UWB通信系统多带OFDM方法详解与Matlab实例

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《超宽带通信系统多带OFDM方法》是一本深入探讨UWB（超宽带）和OFDM（正交频分复用）技术的专业书籍，由W. Pam Siriwanpongpairat和K.J. Ray Liu合作编写，两位作者分别来自Metron Communications Corporation和University of Maryland。这本书旨在为通信工程专业的学生提供详尽的学习资料，书中内容不仅理论扎实，还辅以Matlab编程实例，以便读者在实践中理解和掌握相关概念。 UWB通信技术是通信领域的一个前沿热点，其特点在于传输频谱宽广，能够提供高速率、低功耗和低复杂度的数据传输，适合短距离、高数据速率的无线通信场景，如蓝牙、无线个人局域网等。UWB的主要优势包括抗多径衰落能力强、干扰抑制性能好以及安全性较高。 OFDM技术则是现代通信中的核心技术之一，它将一个宽频带信号分割成多个窄带子载波，每个子载波在不同的频率上独立调制，然后进行并行传输。OFDM的优点包括频谱效率高、抗多径衰落、频域均衡简单，特别适合于高速率、高数据吞吐量的应用，如Wi-Fi、4G/5G移动通信网络。《超宽带通信系统多带OFDM方法》详细介绍了UWB和OFDM技术的基本原理、系统架构、调制解调技术、多载波处理、信道编码与解码，以及如何利用Matlab实现这些算法的仿真和优化。书中可能涵盖了如何设计和分析UWB-OFDM系统的性能，包括符号同步、频率同步、功率控制、误码率分析等方面。通过阅读这本书，学生可以全面理解UWB通信的优势和局限性，同时掌握OFDM技术如何提升通信系统的性能。Matlab代码示例则提供了实际操作的平台，帮助读者巩固理论知识，培养解决问题的能力，从而为未来在超宽带通信领域开展研究或实践工作打下坚实基础。最后，由于版权问题，未经许可不得复制、存储或以任何形式传输这本书的内容，确保了学术道德和尊重知识产权的原则。

JWDD071-Siriwongpairat September 5, 2007 12:50

PREFACE

Ultra-wideband (UWB) has emerged as a technology that offers great promise to

satisfy the growing demand for low-cost, high-speed digital wireless indoor and home

networks. The enormous bandwidth available, the potential for high data rates, and

the potential for small size and low processing power along with low implementation

cost all present a unique opportunity for UWB to become a widely adopted radio

solution for future wireless home-networking technology.

UWB is deﬁned as any transmission that occupies a bandwidth of more than 20%

of its center frequency, or more than 500 MHz. In 2002, the Federal Communications

Commission (FCC) has mandated that UWB radio transmission can legally operate

in the range 3.1 to 10.6 GHz at a transmitter power of −41.3 dBm/MHz. The use of

UWB technology under the FCC guidelines can provide enormous capacity over short

ranges. This can be seen by considering Shannon’s capacity equation, which shows

that increasing channel capacity requires linear increases in bandwidth, whereas

similar channel capacity increases would require exponential increases in power.

Currently, UWB technology is able to support various data rates, ranging from 55

to 480 Mbps, over distances up to 10 meters. In addition, it is expected that UWB

devices will consume very little power and silicon area, as well as provide low-cost

solutions that can satisfy consumer market demands.

Nevertheless, to fulﬁll these expectations, UWB research and development have

to cope with several challenges, including high-sensitivity synchronization, ability

to capture the multipath energy, low-complexity constraints, strict power limitations,

scalability, and ﬂexibility. Such challenges require advanced digital signal-processing

expertise to develop systems that could take advantage of the UWB spectrum and

support future indoor wireless applications.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamental issues in UWB

technology, with particular focus on the multiband orthogonal frequency-division

multiplexing (multiband OFDM) approach, which has been a leading proposal in the

IEEE 802.15.3a standard and has recently been adopted in the ECMA standard for

wireless personal area networks. The book also explores several major advanced state-

of-the-art technologies to enhance the performance of the standardized multiband

OFDM approach.

xiii

JWDD071-Siriwongpairat September 5, 2007 12:50

xiv PREFACE

In Chapter 1 we provide an introduction to UWB communications. In this chapter

we present a comprehensive overview of UWB radios and review the historical

development of UWB. Then we discuss the advantages, challenges, and applications

of UWB technology.

In Chapter 2 we describe the characteristics of UWB channels and establish a

mathematical channel model for the analysis in subsequent chapters.

Chapter 3 provides an overview of UWB single-band approaches. In this chapter we

describe the signal modeling and transceiver design of single-band approaches. Then

we derive the bit-error-rate performance of single-band UWB systems. Performance

analysis is provided for both single- and multiple-antenna UWB systems.

Chapter 4 is an overview of the multiband OFDM approach. In this chapter we

provide the fundamental background for the multiband OFDM approach used in

subsequent chapters.

In Chapter 5 we extend the multiband OFDM approach to a multiple-antenna

system. In this chapter we ﬁrst describe a multiple-input multiple-output coding

framework for UWB multiband OFDM systems. We show that a combination of

space–time–frequency coding and hopping multiband OFDM modulation can fully

exploit all of the available spatial and frequency diversities inherent in UWB envi-

ronments.

In Chapter 6 we analyze the performance of UWB multiband OFDM systems under

realistic UWB channels. We characterize pairwise error and outage probabilities in

UWB multiband OFDM systems, based on the multipath-clustering phenomenon

of UWB channels. The analysis is ﬁrst provided for single-antenna systems, then

extended to multiantenna systems.

Chapter 7 extends the performance analysis in Chapter 6 to a more practical sce-

nario. Speciﬁcally, we provide a performance analysis of multiband OFDM systems

that not only captures the characteristics of realistic UWB channels, but also takes

into consideration the imperfection of frequency and timing synchronization and the

effect of intersymbol interference.

In Chapter 8 we introduce a differential UWB scheme as an alternative approach

that bypasses channel estimation and provides a good trade-off between performance

and complexity in UWB communications systems. We review a basic concept of

differential OFDM, then describe a differential multiband OFDM system and ana-

lyze its performance. Both single- and multiantenna differential UWB systems are

considered.

In Chapter 9 we present a power-controlled channel allocation scheme for multi-

band OFDM systems. The scheme allocates subbands and transmitted power among

UWB users to minimize overall power consumption. This allows a UWB multiband

OFDM system to operate at a low transmitter power level while still achieving the

performance desired.

In Chapter 10 we introduce cooperative communications in UWB systems to

enhance the performance and coverage of UWB by exploiting the broadcasting nature

of wireless channels and cooperation among UWB devices. The principal concept of

cooperative communications is presented, and then it is applied to multiband OFDM

JWDD071-Siriwongpairat September 3, 2007 8:39

INTRODUCTION

In the near future, indoor communications of any digital data—from high-speed

signals carrying multiple HDTV programs to low-speed signals used for timing

purposes—will be shared over a digital wireless network. Such indoor and home

networking is unique, in that it simultaneously requires high data rates (for multiple

streams of digital video), very low cost (for broad consumer adoption), and very low

power consumption (for embedding into battery-powered handheld appliances). With

its enormous bandwidth, ultra-wideband (UWB) provides a promising solution to

satisfying these requirements and becomes an attractive candidate for future wireless

indoor networks.

We begin with an overview of UWB radios and review the historical development

of UWB. Next, we present the key beneﬁts of UWB. Then we discuss the application

potential of UWB technology for wireless communications. Finally, an overview

of UWB transmission schemes is presented, and the challenges in designing UWB

communication systems are discussed.

1.1 OVERVIEW OF UWB

The concept of UWB was developed in the early 1960s through research in time-

domain electromagnetics, where impulse measurement techniques were used to char-

acterize the transient behavior of a certain class of microwave networks [Ros63]. In the

late 1960s, impulse measurement techniques were applied to the design of wideband

antenna elements, leading to the development of short-pulse radar and communi-

cations systems. In 1973, the ﬁrst UWB communications patent was awarded for

a short-pulse receiver [Ros73]. Through the late 1980s, UWB was referred to as

baseband, carrier-free,orimpulse technology. The term ultra-wideband was coined

in approximately 1989 by the U.S. Department of Defense. By 1989, UWB theory,

techniques, and many implementation approaches had been developed for a wide

range of applications, such as radar, communications, automobile collision avoidance,

Ultra-Wideband Communications Systems: Multiband OFDM Approach, By W. Pam Siriwongpairat and K. J. Ray Liu

 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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