Think C 1.09开源教程：简洁上手编程指南

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"Think C 最新版"是一本面向初学者的C编程语言教程，由Allen B. Downey撰写，适合那些希望系统学习这门计算机科学基础语言的人。该书遵循开放源代码的理念，根据GNU通用公共许可证（GPL）版本2进行授权，允许用户在任何电子、机械或生物媒介上复制、存储或传输文本内容，只要遵守相应的版权规定。本书的核心目标是帮助读者建立起像计算机科学家一样的思维方式，通过实践来理解C语言的基础概念。它强调了简洁明了的教学风格，适合于那些希望通过一个易于理解且实践性强的学习路径进入C语言世界的学生。C-Version by Thomas Schellinger可能也是一个相关资源，但具体信息并未提供。最新版本为1.09，发布日期为2018年1月5日。值得注意的是，作者认为这本书的目的是供人们使用，但并不提供任何形式的商业保证或特定用途的适用性。读者可以期待一个无瑕疵的教育工具，但需自行承担可能存在的技术局限。 LaTeX源代码是该书的原始形式，这意味着你可以从源代码层面进行编译，从而生成设备无关的文本格式，如PDF，或者将其转换为其他格式如EPUB以适应不同的阅读设备。这个过程确保了内容的灵活性，并且所有由编译产生的中间产物（如DVI和Postscript），以及印刷版图书，都受到GNU通用公共许可证的保护。要获取到该书的LaTeX源代码以及其他关于开源教材项目的更多信息，可以直接访问指定的网站。Think C 最新版是一本非常适合学习C语言，特别是对于那些希望通过开源教育方式探索编程世界的学员来说，这是一份宝贵的资源。

8 The way of the program

it displays or prints a message on the screen. The second statement tells the

operating system that our program executed successfully.

The statement that prints things on the screen is printf(), and the characters

between the quotation marks will get printed. Notice the \n after the last

character. This is a special character called newline that is appended at the

end of a line of text and causes the cursor to move to the next line of the display.

The next time you output something, the new text appears on the next line. At

the end of the statement there is a semicolon (;), which is required at the end

of every statement.

There are a few other things you should notice about the syntax of this program.

First, C uses curly-brackets ({ and }) to group things together. In this case, the

output statement is enclosed in curly-brackets, indicating that it is inside the

deﬁnition of main(). Also, notice that the statement is indented, which helps

to show visually which lines are inside the deﬁnition.

At this point it would be a good idea to sit down in front of a computer and

compile and run this program. The details of how to do that depend on your

programming environment, this book assumes that you know how to do it.

As I mentioned, the C compiler is very pedantic with syntax. If you make

any errors when you type in the program, chances are that it will not compile

successfully. For example, if you misspell stdio.h, you might get an error

message like the following:

hello_world.c:1:19: error: sdtio.h: No such file or directory

There is a lot of information on this line, but it is presented in a dense format

that is not easy to interpret. A more friendly compiler might say something

like:

“On line 1 of the source code ﬁle named hello_world.c, you tried to

include a header ﬁle named sdtio.h. I didn’t ﬁnd anything with that

name, but I did ﬁnd something named stdio.h. Is that what you

meant, by any chance?”

Unfortunately, few compilers are so accomodating. The compiler is not really

very smart, and in most cases the error message you get will be only a hint

about what is wrong. It will take some time for you to learn to interpret

diﬀerent compiler messages.

Nevertheless, the compiler can be a useful tool for learning the syntax rules

of a language. Starting with a working program (like hello_world.c), modify

it in various ways and see what happens. If you get an error message, try to

remember what the message says and what caused it, so if you see it again in

the future you will know what it means.

1.6 Glossary

problem-solving: The process of formulating a problem, ﬁnding a solution,

and expressing the solution.

10 The way of the program

1.7 Exercises

Exercise 1.1

Computer scientists have the annoying habit of using common English words to mean

something diﬀerent from their common English meaning. For example, in English, a

statement and a comment are pretty much the same thing, but when we are talking

about a program, they are very diﬀerent.

The glossary at the end of each chapter is intended to highlight words and phrases

that have special meanings in computer science. When you see familiar words, don’t

assume that you know what they mean!

a. In computer jargon, what’s the diﬀerence between a statement and a comment?

b. What does it mean to say that a program is portable?

c. What is an executable?

Exercise 1.2

Before you do anything else, ﬁnd out how to compile and run a C program in your

environment. Some environments provide sample programs similar to the example in

Section 1.5.

a. Type in the “Hello World” program, then compile and run it.

b. Add a second print statement that prints a second message after the “Hello

World.”. Something witty like, “How are you?” Compile and run the program

again.

c. Add a comment line to the program (anywhere) and recompile it. Run the pro-

gram again. The new comment should not aﬀect the execution of the program.

This exercise may seem trivial, but it is the starting place for many of the programs

we will work with. In order to debug with conﬁdence, you have to have conﬁdence

in your programming environment. In some environments, it is easy to lose track of

which program is executing, and you might ﬁnd yourself trying to debug one program

while you are accidentally executing another. Adding (and changing) print statements

is a simple way to establish the connection between the program you are looking at

and the output when the program runs.

Exercise 1.3

It is a good idea to commit as many errors as you can think of, so that you see what

error messages the compiler produces. Sometimes the compiler will tell you exactly

what is wrong, and all you have to do is ﬁx it. Sometimes, though, the compiler will

produce wildly misleading messages. You will develop a sense for when you can trust

the compiler and when you have to ﬁgure things out yourself.

a. Remove the closing curly-bracket (}).

b. Remove the opening curly-bracket ({).

c. Remove the int before main.

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