商业AI行动指南：应对变革与挑战

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《人工智能的紧迫性：商业实践路线图》一书于2018年面世，当时人工智能(AI)已经成为全球热议的话题，它逐渐渗透到各行各业，成为企业转型的关键驱动力。正如每个公司都在某种程度上成为互联网公司一样，未来的趋势是所有公司将不可避免地转变为AI公司。AI的应用旨在自动化或增强各种工作，这是当今商业领袖面临的重大课题。本书深入探讨了AI对国家、企业和个人潜在的巨大影响，包括就业结构的变革、算法责任、网络安全以及可能滥用AI进行网络攻击的风险。随着AI和自动化技术的快速发展，这些风险变得越来越明显，尤其是对于工作市场的影响，可能会引发大规模的行业颠覆，其后果尚不明朗。作者Anastassia Lauterbach和Andrea Bonime-Blanc以务实的态度，排除了围绕这一议题常见的炒作和恐慌情绪，为读者提供了一个全面理解AI概念及其在商业中的应用所需的框架。书中强调了AI所带来的巨大商业和政府效益，但也指出了快速部署可能带来的挑战。作者提供了实用的工具和指导，帮助读者和企业策略家设计适应未来AI驱动世界的成功流程和商业模式。无论是对监督学习还是无监督学习有兴趣的人士，这本书都是一份重要的参考资料，为那些希望深入了解深度学习并规划AI影响路径的读者提供了清晰的导航蓝图。书中得到了来自知名专家如麦肯锡公司（McKinsey & Company）的Jürgen Meffert博士和认知金融集团（Cognitive Finance Group）创始人兼CEO Clara Durodié的积极评价，他们赞扬了这本书对于理解和应对这个快速变化、充满不确定性的AI新时代的重要性。纽约市的投资者和作家Scott Hartley也推荐这本书，认为它是深入研究AI前沿的清醒且全面之作。《人工智能的紧迫性：商业实践路线图》为读者提供了关于AI概念、风险与机遇的深入理解，以及在AI时代制定战略的实用指南，是企业和决策者在应对AI挑战时不可多得的参考资源。随着AI技术的发展，这本书对于帮助企业把握未来发展趋势，确保成功转型至AI驱动的世界具有重要价值。

Foreword

In 2018, artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) becomes the topic of holiday gather-

ings and water cooler banter. Just like every company has become an

Internet company in some form or another, all companies will eventually

become AI companies. The use of AI across sectors to automate or aug-

ment a range of jobs is one of the most pressing issues facing business

leaders today.

But the potential impact of AI on nation states, companies, and indi-

viduals is only now beginning to be studied in an organized manner. The

risks AI brings, among them job displacement, algorithmic accountabil-

ity, cybersecurity, and the potential abuse of AI for offensive cyber opera-

tions, need careful consideration and effective responses by policy

makers. The same is true of human-level AI or artiﬁcial general intelli-

gence, even if the prospective adoption of those advanced technologies

remains a ways off.

There is inarguably a tremendous upside for businesses and govern-

ments in using AI. But as deployment of AI and automation accelerates,

the downsides become more apparent. Jobs are the immediate worry—

whole industry sectors could face substantial disruption soon, and with

unknown consequences. In response to these challenges, Anastassia

Lauterbach and Andrea Bonime-Blanc have taken a holistic look at the AI

sector, minus the hype and dread that often surround the issue.

Geopolitical Implications

As a political scientist, my primary interest is in how AI affects

geopolitics—how it shifts the balance of power between different coun-

tries, cultures, sectors, and interest groups. Over the past two years, as

the private sector has pushed ahead with AI innovations, governments

xii Foreword

around the world have begun to pay greater attention to the ﬁeld, particu-

larly in the U.S., the European Union, and China. Lauterbach and Bonime-

Blanc rightly focus attention on the U.S. and China, which currently lead

the world in AI, and are likely to remain at the forefront of capabilities

and inﬂuence for years to come. They then dive further, exploring AI’s

implication on...

Global Considerations and Security

Understanding the complex issues of global cooperation and policy

implications in international relations, cybersecurity, and defense are key

aspects of AI that need greater understanding. The interconnected nature

of these issues affecting disaster preparedness, climate change, wildlife

trafﬁcking, the digital divide, jobs, and smart cities are complex and far

ranging. Understanding the issues of international leadership and eco-

nomic competitiveness are priorities.

Automation and the Economy

Over the short term, AI’s most prominent economic effects will involve

the automation of tasks that could not be automated before. Like prior

waves of automation, AI will spur productivity growth. However, certain

jobs and sectors will suffer, particularly low- and medium-skilled jobs—

again, like in prior waves of automation. Without effective policies to

counter these trends, income inequality will worsen.

Fairness, Safety, and Governance

AI is ripe with the potential for unintended consequences. Replacing

human judgment and intervention has the potential to exacerbate prob-

lems of bias in hiring processes and any activity involving the use of big

data, such as tools used by judges in criminal sentencing, bail hearings,

or parole decisions. Safety and control will grow more important as AI

makes its way from labs and into the real world, where the unpredictable

will certainly happen. Assessing where those risks exist and devising

processes/systems for limiting them will be key moving forward.

Looking ahead, this book provides a foundation for thinking broadly

about not just AI, but other broader enabling technologies that will trans-

form business, from blockchain and the Internet of Things in the near

term to quantum computing over the long run. AI-based software agents

coupled with suites of sensors, connectivity, and cloud-based services are

already being used to develop smart systems, including autonomous or

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