时应结合其他资源进行验证。本书提供的商标信息可能不完全准确，读者在使用提及的公司和产品时，还需要自行调查其正确的商标使用规定。 "Learning Modular Java Programming"是一本适合希望提升Java开发技能，特别是对模块化有深入理解和实践需求的开发者的宝贵资源。通过这本书，读者将能够更好地理解和运用模块化编程，以构建更加高效、灵活和可维护的Java应用。

Preface

[ ix ]

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Introducing Modular Programming

[ 2 ]

Enterprise applications may vary from business to business, for example, school or

employee management systems, banking applications, online shopping applications,

or e-commerce applications. All such enterprise applications provide displaying,

processing, and storing data as their basic feature. Along with these features, the

application can also provide transaction management and security services as

advanced features. We access such applications typically through a network

system rather than on an individual machine.

Let's briey discuss the software development process before moving ahead:

• The software is always a solution or part of the solution to an enterprise

problem. A good start in the development process is knowing exactly

what the expectations are from the software, what types of solutions need

to be included, what the data input will be, and what the output from the

application is. This phase will be called the requirement collection phase.

• Once we get an idea about the requirements, now it's time to decide the

hardware specification, the system requirements, the architecture to use,

the design to follow, and so on. This phase is called designing.

• Using the design document, now developers will come in action to start

a very important phase called development, where the actual coding

takes place.

• Suppose we have developed a product; how do we prove that it is the right

solution for the requirements which we got in the first phase? Yes, with the

help of testing. We can carry out unit testing, integration testing, assembly

testing, and acceptance testing to ensure that the requirement has been met.

• After successful testing, now it's time for the user to use it. This is nothing

but the deployment phase, after which it is ready for use.

• Talking in terms of one phase after deployment, the work is over but what

if any runtime issue emerges? What if the client recommends some minor or

major changes? Or what if it has a bug? Because of this, post-deployment is

also a very important step, which we call maintenance.

Although these phases theoretically come one after another, there can be different

approaches called software development process models, such as the waterfall

model, iterative model, spiral model, v model, agile model, and so on.

Chapter 1

[ 3 ]

Modules

Application development is composed of many interconnected parts which interact

with each other. To withstand high market demand and increasing competition,

software should have a good look and feel, and ease of use. To develop a compatible

solution, the developer has to think about compound structure as well as user

perspective. It's quite difcult to develop such a product single-handed. It's

teamwork, where the development is running alongside. The team members

will build up separate small modules dedicated to part of the actual solution.

These small modules will be clubbed together and interact with each other to

form a complete solution.

What is behind and in a module?

Each module which has been developed will be performing a unique responsibility.

When a module is responsible for a single task, it will be called cohesive. The

cohesiveness will make the module more maintainable. Also, it will be less

frequently changed. A good design perspective is to try writing a module which

will be highly cohesive.

The two modules developed separately will now need to have interaction. To make

them interactive, we have to introduce them. This will be done by making them

dependent on each other. This dependency is termed coupling. When the code size

and number of modules are small, coupling won't be a problem. But in an enterprise

application, the code size is huge. Any little change makes a difference and then

all of its dependencies should be changed accordingly at a number of places.

This makes the code unmanageable. So it's always recommended to have loosely

coupled modules.

The practical aspect

Let's take the example of a desktop, the one which we use in our routine. A desktop

consists of a monitor, CPU, keyboard, and mouse. If a new monitor with some

advanced features is introduced in the market, what we will do? Will we buy

a new desktop or just replace the monitor?

As per the convenience and also the cost, it's feasible to just replace the monitor

and not the whole desktop; how come this is possible? It's possible because the

desktop is assembled with subunits, which are easily replaceable. Each subunit is

cohesive for the work and they are not tightly coupled. This happens when we use

modularization. When we write an application that uses similar concepts, it is called

modular programming.

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