全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）软件定义无线电研究进展

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全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS）软件定义无线电是一个研究领域的前沿课题，该领域的论文于2014年10月发表，由M. Hassan Sajjad Malik撰写，得到了Muhammad Aamir Malik的指导。这篇学术论文探讨了如何利用软件定义的技术来增强GNSS的性能和功能，尤其是在室内定位和地震灾害管理中的应用。 GNSS是全球定位技术的基石，它依赖于一组地球轨道上的卫星，为用户提供全球范围内的位置、时间以及速度信息。然而，在室内环境下，传统GNSS信号可能会受到建筑物阻挡，导致定位精度下降。通过软件定义无线电（Software Defined Radio, SDR），研究人员试图开发出能有效处理复杂无线环境、提高定位准确性的解决方案。论文可能涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **SDR原理与GNSS集成**：SDR是一种灵活的无线通信平台，能够动态调整其射频功能和协议栈。在GNSS中，它可能被用来设计和实现自适应接收器，以改善信号解析和抗干扰能力。 2. **室内定位算法**：论文可能会介绍针对室内环境的特殊算法，如多路径效应抑制、信号传播模型优化，或者利用Wi-Fi辅助GNSS定位（Wi-Fi fingerprinting或RTT-VT）来提高定位精度。 3. **地震监测与应急响应**：部分作者还关注地震活动的精确测量，这可能涉及到利用GNSS数据进行地震波分析，以便于灾害管理和减轻措施的实施。 4. **高空气球平台（HAPs）的应用**：论文可能探讨了如何利用高海拔平台作为移动基站，通过GNSS和SDR技术提供Wi-Fi和互联网服务到偏远地区，扩展网络覆盖范围。 5. **合作与项目成果**：Umar Bhatti教授作为导师，可能指导了团队在多个相关项目上的工作，包括地震监测项目和巴基斯坦偏远地区互联网接入项目，这些项目展示了GNSS SDR技术的实际应用潜力。该论文获得了1,141次阅读，但截至2016年9月3日，引用次数为0，这表明虽然研究有影响力，但可能还未被广泛接受和引用。进一步的研究和改进可能集中在提高技术的实用性和商业应用上，以推动GNSS SDR技术的发展。有兴趣的读者可以访问ResearchGate了解更多详细信息和作者的最新研究成果。

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List of Figures

FIG. 1.1 SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM ........................................................................................ 2

FIG. 2.1 GPS SIGNAL GENERATION ..................................................................................... 9

FIG. 2.2 COARSE ACQUISITION CODE ................................................................................. 10

FIG. 3.1 GALILEO SIGNAL FREQUENCY BAND ................................................................... 16

FIG. 3.2 GENERIC VIEW OF E1 SIGNAL GENERATION ......................................................... 18

FIG. 4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SERIAL SEARCH ACQUISITION ............................................. 22

FIG. 4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PARALLEL FREQUENCY SPACE SEARCH .............................. 24

FIG. 4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PARALLEL CODE PHASE SEARCH ACQUISITION .................. 25

FIG. 5.1 BASIC DEMODULATION SCHEME FOR NAVIGATION DATA .................................... 29

FIG. 5.2 BASIC GPS RECEIVER TRACKING LOOP BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................... 30

FIG. 5.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COSTAS LOOP ...................................................................... 31

FIG. 5.4 BASIC CODE TRACKING LOOP BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GPS ..................................... 32

FIG. 5.5 BASIC CODE TRACKING LOOP BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GALILEO .............................. 33

FIG. 5.6 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMBINE PLL AND DLL FOR GPS ...................................... 34

FIG. 5.7 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMBINE PLL AND DLL FOR GALILEO ............................... 35

FIG. 5.8 COARSE ACQUISITION (C/A) CODE FREQUENCY OVER TIME FOR GPS .................. 36

FIG. 5.9 CARRIER FREQUENCY DOPPLER SHIFT FOR GPS ................................................... 37

FIG. 5.10 CORRELATION RESULTS OF EARLY, LATE AND PROMPT SIGNALS OF GPS .......... 38

FIG. 5.11 NAVIGATION MESSAGE BITS FOR GPS ................................................................ 39

FIG. 5.12 CARRIER TO NOISE RATION OF GPS ................................................................... 39

FIG. 5.13 COARSE ACQUISITION (C/A) CODE FREQUENCY OVER TIME FOR GALILEO ......... 40

FIG. 5.14 CARRIER FREQUENCY DOPPLER SHIFT FOR GALILEO .......................................... 41

xiv

FIG. 5.15 CORRELATION RESULTS OF EARLY, LATE AND PROMPT SIGNALS OF GALILEO ... 42

FIG. 5.16 NAVIGATION MESSAGE BITS FOR GALILEO ......................................................... 42

FIG. 5.17 CARRIER TO NOISE RATION OF GALILEO ............................................................ 43

FIG. 6.1 PSEUDORANGE OF PRN1 OF GPS ......................................................................... 59

FIG. 6.2 GPS RECEIVER POSITION IN GOOGLE EARTH ....................................................... 60

FIG. 6.3 NAVIGATION SOLUTION WITH GPS ANALYSIS FROM “U-CENTER V8.11™” .......... 61

FIG. 6.4 PSEUDORANGE OF PRN12 OF GALILEO ................................................................ 62

FIG. 7.1 BIAS TEE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ................................................................................ 65

FIG. 7.2 LUMPED ELEMENT MODEL OF BIAS TEE .............................................................. 66

FIG. 7.3 TCBT14+ IC OF BIAS TEE MODEL ....................................................................... 67

FIG. 7.4 INPUT RETURN LOSS OF TCBT14+ IC OF BIAS TEE MODEL ................................ 67

FIG. 7.5 FORWARD LOSS OF TCBT14+ IC OF BIAS TEE MODEL ........................................ 68

FIG. 7.6 LNA FIRST DESIGN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ................................................................ 69

FIG. 7.7 LNA FIRST MODEL .............................................................................................. 69

FIG. 7.8 INPUT RETURN LOSS OF FIRST LNA MODEL ........................................................ 70

FIG. 7.9 FORWARD GAIN OF FIRST LNA MODEL ............................................................... 70

FIG. 7.10 NEW DESIGN PROPOSED FOR CUSTOM MADE LNA OF FIRST MODEL ................ 71

FIG. 7.11 COMMERCIAL LNA ............................................................................................ 71

FIG. 7.12 INPUT RETURN LOSS OF COMMERCIAL LNA ...................................................... 72

FIG. 7.13 FORWARD GAIN OF COMMERCIAL LNA ............................................................. 72

FIG. 7.14 CUSTOM MADE LNA SECOND DESIGN CIRCUIT MODEL .................................... 73

FIG. 7.15 CUSTOM MADE LNA SECOND DESIGN IMPLEMENTED MODEL .......................... 73

FIG. 7.16 INPUT RETURN LOSS OF CUSTOM MADE LNA SECOND MODEL ......................... 74

FIG. 7.17 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS OF CUSTOM MADE LNA SECOND MODEL ..................... 74

FIG. 7.18 FORWARD GAIN OF CUSTOM MADE LNA SECOND MODEL ................................ 75

FIG. 7.19 BACKWARD GAIN OF CUSTOM MADE LNA SECOND MODEL ............................. 75

FIG. 7.20 DVB-T USB DONGLE ........................................................................................ 76

FIG. 7.21 DVB-T DONGLE INTERNAL MODEL ................................................................... 76

FIG. 7.22 FM SIGNAL TESTING RESULTS OF DVB-T DONGLE ........................................... 77

FIG. 7.23 DIRECT METHOD OF DATA RECEPTION IN DVB-T DONGLE ............................... 78

FIG. 7.24 TCP LINK ESTABLISHMENT OF DATA RECEPTION IN DVB-T DONGLE............... 78

FIG. 7.25 DATA RECEPTION IN MATLAB VIA TCP LINK .................................................. 79

FIG. 7.26 CALIBRATION RESULT OF DONGLE WITHOUT TCXO CRYSTAL .......................... 80

FIG. 7.27 CALIBRATION RESULT OF DONGLE WITH TCXO CRYSTAL ................................ 81

FIG. 7.28 TCXO MODIFIED DONGLE HEATING PROBLEM SOLUTION ................................ 82

FIG. 7.29 USRP N210 ........................................................................................................ 83

FIG. 7.30 WBX CARD ........................................................................................................ 83

FIG. 7.31 EDITING WIRED CONNECTION ............................................................................ 84

FIG. 7.32 ERROR IN USRP N210 WHEN IMAGE NOT BURN................................................. 85

FIG. 7.33 USRP IMAGE BURNER ........................................................................................ 85

FIG. 7.34 PSD OF FM SIGNAL ............................................................................................ 86

FIG. 8.1 OPERATING SYSTEM: WINDOWS PARTITION TABLE ............................................. 87

FIG. 8.2 OPERATING SYSTEM: UBUNTU PARTITION TABLE ................................................ 88

FIG. 8.3 BOOT SOURCE SELECTION PANEL......................................................................... 88

FIG. 8.4 GNU-RADIO ERROR IN INSTALLATION SCRIPT ...................................................... 89

FIG. 8.5 GNU-RADIO CORRECTED INSTALLATION SCRIPT .................................................. 90

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