UZ2400: 低功耗2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4收发器数据手册

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"UZ2400是一款符合IEEE 802.15.4标准的低功耗2.4 GHz收发器，适用于Zigbee等无线通信系统，常用于智能家居、建筑与工厂自动化、无线传感器网络、PC外设、遥控器以及消费电子产品等领域。" UZ2400是一款由Uniband Electronic Corp.推出的硅版本D型低功耗2.4 GHz收发器，其设计遵循IEEE 802.15.4-2006标准，适用于各种低功耗无线通信应用。这个标准是Zigbee协议的基础，Zigbee是一种短距离、低功耗的无线通信技术，广泛应用于物联网(IoT)设备中。该器件的主要特性包括： 1. **2.4 GHz频段**：UZ2400工作在2.4 GHz ISM频段，这是一个全球通用的无许可频段，允许设备无需许可证即可进行通信。 2. **低功耗设计**：为了满足电池供电设备的需求，UZ2400优化了功耗，延长了设备的电池寿命，使其适合在远程传感器网络和便携式设备中使用。 3. **符合IEEE 802.15.4标准**：作为Zigbee网络的基础，UZ2400支持标准定义的数据速率、信道选择、错误检测和纠正机制，确保网络的可靠性和互操作性。 4. **广泛应用**：UZ2400可以应用于家庭和楼宇自动化、中数据速率的双向通信、无线传感器网络、个人计算机外围设备、遥控器、消费电子以及先进的计量基础设施(AMI)等场景。 5. **集成解决方案**：该收发器集成了必要的射频(RF)功能，减少了外部组件的需求，简化了系统设计，降低了成本。 6. **版本和更新**：文档版本为0.5，发布日期为2010年3月10日，表明这是一份初步的技术信息，内容可能随产品开发而变化，建议联系制造商获取最新信息。 7. **版权保护**：所有权利归Uniband Electronic Corp.所有，未经许可不得复制或转换为其他形式。 UZ2400的使用不仅需要理解其硬件特性，还需要熟悉IEEE 802.15.4标准和Zigbee协议栈，包括网络层、数据链路层和物理层的操作。开发者通常会结合微控制器和相应的软件栈来实现完整的无线通信解决方案。

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2.5. ESD Notice

Human-body mode Æ All pins pass 2KV

Machine mode Æ Pin2, 3 ESD sensitive, pass 100V, other pins pass 200V

2.6. Peripheral Characteristics

The UZ2400 has both a SPI slave mode and I

C interfaces. They can be used by the MCU host to access the

registers of the UZ2400 and FIFOs. The 4-wire SPI (SEN, SCLK, SI, and SO) provides a high speed interface up

to 5 MHz on SCLK. Also, the 2-wire I

C (SDA and SCL) interface provides another lower pin-count solution. The

C SDA and SCL share the same pins with SPI SI and SO respectively.

The UZ2400 has four GPIO pins. Each can be configured either as an input or an output pin.

2.7. Power-on and Reset Characteristics

The UZ2400 has built-in power-on reset (POR) circuit which automatically resets all digital registers when the

power is turned on. The 32 MHz oscillator circuit starts to lock frequency of the right clock after power-on. The

whole process takes 3ms for a clock circuit to become stable and completes the power-on reset. It is highly

recommended that the user waits at least 3ms before starting to access the UZ2400.

For external hardware reset (warm start), external reset pin RESETn is internally pulled-high. The UZ2400 will

hold in reset state around 20usec after RESETn is released from the low state.

2.8. Crystal Parameter Specifications

The clock system of the UZ2400 can be separated into two parts, one is main clock and the other is sleep clock.

The main clock is generated by a 32 MHz oscillator while the sleep clock can be selected between 32.768 KHz

oscillator and internal oscillator. Among all, the 32 MHz and 32.768 KHz clocks utilize external crystals to

generate the oscillations. The associated pins are XTAL_P, XTAL_N for 32 MHz crystal; the pins XTAL32_P and

XTAL32_N are for 32.768 KHz crystal. The allowed variation in frequency for the 32 MHz crystal is from -40ppm

to +40ppm. The 32.768 KHz clock provides real-time-clock based time accuracy to count sleep duration.

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3.1.1. IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY Introduction

Although a brief introduction of IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY layer is available in this section, it is recommended

that user should read the specification of IEEE 802.15.4-2006 for more comprehensive understanding.

The UZ2400 provides a transceiver which is fully compatible to IEEE 802.15.4-2006 2.4GHz band PHY layer

specifications. The key features of the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY layer are described as below.

 Operating frequency range is from 2405 to 2480 MHz, which includes 16 channels.

 It uses Offset QPSK (OQPSK) modulation to transmit data at 250kbps.

 Direct Sequence Spreading Spectrum (DSSS) is used in baseband algorithm to increase the SNR.

 It provides clear channel assessment (CCA) for CSMA-CA function.

 RSSI signal strength indicator is also provides.

The IEEE 802.15.4-2006 compliant packet includes a 6 bytes PHY header and a 5~127 bytes PHY payload. The

6 bytes PHY header includes 4 bytes of preamble, 1 byte of start-of-frame delimiter (SFD), and 1 byte of

payload length. Preamble and SFD are used for receiver packet detection and synchronization. The payload

length is valid from 5 to 127 for an IEEE 802.15.4-2006 compliant packet.

The PHY payload includes variable bytes of MAC header, variable bytes of MAC payload and 2 bytes of cyclic

redundant check (CRC, also called frame check sequence, FCS). The packet format is as below:

Figure 5: PHY layer frame format

For more information, please refer to IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard.

3.1.2. The PHY Enhancement of the UZ2400

Other than IEEE 802.15.4-defined 250Kbps data rate, 1M/2M bps turbo modes are supported in UZ2400.

Under turbo mode, users can use the same program settings for MAC. All MAC functions including auto-ACK,

CSMA-CA, Superframe… etc. are remained the same. To change to turbo modes, please refer to Section 4.3.6.

In both 1M/2M bps modes, signal bandwidth is extended to 8MHz.

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UZ2400 uses a fractional-N PLL as frequency synthesizer. Therefore, the carrier frequency resolution increases

and 1MHz channel spacing can be supported. Users can program UZ2400 to any integer carrier frequency

between 2400MHz to 2495MHz.

3.1.3. RSSI/ED and LQI

RSSI is used to report the signal strength of a received packet. The UZ2400 is able to automatically attach LQI

and RSSI values following a received packet in RXFIFO every time a packet is received successfully. The data

format in RXFIFO is as below:

RXFIFO Address 0x300 0x300+m+n+3 0x300+m+n+4

1 Byte M Byte N Bytes 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte

Frame length MAC Header MAC Payload MAC FCS LQI RSSI

For more information about RXFIFO, please refer to Section 3.3.2.

3.1.4. CCA

Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) is designed to detect whether the current channel is occupied by other

devices and used in the CSMA-CA algorithm (see Section 3.2.5). The UZ2400 provides three types of CCA

functions: CS (Carrier Sense), ED (Energy Detection) and a combination of both.

 CS mode: The CCA/CS mode, which is the default of CCA, detects if there is an IEEE 802.15.4 2.4GHz

OQPSK signal occupying the current channel. To use this mode, set SREG0x3A[7:6] to ‘0b01’ and then

configure the CS threshold by setting the short register SREG0x3A[5:2]. The recommended threshold

value is ‘0b1110’.

 ED mode: The CCA/ED mode detects if there is an in-band signal occupying the current channel. To use

this mode, set SREG0x3A[7:6] to ‘0b10’ and then configure the ED threshold by setting the short register

SREG0x3F. For the threshold value mapping, please refer to Appendix A. RSSI circuit should be turned on

for CCA detection in this mode. The current consumption of RSSI circuit is around 2.3 mA. It is

recommended to set CCA to ED mode before setting the trigger bit of TXFIFO to send the packet and to

set CCA back to CS mode after the interrupt status is read. The detailed procedure is given in Section

4.4.4.

 Combination of CS and ED mode: This mode checks both the CS and ED results for CCA. CCA shall report

a busy medium only upon the detection of a signal with the modulation and spreading characteristics of

IEEE 802.15.4 with energy above the Energy Detection (ED) threshold. To use this mode, set the short

3.2. Lower MAC Block

The UZ2400 MAC provides plenty of hardware-assisted features to relieve the host MCU power requirement.

TXMAC performs the CSMA-CA protocol to send a packet automatically. It also generates a 16-bit FCS

automatically. In Beacon-enabled mode, according to the ‘Superframe’ architecture, a TXMAC will send the

packet in Normal FIFO during the CAP (contention access period), the packet in GTS1/GTS2 FIFO during the

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