沈阳航空工业学院北方科技学院毕业设计(外文翻译)
4
structure, and its own dialog boxes. A great deal of the effort that goes into creating any
good application interface lies in the choice and organization of these interface objects.
Visual C++, along with its resource editors, makes the creation and customization of these
interface objects extremely easy.
Event-driven Software and Vocabulary
All window-based GUIs contain the same basic elements and all operate in the same
way. On screen the user sees a group of windows, each of which contains controls, icons,
objects and such that are manipulated with the mouse or the keyboard. The interface
objects seen by the user are the same from system to system: push buttons, scroll bars,
icons, dialog boxes, pull down menus, etc. These interface objects all work the same way,
although some have minor differences in their "look and feel." For example, scroll bars
look slightly different as you move from Windows to the Mac to Motif, but they all do the
same thing.
From a programmer's standpoint, the systems are all similar in concept, although they
differ radically in their specifics. To create a GUI program, the programmer first puts all of
the needed user interface controls into a window. For example, if the programmer is trying
to create a simple program such as a Fahrenheit to Celsius converter, then the programmer
selects user interface objects appropriate to the task and displays them on screen. In this
example, the programmer might let the user enter a temperature in an editable text area,
display the converted temperature in another un-editable text area, and let the user exit the
program by clicking on a push-button labeled "quit".
As the user manipulates the application's controls, the program must respond
appropriately. The responses are determined by the user's actions on the different controls
using the mouse and the keyboard. Each user interface object on the screen will respond to
events differently. For example, if the user clicks the Quit button, the button must update
the screen appropriately, highlighting itself as necessary. Then the program must respond
by quitting. Normally the button manages its appearance itself, and the program in some
way receives a message from the button that says, "The quit button was pressed. Do
something about it." The program responds by exiting.
Windows follows this same general pattern. In a typical application you will create a
main window and place inside it different user interface controls. These controls are often
referred to as child windows-each control is like a smaller and more specialized
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