C# 2013入门指南：Microsoft Visual C# 2013 Step by Step

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"[Microsoft Press] Microsoft Visual C# 2013 Step by Step" 这本书，《Microsoft Visual C# 2013 Step by Step》是由John Sharp编著，并由O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版，获得了微软公司的授权。本书是针对C#初学者的一本优秀教程，特别关注C# 5.0版本的特性。如果你有C++的基础，那么学习这本书会更加得心应手。 C#是一门面向对象的编程语言，由微软开发，主要用于构建Windows应用程序、Web应用以及移动应用等。C# 5.0引入了许多新功能，包括异步编程模型（async/await），这使得编写高性能的并发和非阻塞代码变得更加简单。此外，C# 5.0还加强了动态类型的支持，以及改进了类型推断，使得LINQ查询更加直观。在《Microsoft Visual C# 2013 Step by Step》中，作者John Sharp以逐步教学的方式，深入浅出地引导读者掌握C#语言的核心概念和技术。书中可能会涵盖以下主题： 1. **基础语法**：变量、数据类型、控制流语句（如if、for、while）、函数和类的定义等。 2. **面向对象编程**：封装、继承、多态性，以及如何利用接口实现多态。 3. **泛型**：了解如何创建和使用泛型类、接口和方法，提高代码的复用性和类型安全性。 4. **异常处理**：学习如何使用try-catch块来捕获和处理程序运行时可能出现的错误。 5. **集合与LINQ**：探索ArrayList、List<T>、Dictionary<TKey, TValue>等集合类型，以及如何使用LINQ进行查询操作。 6. **事件和委托**：理解事件驱动编程，以及如何使用委托来创建回调函数。 7. **异步编程**：掌握async和await关键字，以及Task类的使用，编写非阻塞的异步代码。 8. **Windows Forms和WPF**：学习如何使用这两者构建图形用户界面（GUI）应用程序。 9. **ASP.NET Web开发**：了解如何使用C#进行Web应用程序开发，包括MVC框架。 10. **单元测试**：学习如何编写和执行单元测试，确保代码质量。书中的实例和练习旨在帮助读者巩固所学知识，通过实践提升编程技能。读者还可以访问微软提供的在线资源，获取更多学习支持和反馈。这本书对于想要系统学习和掌握C# 5.0的开发者来说，是一本非常实用的指南。

xiv Contents

A simple iterator .......................................... 444

Dening an enumerator for the Tree<TItem> class by

using an iterator ...........................................446

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

Quick reference .................................................449

Chapter 20 Decoupling application logic and handling events 451

Understanding delegates ........................................452

Examples of delegates in the .NET Framework class library ......453

The automated factory scenario .............................455

Implementing the factory control system without

using delegates ...........................................455

Implementing the factory by using a delegate ................456

Declaring and using delegates ..............................459

Lambda expressions and delegates ................................468

Creating a method adapter .................................469

The forms of lambda expressions ............................469

Enabling notications by using events .............................471

Declaring an event .........................................472

Subscribing to an event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

Unsubscribing from an event ................................473

Raising an event ...........................................473

Understanding user interface events ..............................474

Using events ..............................................475

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

Quick reference .................................................483

Chapter 21 Querying in-memory data by using

query expressions 485

What is Language-Integrated Query? ..............................485

Using LINQ in a C# application ...................................486

Selecting data .............................................488

Filtering data ..............................................490

Ordering, grouping, and aggregating data ...................491

Contents xv

Joining data ...............................................493

Using query operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Querying data in Tree<TItem> objects ........................497

LINQ and deferred evaluation ...............................503

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507

Quick reference .................................................508

Chapter 22 Operator overloading 511

Understanding operators ........................................511

Operator constraints .......................................512

Overloaded operators ......................................512

Creating symmetric operators ...............................514

Understanding compound assignment evaluation ...................516

Declaring increment and decrement operators .....................517

Comparing operators in structures and classes ......................518

Dening operator pairs ..........................................518

Implementing operators .........................................520

Understanding conversion operators ..............................526

Providing built-in conversions ...............................527

Implementing user-dened conversion operators .............528

Creating symmetric operators, revisited ......................529

Writing conversion operators ...............................529

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Quick reference .................................................532

PART IV BUILDING PROFESSIONAL WINDOWS 8.1

APPLICATIONS WITH C#

Chapter 23 Improving throughput by using tasks 537

Why perform multitasking by using parallel processing? .............537

The rise of the multicore processor ..........................538

Implementing multitasking by using the Microsoft .NET Framework ...540

Tasks, threads, and the ThreadPool ..........................540

xvi Contents

Creating, running, and controlling tasks ......................541

Using the Task class to implement parallelism ................ 544

Abstracting tasks by using the Parallel class ...................556

When not to use the Parallel class ...........................560

Canceling tasks and handling exceptions ...........................562

The mechanics of cooperative cancellation ...................562

Using continuations with canceled and faulted tasks ...........576

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577

Quick reference .................................................578

Chapter 24 Improving response time by performing

asynchronous operations 581

Implementing asynchronous methods .............................582

Dening asynchronous methods: the problem ................582

Dening asynchronous methods: the solution .................585

Dening asynchronous methods that return values ............591

Asynchronous methods and the Windows Runtime APIs ........592

Using PLINQ to parallelize declarative data access ...................595

Using PLINQ to improve performance while iterating

through a collection .......................................596

Canceling a PLINQ query ...................................601

Synchronizing concurrent access to data ...........................602

Locking data ..............................................604

Synchronization primitives for coordinating tasks ..............605

Cancelling synchronization .................................607

The concurrent collection classes ............................608

Using a concurrent collection and a lock to implement

thread-safe data access .....................................609

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619

Quick reference .................................................619

Chapter 25 Implementing the user interface for a

Windows Store app 623

What is a Windows Store app? ....................................624

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