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使用Node.js、Express和Pug构建现代Web应用

Node

Web

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"本书《Programming.Web.Applications.with.Node.Express.and.Pug》由Jörg Krause撰写，旨在教授读者如何使用Node.js、Express和Pug（原Jade）构建现代web应用程序。全书覆盖了从环境搭建到具体技术使用的全过程，适合有一定JavaScript基础的Web开发者，特别是想了解JavaScript服务器应用的Java/J2EE、ASP.NET、PHP、Ruby on Rails背景的开发者。在书中，读者将学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **Node.js基础**：了解Node.js的基础概念和用途，特别是其在构建服务器端web应用中的角色。书中将介绍Node.js的核心模块，以及如何利用它们构建应用。 2. **Express框架**：深入理解Express的中间件机制，学会如何使用Express进行路由设置和应用架构。通过实践，读者将能构建出高效且易于维护的web服务。 3. **Pug模板引擎**：学习Pug（原Jade）的语法和特性，它是如何简化视图层开发的。Pug的简洁语法和强大的功能，能让开发者更专注于内容而非HTML结构。 4. **开发环境配置**：无论是在Linux还是Windows环境下，书中的指南都将帮助读者设置完整的开发环境，确保可以顺利进行项目开发。 5. **章节概览**：全书包含多个章节，如安装问题、应用组件分析、Node.js入门、重要Node模块、Express初探、Pug介绍、Pug语言组件和Pug命令行工具等，每个章节都深入浅出地讲解相关主题。 6. **适用人群**：适合有基本JavaScript知识，对Web应用开发有兴趣的读者，特别是想要拓展JavaScript服务器端应用技能的开发者。 7. **版权信息**：本书由Springer出版社出版，遵循版权法规，书中可能提及的商标、标识和图像仅作编辑用途，以服务读者并尊重相关产权。通过本书，读者不仅能掌握Node.js、Express和Pug的使用，还能了解到如何结合这些工具构建出高效、现代的Web应用程序。"

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■ FOREWORD

xix

The font is non-proportional, so that the characters are countable and opening and closing parentheses

are always among themselves.

Symbols

To facilitate the orientation in the search for a solution, there is a whole range of symbols that are used in

the text.

Tip This is a tip.

Information This is an information.

Warning This is a warning.

There are no questionnaires, exercises, or self-tests. It’s just a reference, an easy-to-read text to get you

on your way.

J. Krause, Programming Web Applications with Node, Express and Pug, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-2511-0_1

CHAPTER 1

Installation Problems

All instructions, which you find on the Internet about Node, NPM and other modules presuppose one thing:

transparent Internet access—which at first sight is worth hardly a mention. Indeed, it represents a problem

for many users. Not for the lack of Internet, but for the restrictions in enterprise networks.

Node.Js

Node itself stands as an installation package of choice and can also be installed without the Internet. Since

NPM is included, it works just fine online, too. All further components of the application, like Express and

Pug, can be installed with npm.

Problems with NPM

It’s possible that npm can’t access the Internet the way you expect it. This can be because of missing SSL

support or local proxy servers.

Proxy

You can instruct npm to use a proxy server:

1 npm config set proxy http://proxy.company.com:8080 -g

2 npm config set https-proxy http://proxy.company.com:8080 -g

The option -g stops the changes globally. Otherwise, it is only valid for the current project and it must

be located in the same folder, where a file called .npmrc exists. If this is missing, you’ll place it there, which is

perhaps senseless if you don’t plan on using further npm commands.

If a username and a password are necessary, it might looks as follows:

1 npm config set proxy http://domain%5Cuser:pass@host:port

Special characters must become URL encoded here:

• ” -> %22

• @ -> %40

• : -> %3A

• \ -> %5C

Chapter 1 ■ InstallatIon problems

SSL

Access to the Repository is standard. Go around this as follows:

1 npm config set strict-ssl false

2 npm config set registry "http://registry.npmjs.org/"

Perhaps this combination with the installation procedure can help:

1 npm --proxy http://<user>:<pwd>@<proxy>:<port>

2 --without-ssl

3 --insecure

4 -g install <paketname>

Problems with Git

Git is needed if you fetch packages via Bower or over direct connections from Github. There are two hurdles

in enterprise networks:

• A local Proxy is used.

• The protocol git:// is blocked. (That is a moniker for a special port.)

Many administrators are of the opinion that HTTP and port 80 are enough. However, we developers

want more. Thus, Git must be configured accordingly.

You receive the local Git installation under Linux as follows:

$ sudo apt-get install git

Under Windows you should use an installer, which can also bring along a Shell, which contains a part

of the not-local function. One does not have to switch a lot mentally, and can invariably use most Linux

commands this way.

Here you find the suitable package: https://git-scm.com/download/win Configure the options as

shown on the following screens:

Chapter 1 ■ InstallatIon problems

Figure 1-1. Installation options

Figure 1-2. Starting options

Chapter 1 ■ InstallatIon problems

Leave all other options unchanged.

The installation for Windows comprehensively has no graphic surface. This must be procured

separately. In the long run, however, the command line is the better and faster way.

Proxy

In order to use a proxy, you enter the following command (in a line):

1 git config

2 --global

3 http.proxy

4 http://<proxyuser>:<proxypwd>@<proxy.server.com>:<port>

Replace the place holders with suitable values. <proxyuser> and <proxywd> are only necessary if the

Proxy requires an authentication. The other placeholders mark the proxy.

Figure 1-3. Behavior of the line break characters

剩余211页未读，继续阅读

extends includes/layout.pug block content include ./includes/mixins/post-ui.pug #recent-posts.recent-posts +postui include includes/pagination.pug

这段代码使用了 Pug 模板引擎的语法，主要实现了以下功能： 1. 继承了一个名为 `layout.pug` 的布局模板，即当前模板的内容将插入到布局模板中指定的 `block content` 区块中。 2. 引入了一个名为 `post-ui.pug` ...

class Pet {} class Dog extends Pet {} class Pug extends Dog {} class Cat extends Pet {} class Rodent extends Pet {} class Gerbil extends Rodent {} class Hamster extends Rodent {} class Main { static HashMap<Integer, Class<? extends Pet>> map = new HashMap<Integer, Class<? extends Pet>>(); static { map.put(Pet.class.getName().length(), Pet.class); map.put(Dog.class.getName().length(), Dog.class); map.put(Pug.class.getName().length(), Pug.class); map.put(Cat.class.getName().length(), Cat.class); map.put(Rodent.class.getName().length(), Rodent.class); map.put(Gerbil.class.getName().length(), Gerbil.class); map.put(Hamster.class.getName().length(), Hamster.class); } public static void main(String[] args) { for ( Integer i : map.keySet() ) System.out.println(map.get(i).getName()); }} The code below will print three lines.运行结果，为什么

接下来，`Pug.class.getName().length()` 的值为3，所以打印出 `Pug`。最后，`Hamster.class.getName().length()` 的值为7，所以打印出 `Hamster`。其他类的长度不是3或7，所以它们不会被打印出来。

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使用Node.js、Express和Pug构建现代Web应用

Programming Web Applications with Node Express and Pug 无水印pdf

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Programming Web Applications with Node, Express and Pug epub

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