IEEE 802.11ac: 高速无线局域网规范

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"IEEE 802.11ac标准草案" 802.11ac是一种无线局域网（WLAN）的介质访问控制（MAC）和物理层（PHY）规格，是IEEE 802.11标准的一个重要修订版，主要关注在6GHz以下频段提供非常高的数据传输速率。802.11ac标准的制定旨在提升Wi-Fi网络的性能，以适应高清视频流、大数据传输和物联网设备日益增长的需求。该标准在802.11n的基础上进行了大幅升级，引入了多项技术创新，包括： 1. **多输入多输出（MIMO）技术增强**：802.11ac支持最多8条空间流，相比802.11n的4条空间流，显著提高了信道容量和数据传输速度。 2. **更宽的信道带宽**：802.11ac使用了80MHz和160MHz的信道宽度，相比于802.11n的40MHz，提供了更高的数据传输速率。 3. **高阶调制**：802.11ac采用了256-QAM（正交幅度调制），与802.11n的64-QAM相比，能在一个符号中传输更多的信息，进一步提升了传输速率。 4. **波束成形技术**：802.11ac利用波束成形技术来改善信号质量，增强无线连接的稳定性和距离，尤其在高带宽和多天线配置下效果明显。 5. **高效编码**：采用更好的前向纠错编码，使得在高噪声环境下，网络能够更有效地恢复丢失的数据包。这些改进使得802.11ac的理论最高速度可达1Gbps以上，实际应用中通常也能达到500Mbps至1Gbps的传输速率，大大超过了802.11n的最高理论速度450Mbps。然而，值得注意的是，由于802.11ac标准仍在草案阶段，内容可能会有所更改，因此在正式发布之前，不应将其用于任何符合性或合规性目的。此外，虽然802.11ac提供了更快的速度，但它可能需要新的硬件设备才能充分利用这些改进，旧的802.11n设备无法直接升级到802.11ac标准。 802.11ac是Wi-Fi技术的一次重大飞跃，它在提高网络速度、增强连接稳定性以及支持高带宽应用方面起到了关键作用。随着物联网和智能家居的发展，802.11ac已经成为现代家庭和企业网络的基础，为用户提供了快速、可靠的无线连接。

IEEE P802.11ac/D2.2, May 2012

This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

22.3.19.5 CCA sensitivity............................................................................................ 252

22.3.19.6 RSSI ............................................................................................................. 254

22.3.20PLCP transmit procedure............................................................................................. 254

22.3.21PLCP receive procedure .............................................................................................. 258

22.4 VHT PLME.............................................................................................................................. 263

22.4.1 PLME_SAP sublayer management primitives ............................................................ 263

22.4.2 PHY MIB..................................................................................................................... 263

22.4.3 TXTIME and PSDU_LENGTH calculation................................................................ 266

22.4.4 PHY characteristics...................................................................................................... 268

22.5 Parameters for VHT MCSs...................................................................................................... 268

22.6 VHT PMD sublayer ................................................................................................................. 284

22.6.1 Scope and field of application ..................................................................................... 284

22.6.2 Overview of service ..................................................................................................... 285

22.6.3 Overview of interactions.............................................................................................. 285

22.6.4 Basic service and options............................................................................................. 285

22.6.4.1 Status of service primitives.......................................................................... 285

22.6.4.2 PMD_SAP peer-to-peer service primitives ................................................. 285

22.6.4.3 PMD_SAP sublayer-to-sublayer service primitives .................................... 286

22.6.4.4 PMD_SAP service primitive parameters..................................................... 286

22.6.5 PMD_SAP detailed service specification.................................................................... 287

22.6.5.1 Introduction to PMD_SAP service specification......................................... 287

22.6.5.2 PMD_DATA.request ................................................................................... 288

22.6.5.3 PMD_DATA.indication............................................................................... 288

22.6.5.4 PMD_TXSTART.request ............................................................................ 288

22.6.5.5 PMD_TXEND.request................................................................................. 289

22.6.5.6 PMD_TXEND.confirm................................................................................ 289

22.6.5.7 PMD_TXPWRLVL.request ........................................................................ 290

22.6.5.8 PMD_RSSI.indication ................................................................................. 290

22.6.5.9 PMD_RCPI.indication................................................................................. 290

22.6.5.10 PMD_TX_PARAMETERS.request ............................................................ 291

22.6.5.11 PMD_CHAN_MAT.indication.................................................................... 291

22.6.5.12 PMD_FORMAT.indication ......................................................................... 292

22.6.5.13 PMD_NON_HT_CH_BANDWIDTH.indication........................................ 292

22.6.5.14 PMD_CBW.indication................................................................................. 293

Annex B ...................................................................................................................................................... 294

B.2 Abbreviations and special symbols.................................................................................. 294

B.2.2 General abbreviations for Item and Support columns........................................ 294

B.4 PICS proforma—IEEE Std 802.11-<year> ..................................................................... 294

B.4.3 IUT configuration............................................................................................... 294

B.4.4 MAC protocol .................................................................................................... 294

B.4.4.1 MAC frames........................................................................................ 295

B.4.12 Spectrum management extensions ..................................................................... 295

B.4.14 QoS base functionality ....................................................................................... 295

B.4.19 High-throughput (HT) features .......................................................................... 296

B.4.19.1 HT MAC features................................................................................ 296

B.4.19.2 HT PHY features................................................................................. 298

B.4.23 Very High Throughput (VHT) Features............................................................. 298

B.4.23.1 VHT MAC features............................................................................. 298

B.4.23.2 VHT PHY Features............................................................................. 302

Annex C ...................................................................................................................................................... 310

IEEE P802.11ac/D2.2, May 2012

xix

This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

List of tables

Table 7-4—Vector descriptions..................................................................................................................... 24

Table 7-5—Channel-list parameter elements ................................................................................................ 25

Table 8-0a—Maximum DU sizes (in octets) and durations (in microseconds) per PPDU format................ 29

Table 8-1—Valid type and subtype combinations ........................................................................................ 30

Table 8-6—Ack Policy subfield in QoS Control field of QoS data frames .................................................. 31

Table 8-13a—VHT variant HT Control field subfields................................................................................. 34

Table 8-13b—MFB subfield in the VHT variant HT Control field .............................................................. 36

Table 8-18a—STA Info subfields.................................................................................................................. 38

Table 8-20—Beacon frame body................................................................................................................... 41

Table 8-22—Association Request frame body .............................................................................................. 41

Table 8-23—Association Response frame body ........................................................................................... 42

Table 8-24—Reassociation Request frame body........................................................................................... 42

Table 8-25—Reassociation Response frame body ........................................................................................ 43

Table 8-26—Probe Request frame body ....................................................................................................... 43

Table 8-27—Probe Response frame body ..................................................................................................... 44

Table 8-38—Category values ........................................................................................................................ 44

Table 8-53c—Subfields of the VHT MIMO Control field............................................................................ 47

Table 8-53d—Order of angles in the Compressed Beamforming Feedback Matrix subfield ....................... 48

Table 8-53f—VHT Compressed Beamforming Report field ........................................................................ 50

Table 8-53e—Quantization of angles ............................................................................................................ 50

Table 8-53g—Subcarriers for which a Compressed Beamforming Feedback Matrix subfield is sent back. 51

Table 8-53h—Average SNR of Space-Time Stream i subfield..................................................................... 57

Table 8-53i—MU Exclusive Beamforming Report field .............................................................................. 58

Table 8-53j—Number of subcarriers and subcarrier mapping ...................................................................... 59

Table 8-53k—Subfield values of the (#5096)Operating Mode field............................................................. 62

Table 8-53l—Encoding of User Position subfield......................................................................................... 63

Table 8-54—Element IDs.............................................................................................................................. 64

Table 8-55—BSS membership selector value encoding ...............................................................................64

Table 8-103—Capabilities field..................................................................................................................... 65

Table 8-105—Default EDCA Parameter Set element parameter values if dot11OCBActivated is false ..... 66

Table 8-115—Optional Subelement IDs for Neighbor Report...................................................................... 67

Table 8-127—Subfields of the HT Extended Capabilities field.................................................................... 68

Table 8-183u—Subfields of the VHT Capabilities Info field .......................................................................69

Table 8-183v—VHT Supported MCS Set subfields ..................................................................................... 73

Table 8-183w—VHT Operation Information subfields ................................................................................74

Table 8-199—DLS Request frame Action field format ................................................................................ 79

Table 8-200—DLS Response frame Action field format ..............................................................................80

Table 8-220—Information for TDLS Discovery Response frame ................................................................ 80

Table 8-239—Information for TDLS Setup Request frame .......................................................................... 81

Table 8-240—Information for TDLS Setup Response frame ....................................................................... 81

Table 8-241—Information for TDLS Setup Confirm frame ......................................................................... 81

Table 8-244—Information for TDLS Channel Switch Request frame.......................................................... 82

Table 8-262—Mesh Peering Open frame Action field format ...................................................................... 82

Table 8-263—Mesh Peering Confirm frame Action field format ................................................................. 82

Table 8-281ah—VHT Action field values..........................................................................................

........... 83

Table 8-281ai—VHT Compressed Beamforming frame Action field format............................................... 83

Table 8-281aj—VHT Compressed Beamforming (#5371)frame fields present............................................ 84

Table 8-281ak—Group ID Management frame Action field format............................................................. 84

Table 8-281al—(#5096)Operating Mode Notification frame Action field format........................................ 85

Table 8-282—MPDU delimiter fields ........................................................................................................... 86

Table 8-283—A-MPDU Contexts ................................................................................................................. 88

IEEE P802.11ac/D2.2, May 2012

This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

Table 8-288—A-MPDU contents in the VHT single MPDU context........................................................... 88

Table 9-4—Modulation classes ................................................................................................................... 102

Table 9-4a—Example tabulation of rate selection for VHT PPDUs........................................................... 105

Table 9-19—Settings for the TXVECTOR parameters GROUP_ID and PARTIAL_AID(#5087)............ 112

Table 9-20—Channels indicated idle by the channel-list parameter(#5014) .............................................. 120

Table 10-19—VHT BSS operating channel width ...................................................................................... 140

Table 18-1—TXVECTOR parameters ........................................................................................................ 150

Table 18-2—RXVECTOR parameters........................................................................................................ 151

Table 18-6a—Contents of the first 7 bits of the Scrambling Sequence(#4002) .......................................... 153

Table 18-6b—CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT values .......................................................................... 154

Table 18-6c—DYN_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT values........................................................................ 154

Table 22-1—TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters........................................................................... 163

Table 22-2— PPDU format as a function of CH_BANDWIDTH parameter ............................................. 171

Table 22-3—Mapping of the VHT PHY parameters for NON_HT operation............................................ 174

Table 22-4—Fields of the VHT PPDU........................................................................................................ 175

Table 22-5—Timing-related constants ........................................................................................................ 187

Table 22-6—Frequently used parameters.................................................................................................... 188

Table 22-7—Center frequency of a PPDU transmitted in frequency segment iSeg.................................... 192

Table 22-8—Tone scaling factor and guard interval duration values for PLCP fields ............................... 194

Table 22-9—CH_BANDWIDTH and ........................................................................................................ 196

Table 22-10—Cyclic shift values for L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG and VHT-SIG-A fields of the PPDU........... 197

Table 22-11—Cyclic shift values for the VHT modulated fields of a PPDU(#5157)................................. 201

Table 22-12—Fields in the VHT-SIG-A field............................................................................................. 203

Table 22-13—Number of VHT-LTFs required for different numbers of space time streams .................... 208

Table 22-14—Fields in the VHT-SIG-B field ............................................................................................. 212

Table 22-15—VHT-SIG-B bits in NDP for various channel widths........................................................... 212

Table 22-16—SERVICE field ..................................................................................................................... 217

Table 22-17—Number of rows and columns in the interleaver .................................................................. 225

Table 22-18— values................................................................................................................................... 226

Table 22-19—LDPC tone mapping distance for each bandwidth............................................................... 232

Table 22-20—Constellation mapper output to spatial mapper input for STBC for user u.......................... 234

Table 22-21—Pilot values for 80 MHz transmission .................................................................................. 235

Table 22-22—Fields to specify VHT channels ........................................................................................... 242

Table 22-23—Maximum transmit spectral flatness deviations ................................................................... 247

Table 22-24—Allowed relative constellation error versus constellation size and coding rate.................... 249

Table 22-25—Receiver minimum input level sensitivity...........................................................................

.250

Table 22-26—Minimum required adjacent and nonadjacent channel rejection levels................................ 251

Table 22-27—Conditions for CCA BUSY on the primary 20 MHz ........................................................... 253

Table 22-28—VHT PHY MIB attributes .................................................................................................... 263

Table 22-29—VHT PHY characteristics..................................................................................................... 268

Table 22-30—VHT MCSs for mandatory 20 MHz, NSS = 1 ..................................................................... 269

Table 22-31—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 2 ......................................................................... 269

Table 22-32—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 3 ......................................................................... 270

Table 22-33—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 4 ......................................................................... 270

Table 22-34—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 5 ......................................................................... 271

Table 22-35—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 6 ......................................................................... 271

Table 22-36—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 7 ......................................................................... 272

Table 22-37—VHT MCSs for optional 20 MHz, NSS = 8 ......................................................................... 272

Table 22-38—VHT MCSs for mandatory 40 MHz, NSS = 1 ..................................................................... 273

Table 22-39—VHT MCSs for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 2 ......................................................................... 273

Table 22-40—VHT MCSs for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 3 ......................................................................... 274

Table 22-41—VHT MCSs for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 4 ......................................................................... 274

Table 22-42—VHT MCSs for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 5 ......................................................................... 275

Table 22-43—VHT MCSs for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 6 ......................................................................... 275

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