Splunk 5.0 搜索处理语言(SPL)入门指南

需积分: 31 103 浏览量更新于2024-07-23 收藏 8.38MB PDF 举报

"SPLUNK5.0使用文档及关键字主要介绍了如何利用Splunk这款机器数据引擎进行数据收集、索引和分析。Splunk能够处理来自各种应用程序、服务器和设备（包括物理、虚拟和云环境）产生的快速移动的计算机数据。用户可以通过它快速搜索和分析实时及历史数据，以解决技术问题和调查安全事件。本书《Exploring Splunk》由Splunk的首席思想官David Carasso撰写，提供了SEARCH PROCESSING LANGUAGE (SPL)的基础知识和实践指南。" 详细知识点: 1. **Splunk基础**: Splunk是一款强大的日志管理和分析工具，它允许用户对机器数据进行实时搜索、监控和分析。Splunk5.0版本提供了一套完善的数据处理和可视化功能，帮助IT专业人士更好地理解和管理他们的系统。 2. **SPL语言**: SPL是Splunk的查询语言，用于检索、过滤、聚合和操作数据。它包含一系列命令，如`search`、`stats`、`chart`等，让用户能够构建复杂的查询来满足特定的数据分析需求。 3. **数据收集**: Splunk能够从各种来源收集数据，包括系统日志、应用程序日志、网络设备日志等。用户可以配置输入，定义数据源，并设置数据采集的时间间隔。 4. **数据索引**: 收集到的数据会被自动索引，以便于快速搜索。索引过程包括对数据进行分词、提取字段以及存储数据以备后用。 5. **实时分析**: Splunk支持实时数据分析，允许用户在数据产生的瞬间进行查询和洞察，这对于监控系统性能和即时响应安全事件至关重要。 6. **历史数据分析**: 用户不仅能够分析当前数据，还能回溯到历史记录，这有助于识别趋势、模式和异常，从而进行故障排除和性能优化。 7. **事件关联与报警**: Splunk能够关联来自不同来源的事件，形成完整的事件视图。同时，用户可以设置报警规则，当特定条件满足时，系统会自动发送通知。 8. **可视化和报告**: Splunk提供了丰富的图表和仪表板，将复杂的数据转化为直观的可视化，方便用户生成报告和分享发现。 9. **软件许可协议**: 尽管这本书提供了使用Splunk的指导，但实际使用产品时必须遵循相应的软件许可协议，而不是仅依赖书中的信息。 10. **应用范围**: Splunk不仅仅适用于IT运营，还可以应用于安全监控、业务分析、物联网(IoT)数据处理等多个领域，为企业提供全面的数据洞察。《Exploring Splunk》这本书为读者提供了一个深入理解SPL和使用Splunk5.0的起点，涵盖了从基本操作到高级分析的全方位指南，是学习和掌握Splunk的强大资源。

Chapter 1: The Story of Splunk

Approaching Splunk

As you use Splunk to answer questions, you’ll nd that you can break the

task into three phases.

• First, identify the data that can answer your question.

• Second, transform the data into the results that can answer your

question.

• Third, display the answer in a report, interactive chart, or graph to

make it intelligible to a wide range of audiences.

Begin with the questions you want to answer: Why did that system fail?

Why is it so slow lately? Where are people having trouble with our web-

site? As you master Splunk, it becomes more obvious what types of data

and searches help answer those questions. This book will accelerate your

progress to mastery.

The question then becomes: Can the data provide the answers? Often,

when we begin an analysis, we don’t know what the data can tell us. But

Splunk is also a powerful tool for exploring data and getting to know it.

You can discover the most common values or the most unusual. You can

summarize the data with statistics or group events into transactions, such

as all the events that make up an online hotel reservation across systems

of record. You can create workows that begin with the whole data set,

then lter out irrelevant events, analyzing what’s left. Then, perhaps, add

some information from an external source until, after a number of simple

steps, you have only the data needed to answer your questions. Figure

1-1 shows, in general, the basic Splunk analysis processes.

Exploring Splunk

Figure 1-1. Working with Splunk

12.1.1.140 - - [01/Aug

/2009:09:37:01 -0700]

"GET /home/themes/ComB

eta/images/btn_login.g

if HTTP/1.1" 304 - "ht

p://webdev:2000/home/i

ex.php" "Mozilla/5.0

12.1.1.140 - - [01/Aug

/2009:09:37:01 -0700]

"GET /home/themes/ComB

eta/images/btn_login.g

if HTTP/1.1" 304 - "ht

p://webdev:2000/home/i

ex.php" "Mozilla/5.0

12.1.1.140 - - [01/Aug

/2009:09:37:01 -0700]

"GET /home/themes/ComB

eta/images/btn_login.g

if HTTP/1.1" 304 - "ht

p://webdev:2000/home/i

ex.php" "Mozilla/5.0

PHASE II

12.1.1.140 - -

[01

/Au

/2009:09:37:01 -0700]

-0

"GET /home/themes/Com

"GET /home/themes/

eta/images/btn_login.

if HTTP/1.1" 304 - "h

000/home/

000/hom

v:2

webde

://w

ex.

php

" "Mozilla/5.0

[01

01 -

/hom

a/5

12.1.1.140 - -

[01

/Au

01 -0700]

-0

/2009:09:37:01

Com

hem

es/

"GE

T /

hom

e/t

eta/images/btn_login.

if HTTP/1.1" 304 - "h

000

me/

000

/ho

v:2

webde

://w

ex.

php

" "Mozilla/5.0

[01

01 -

/hom

a/5

12.1.1.140 - - [01/Au

01 -0700]

-0

/20

09:09:37:01

hemes/Com

themes/

"GET /hom

e/t

eta/images/btn_login.

if HTT

P/1

.1" 304 - "h

p://webdev:2000/home/

p://webdev:2000/hom

ex.php" "Mozilla/5.0

- [01

01 -

/hom

a/5

PHASE I

Gather data from as many sources as necessary

PHASE III

009:09:37:01 -0700]

GET /home/themes/ComB

ta/images/btn_login.g

f HTTP/1.1" 304 - "ht

GET

eta

if HT

p:/

/we

bde

ex.

php

" "Mozi

[01

/Au

12.1.1

.140 - -

-07

/20

09:

37:

- "ht

p://web

bdev:200

0/h

ome

ex.php"

" "Mozil

la/5.0

[01/Aug

12.1.1.

.140 - -

2009:

GET

eta

if HTT

/we

bdev:2000/home/i

p://w

ex.

php" "Mozilla/5.0

[01

Aug1

/2009:0

09:37:01

-0700]

0700]

GET

ome

the

ComB

0p:

140

age

s/b

HTT

P/1

/we/we

/we

bde

v:2

09:

37:

T /

hom

/im

ageageageageageageageageage

age

s/b

HTT

P/1

.1"

//we

bde

v:2

.php

Moz

1.1

.14

0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -

0 -

2009:0

09:

37:

Visualize or review the data to gain insight

Transform the data

into answers

- [01/Au

9:09:37:01 -0700

]

home

themes

images/btn_logi

TTP/1.1" 304 - "

sourcetype

syslog

other-source

syslog

other-source

syslog

other-source

<events…>

raw

…

… ERROR …

…

… ERROR …

… WARNING …

…

… ERROR …

…

IP address

…

12.1.1.002

…

12.1.1.140

12.1.1.002

…

12.1.1.43

…

<elds...>

…

Social Media

Data

Credit Card

Data

Chapter 1: The Story of Splunk

Splunk: The Company and the Concept

The real excitement most people feel about Splunk comes from its ability

to help solve the complex and recurring problems that Splunk customers

have always had. The story of Splunk began in 2002, when cofounders

Erik Swan and Rob Das started looking around for their next challenge.

Erik and Rob had done a couple of startups together and were looking

for an idea for a new venture, so they started talking to companies about

their problems.

Erik and Rob asked prospective customers, “How do you solve prob-

lems in your infrastructure?” Over and over again, Erik and Rob heard

about practitioner’s experiences trying to troubleshoot IT problems and

retrieve data by traditional means. The data was too spread out; it was

hard to bring it all together and make sense of it. Everyone was attempting

to solve problems by manually poring over log les, sometimes writing

scripts to help them along. The homegrown scripts were brittle, the peo-

ple who wrote them sometimes left the company and took their expertise

with them, and every new attempt to explore an issue would result in

nger-pointing, buck-passing, and script rebuilding, with heavy-duty cus-

tom assistance from the IT department. These practitioners told Splunk’s

founders that solving infrastructure problems was like slowly crawling

around in caves (their datacenters) with pickaxes, poor lighting, and lim-

ited navigational power (old scripts and log management technologies).

In short, it was like spelunking—and so, the name “Splunk” was born.

Given the difculty of digital spelunking, the only alternative available to

these people was to search the Web to see if other companies had similar

problems and had posted solutions online. The founders were stunned

that people were spending money on this widely acknowledged issue,

and yet no one had stepped up to solve the problem. Erik and Rob asked

themselves, “Why couldn’t searching IT data be as easy and intuitive as

a Google™ search?”

The rst vision of Splunk was aimed at making it much easier to assemble

and analyze the data needed to run and troubleshoot a datacenter or

large computing or networking environment. The mission of Splunk was

to combine the ease of a web search with the power of the laborious,

homegrown methods IT professionals were using to troubleshoot problems.

Exploring Splunk

Erik and Rob raised funding and the rst version of Splunk debuted at

LinuxWorld

2005. The product was a huge hit and immediately went vi-

ral, spurred on by its availability as a free download. Once downloaded,

Splunk began solving broad range of unimagined customer problems and

spread from department to department and from company to company.

When users asked management to purchase it, they could already point

to a record of solving problems and saving time with Splunk.

Originally conceived to help IT and datacenter managers troubleshoot

technical problems, Splunk has grown to become an extremely useful

platform for all kinds of business users because it enables them to search,

collect, and organize data in a far more comprehensive, far less labor-in-

tensive way than traditional databases. The result is new business insights

and operational intelligence that organizations have never had before.

How Splunk Mastered Machine Data in the Datacenter

The rst place that Splunk took hold, naturally, was the datacenter, which

is awash in machine data. Splunk became popular with system admin-

istrators, network engineers, and application developers as an engine to

quickly understand (and increase the usefulness of) machine data. But

why did they like it so much? An example helps not only explain Splunk’s

early popularity but also helps us understand the nature of machine data,

which is central to the larger value that Splunk brings to the business

world.

In most computing environments, many different systems depend on

each other. Monitoring systems send alerts after something goes wrong.

For example, the key web pages of a site may depend on web servers, ap-

plication servers, database servers, le systems, load balancers, routers,

application accelerators, caching systems, and so on. When something

goes wrong in one of these systems, say a database, alarms may start

sounding at all levels, seemingly at once. When this happens, a system

administrator or application specialist must nd the root cause and x

it. The problem is that the log les are spread across multiple machines,

sometimes in different time zones, and contain millions of entries, most

of which have nothing to do with the problem. In addition, the relevant

records—the ones that indicate some failure of the system—tend to ap-

pear all at once. The challenge then is to nd the problem that started it

all. Let’s look at how Splunk helps do this.

• Splunk begins with indexing, which means gathering all the data

from diverse locations and combining it into centralized indexes.

Before Splunk, system administrators would have had to log in to

Chapter 1: The Story of Splunk

many different machines to gain access to all the data using far less

powerful tools.

• Using the indexes, Splunk can quickly search the logs from all

servers and hone in on when the problem occurred. With its speed,

scale, and usability, Splunk makes determining when a problem oc-

curred that much faster.

• Splunk can then drill down into the time period when the problem

rst occurred to determine its root cause. Alerts can then be created

to head the issue off in the future.

By indexing and aggregating log les from many sources to make them

centrally searchable, Splunk has become popular among system admin-

istrators and other people who run technical operations for businesses

around the world. Security analysts use Splunk to sniff out security vul-

nerabilities and attacks. System analysts use Splunk to discover inef-

ciencies and bottlenecks in complex applications. Network analysts use

Splunk to nd the cause of network outages and bandwidth bottlenecks.

This discussion brings up several key points about Splunk:

• Creatingacentralrepositoryisvital:One of the major victories

of Splunk is the way that diverse types of data from many different

sources are centralized for searching.

• Splunkconvertsdataintoanswers: Splunk helps you nd the in-

sights that are buried in the data.

• Splunkhelpsyouunderstandthestructureandmeaningofdata:

The more you understand your data, the more you’ll see in it.

Splunk also helps you capture what you learn to make future investi-

gations easier and to share what you’ve learned with others.

• Visualizationclosestheloop:All that indexing and searching pays

off when you see a chart or a report that makes an answer crystal

clear. Being able to visualize data in different ways accelerates un-

derstanding and helps you share that understanding with others.

Operational Intelligence

Because almost everything we do is assisted in some way by technology,

the information collected about each of us has grown dramatically. Many

of the events recorded by servers actually represent behavior of custom-

ers or partners. Splunk customers gured out early on that web server

access logs could be used not only to diagnose systems but also to better

understand the behavior of the people browsing a website.

剩余155页未读，继续阅读

ops_vippipi

粉丝: 0
资源: 1

Splunk 5.0 搜索处理语言(SPL)入门指南

splunk搜索手册(中文)

Splunk-Defensive-Analysis:具有三个相关CVE的Splunk软件报告

splunk 7.0.0 search and report 详细指导文档，包含不限于搜索技巧，告警设置，形成报表等

splunk5.0教程

Splunk 5.0中文手册

splunk5.0中文手册

Splunk5.0中文教程：入门到精通

Splunk5.0搜索手册：检索事件与报表创建

Splunk 5.0搜索手册：检索事件与报表创建

Splunk5.0搜索手册：事件检索与报表创建

最新资源