5.44 TeV Xe-Xe碰撞中粒子的多源热模型分析：横动量与伪快速度特性

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本文研究的是"TeV的Xe-Xe碰撞中颗粒产生的横向动量和伪快速度依赖性"，这是一项在高能物理实验中具有重要意义的研究，特别是在探索核碰撞中的量子色动力学(QCD)现象。文章由张丽国、鲍春利和洪伟东等人合作完成，他们来自山西大学的物理与电子工程学院和极端光学协同创新中心。研究团队利用Tsallis统计理论与多源热模型相结合的方法，对在sqrt(s_NN) = 5.44 TeV的氙-氙(Xe-Xe)碰撞中产生的粒子特性进行了深入分析。Tsallis统计是一种非平衡统计方法，它在处理非平凡系统（如非理想气体或复杂动力学过程）时表现出独特的优势。多源热模型则考虑了碰撞过程中可能存在的多个粒子生成源，有助于更精确地模拟和理解实际碰撞过程中的能量分布和粒子生成。论文的核心内容聚焦于粒子的横向动量p_T，这是评估粒子在碰撞中扩散和能量转移的关键参数。作者探讨了不同中心性事件下的π、K和p粒子的p_T分布，这些粒子的动量分布反映了碰撞的局部热力学性质，以及它们在碰撞过程中的动力学行为。此外，研究还关注了粒子的伪快速度η谱，这是衡量粒子在碰撞后的空间方向分布的重要指标，对理解碰撞的几何形状和动态演化有重要作用。通过模型的改进和应用，研究者能够对不同碰撞中心性的带电粒子的η谱进行统一描述，并借此推测碰撞系统的纵向结构。这种方法不仅提供了对粒子产生的微观机制的深入理解，而且对于设计未来更高能的实验和优化碰撞条件具有指导意义。值得注意的是，这篇论文作为开放存取资源，遵循Creative Commons Attribution License，允许在保持原作者署名的前提下无限制使用、分发和复制。其发表得到了SCOAP3基金的支持，展示了国际合作和科学共享的精神。这项研究通过结合现代统计理论与实验数据，为我们揭示了Xe-Xe碰撞中粒子行为的复杂性和关联性，对于理解和预测高能粒子物理实验有着重要的理论价值和实践意义。

Research Article

Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Dependence of

Particle Production in Xe–Xe Collision at

√



𝑁𝑁

= 5.44

TeV

Zhang-Li Guo ,

1,2

Bao-Chun Li ,

1,2

and Hong-Wei Dong

1,2

College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,

Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Bao-Chun Li; libc2010@163.com

Received 9 June 2019; Revised 6 September 2019; Accepted 1 October 2019; Published 1 February 2020

Guest Editor: Sakina Fakhraddin

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. e

publication of this article was funded by SCOAP

rough the collision-system conﬁguration, the Tsallis statistics is combined with a multisource thermal model. e improved model

is used to investigate the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of particles produced in Xe–Xe collisions at

√



𝑁𝑁

= 5.44

TeV.

We discuss detailedly the thermodynamic properties, which are taken from the transverse momentum

𝑝

𝑇

distributions of

𝜋

𝐾

, and

𝑝

for diﬀerent centralities. e pseudorapidity

𝜂

spectra of charged particles for diﬀerent centralities are described consistently in

the model. And, the model result can estimate intuitively the longitudinal conﬁguration of the collision system.

1. Introduction

e important goal of the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

is to ﬁnd and study the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), which

is a new matter state of strongly interacting quarks and gluons

at high temperature and density [1–3]. From 2010 to 2019, the

Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has mainly carried out p-p,

p-Pb, and Pb–Pb collision experiments at various collision

energies, which can provide diﬀerent types of collision-system

conﬁgurations. In 2017, the LHC performed a diﬀerent kind

of hadron collision at high energy, i.e. the ﬁrst Xe

129

ion colli-

sions at

√



𝑁𝑁

= 5.44

TeV [4–7]. Since the nucleons of the Xe

129

nucleus is fewer than that of Pb

208

nucleus, the investigation

of Xe-ion collisions can roughly bridge or connect the gap

between

𝑝

and Pb ion collisions. As a good intermediate-size

system, the Xe–Xe colliding system brings a wonderful oppor

tunity to discuss the colliding-system size dependence of mul-

tiparticle production in high-energy nuclear collisions [8, 9].

e nucleus collisions at high energies oﬀer numerous exper-

imental data about charged particle production, such as pions,

kaons, and protons. e particle production in the collision

contains the interaction eﬀects between hard and so QCD

processes. e feature discussion of the particle distribution

can be used to infer the evolution and dynamics of diﬀerent

collision systems at diﬀerent center of mass energies.

With respect to the ﬁnal-state observables in these colli-

sions, the particle transverse momentum and pseudorapidity

multiplicity are two key measurements to understand the par-

ticle-production process and the matter evolution under the

extreme conditions. e transverse momentum spectra are

very important because they can provide essential information

about QGP created in the collisions. e charged-particle

pseudorapidity multiplicity is related to the early geometry of

the collision system and is of great interest to investigate the

properties of the collision-system evolution. Recently, the

ALICE Collaboration measured charged-particle transverse

momentum spectra and multiplicity density in Xe–Xe colli-

sions at

√



𝑁𝑁

= 5.44

TeV at the LHC [5, 6]. In this work, the

transverse momentum spectra are analyzed in an improved

multisource thermal model, where the Tsallis statistics [10–13]

is imported. Combined with the collision picture, we also dis-

cuss the charged-particle pseudorapidity density for diﬀerent

collision centralities. e investigation of the particle produc-

tion in diﬀerent collision systems can help us understand the

matter evolution in the diﬀerent collisions.

2. The Particle Spectra in the Improved

Multisource Thermal Model

In high-energy nucleon or nuclei collisions, the thermody-

namic information of the system evolution is very rich. ese

identiﬁed particles produced in the collisions may be regarded

as a multiparticle system. e identiﬁed particles emit from

Hindawi

Advances in High Energy Physics

Volume 2020, Article ID 9734320, 5 pages

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9734320

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