深入探索Python应用编程（第3版）

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"Core Python Applications Programming (3rd Edition) 是一本深入讲解Python应用编程的英文原版书籍，由Wesley J. Chun撰写。书中涵盖了从基础到高级的各种主题，旨在帮助已经熟悉Python的读者进一步提升技能。内容包括正则表达式、网络编程、互联网客户端编程、多线程、图形用户界面（GUI）编程、数据库编程、微软Office编程接口、Python扩展、Web客户端和服务器、CGI与WSGI Web编程、Django Web框架、谷歌App Engine云计算、Web服务、文本处理以及杂项内容。书籍获得了读者的高度评价，称赞其内容详尽、讲解深入且易于理解，是学习和实践Python的理想教材。" 在本书中，读者将能够： 1. **正则表达式**：学习如何使用Python的re模块来匹配、搜索、替换文本，掌握高级正则表达式技术，如捕获组、量词、分组和不匹配等。 2. **网络编程**：了解套接字(socket)编程，实现客户端和服务器之间的通信，包括TCP/IP和UDP协议的应用。 3. **互联网客户端编程**：学习HTTP、FTP等协议，利用Python进行网络数据的下载和上传。 4. **多线程编程**：探索Python的threading模块，理解线程同步机制，如锁、信号量和事件，以构建并发应用程序。 5. **GUI编程**：使用Python的Tkinter库或其他第三方库如wxPython或PyQt，创建交互式的图形用户界面。 6. **数据库编程**：掌握Python的DB-API，与各种关系型数据库（如SQLite、MySQL、PostgreSQL）进行交互。 7. **编程Microsoft Office**：了解如何使用Python的COM接口与Microsoft Office应用程序（如Word、Excel）进行集成，实现自动化办公任务。 8. **Python扩展**：学习编写C/C++扩展模块，增强Python的性能，或者封装已有的C/C++库。 9. **Web客户端和服务器**：构建基于HTTP的客户端和服务器，如使用urllib和http.server模块。 10. **CGI与WSGI Web编程**：理解CGI概念，以及如何使用WSGI接口构建Web应用程序。 11. **Django Web框架**：深入学习Django，包括模型、视图、模板系统，以及表单处理和URL路由。 12. **云计算：Google App Engine**：学习使用Google App Engine平台，开发和部署基于Python的云应用程序。 13. **Web服务**：了解RESTful API设计，使用XML和JSON交换数据，实现SOAP和RESTful服务。 14. **文本处理**：通过NLTK等库进行自然语言处理，实现文本分析、词性标注和情感分析等功能。 15. **杂项**：涵盖其他Python相关的实用技术和工具，如调试、性能优化和代码测试。这本书是进阶Python程序员的宝贵资源，通过深入的示例和练习，帮助读者全面掌握Python应用编程的各个方面。对于希望在Python领域深化知识和技能的开发者来说，是一本不可多得的参考书。

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PREFACE

Welcome to the Third Edition of Core Python

Applications Programming!

We are delighted that you have engaged us to help you learn Python as

quickly and as deeply as possible. The goal of the Core Python series of

books is not to just teach developers the Python language; we want you

you to develop enough of a personal knowledge base to be able to develop

software in any application area.

In our other Core Python offerings, Core Python Programming and Core

Python Language Fundamentals, we not only teach you the syntax of the

Python language, but we also strive to give you in-depth knowledge of

how Python works under the hood. We believe that armed with this

knowledge, you will write more effective Python applications, whether

you’re a beginner to the language or a journeyman (or journeywoman!).

Upon completion of either or any other introductory Python books, you

might be satisfied that you have learned Python and learned it well. By

completing many of the exercises, you’re probably even fairly confident in

your newfound Python coding skills. Still, you might be left wondering,

“Now what? What kinds of applications can I build with Python?” Per-

haps you learned Python for a work project that’s constrained to a very

narrow focus. “What else can I build with Python?”

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xvi Preface

About this Book

In Core Python Applications Programming, you will take all the Python

knowledge gained elsewhere and develop new skills, building up a toolset

with which you’ll be able to use Python for a variety of general applica-

tions. These advanced topics chapters are meant as intros or “quick dives”

into a variety of distinct subjects. If you’re moving toward the specific

areas of application development covered by any of these chapters, you’ll

likely discover that they contain more than enough information to get you

pointed in the right direction. Do not expect an in-depth treatment because

that will detract from the breadth-oriented treatment that this book is

designed to convey.

Like all other Core Python books, throughout this one, you will find

many examples that you can try right in front of your computer. To ham-

mer the concepts home, you will also find fun and challenging exercises at

the end of every chapter. These easy and intermediate exercises are meant

to test your learning and push your Python skills. There simply is no sub-

stitute for hands-on experience. We believe you should not only pick up

Python programming skills but also be able to master them in as short a

time period as possible.

Because the best way for you to extend your Python skills is through

practice, you will find these exercises to be one of the greatest strengths of

this book. They will test your knowledge of chapter topics and definitions

as well as motivate you to code as much as possible. There is no substitute

for improving your skills more effectively than by building applications.

You will find easy, intermediate, and difficult problems to solve. It is also

here that you might need to write one of those “large” applications that

many readers wanted to see in the book, but rather than scripting

them—which frankly doesn’t do you all that much good—you gain by

jumping right in and doing it yourself. Appendix A, “Answers to Selected

Exercises,” features answers to selected problems from each chapter. As

with the second edition, you’ll find useful reference tables collated in

Appendix B, “Reference Tables.”

I’d like to personally thank all readers for your feedback and encourage-

ment. You’re the reason why I go through the effort of writing these books.

I encourage you to keep sending your feedback and help us make a fourth

edition possible, and even better than its predecessors!

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xviii Preface

The Author and Python

I discovered Python over a decade ago at a company called Four11. At the

time, the company had one major product, the Four11.com White Page

directory service. Python was being used to design its next product: the

Rocketmail Web-based e-mail service that would eventually evolve into

what today is Yahoo! Mail.

It was fun learning Python and being on the original Yahoo! Mail engi-

neering team. I helped re-design the address book and spell checker. At

the time, Python also became part of a number of other Yahoo! sites,

including People Search, Yellow Pages, and Maps and Driving Directions,

just to name a few. In fact, I was the lead engineer for People Search.

Although Python was new to me then, it was fairly easy to pick

up—much simpler than other languages I had learned in the past. The

scarcity of textbooks at the time led me to use the Library Reference and

Quick Reference Guide as my primary learning tools; it was also a driving

motivation for the book you are reading right now.

Since my days at Yahoo!, I have been able to use Python in all sorts of

interesting ways at the jobs that followed. In each case, I was able to har-

ness the power of Python to solve the problems at hand, in a timely man-

ner. I have also developed several Python courses and have used this book

to teach those classes—truly eating my own dogfood.

Not only are the Core Python books great learning devices, but they’re

also among the best tools with which to teach Python. As an engineer, I

know what it takes to learn, understand, and apply a new technology. As a

professional instructor, I also know what is needed to deliver the most effective

sessions for clients. These books provide the experience necessary to be able

to give you real-world analogies and tips that you cannot get from some-

one who is “just a trainer” or “just a book author.”

What to Expect of the Writing Style:

Technical, Yet Easy Readi n g

Rather than being strictly a “beginners” book or a pure, hard-core com-

puter science reference book, my instructional experience has taught me

that an easy-to-read, yet technically oriented book serves the purpose the

best, which is to get you up to speed on Python as quickly as possible so

that you can apply it to your tasks posthaste. We will introduce concepts

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Preface xix

coupled with appropriate examples to expedite the learning process. At the

end of each chapter you will find numerous exercises to reinforce some of

the concepts and ideas acquired in your reading.

We are thrilled and humbled to be compared with Bruce Eckel’s writing

style (see the reviews to the first edition at the book’s Web site, http://

corepython.com). This is not a dry college textbook. Our goal is to have a

conversation with you, as if you were attending one of my well-received

Python training courses. As a lifelong student, I constantly put myself in

my student’s shoes and tell you what you need to hear in order to learn

the concepts as quickly and as thoroughly as possible. You will find read-

ing this book fast and easy, without losing sight of the technical details.

As an engineer, I know what I need to tell you in order to teach you a

concept in Python. As a teacher, I can take technical details and boil them

down into language that is easy to understand and grasp right away. You

are getting the best of both worlds with my writing and teaching styles,

but you will enjoy programming in Python even more.

Thus, you’ll notice that even though I’m the sole author, I use the “third-

person plural” writing structure; that is to say, I use verbiage such as “we”

and “us” and “our,” because in the grand scheme of this book, we’re all in

this together, working toward the goal of expanding the Python program-

ming universe.

About This Third Edition

At the time the first edition of this book was published, Python was enter-

ing its second era with the release of version 2.0. Since then, the language

has undergone significant improvements that have contributed to the

overall continued success, acceptance, and growth in the use of the lan-

guage. Deficiencies have been removed and new features added that bring

a new level of power and sophistication to Python developers worldwide.

The second edition of the book came out in 2006, at the height of Python’s

ascendance, during the time of its most popular release to date, 2.5.

The second edition was released to rave reviews and ended up outsell-

ing the first edition. Python itself had won numerous accolades since that

time as well, including the following:

• Tiobe (www.tiobe.com)

– Language of the Year (2007, 2010)

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