Jython驱动的Java Web开发：简化Servlet、Web Start与WSGI应用

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本章节专注于介绍如何利用Jython这门动态语言在Java Web开发中实现简单应用，打破传统Java开发的局限，提升开发效率。Jython的优势在于它允许开发者使用Python编程语言来操作Java平台，从而带来全新的开发体验。首先，我们深入探讨Jython与Java Servlet的结合。在Java开发领域，Servlet是主流的Web开发技术之一。通过Jython，开发者可以编写纯Python版本的Servlet，这不仅保留了Java的优点，如性能和稳定性，还引入了Python的特性，如简洁的语法、丰富的库支持和易于维护性。这使得在某些场景下，使用Jython编写Servlet比纯粹的Java代码更加便捷且高效。其次，本章涵盖了如何用Jython进行Web Start应用程序的开发。Web Start是一种Java技术，用于简化软件的安装和更新过程。Jython在此提供了更友好的编程界面，减少了开发者在处理底层Java代码时遇到的复杂性，使得构建跨平台的Web Start应用变得更加轻松。最后，我们将探索Jython在实现Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) 应用中的应用。WSGI是Web服务器和Web框架之间的一种接口标准，使得框架可以在任何支持WSGI的服务器上运行。利用modjy这个Jython模块，开发者能够无缝地将Jython代码与WSGI集成，进一步扩展了Jython在Web服务领域的应用范围。总结来说，本章通过实例演示和理论讲解，展示了如何利用Jython在Java Web开发中的实用性，包括开发简单Web应用、Web Start应用以及WSGI应用，旨在帮助开发者更好地理解和掌握这种结合Python语言特性和Java平台能力的新型开发方法。通过学习，开发者可以提高生产力，降低学习曲线，并为自己的项目增添更多可能性。

CHAPTER 13  SIMPLE WEB APPLICATIONS

268

}

All commenting has been removed from the code in an attempt to make the code a bit shorter. Now,

Listing 13-4 is the equivalent servlet code written in Jython.

Listing 13-4.

from javax.servlet.http import HttpServlet

class NewJythonServlet (HttpServlet):

def doGet(self,request,response):

self.doPost (request,response)

def doPost(self,request,response):

toClient = response.getWriter()

response.setContentType ("text/html")

toClient.println ("<html><head><title>Jython Servlet Test</title>" +

"<body><h1>Servlet Jython Servlet at" +

request.getContextPath() +

"</h1></body></html>")

def getServletInfo(self):

return "Short Description"

Not only is the concise code an attractive feature, but also the easy development lifecycle for

working with dynamic servlets. As stated previously, there is no need to redeploy each time you make a

change because of the compile at runtime that Jython offers. Simply change the Jython servlet, save, and

reload the webpage to see the update. If you begin to think about the possibilities you’ll realize that the

code above is just a basic example, you can do anything in a Jython servlet that you can with Java and

even most of what can be done using the Python language as well.

To summarize the use of Jython servlets, you simply include jython.jar and servlet-api.jar in your

CLASSPATH. Add necessary XML to the web.xml, and then finally code the servlet by extending the

javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet abstract class.

Using JSP with Jython

Harnessing Jython servlets allows for a more productive development lifecycle, but in certain situations

Jython code may not be the most convenient way to deal with front-facing web code. Sometimes using a

markup language such as HTML works better for developing sophisticated front-ends. For instance, it is

easy enough to include JavaScript code within a Jython servlet. However, all of the JavaScript code would

be written within the context of a String. Not only does this eliminate the usefulness of an IDE for

situations such as semantic code coloring and auto completion, but it also makes code harder to read

and understand. Cleanly separating such code from Jython or Java makes code more clear to read, and

easier to maintain in the long run. One possible solution would be to choose from one of the Python

template languages such as Django, but using Java Server Pages (JSP) technology can also be a nice

solution.

Using a JSP allows one to integrate Java code into HTML markup in order to generate dynamic page

content. We are not fans of JSP. There, we said it: JSP can make code a living nightmare if the technology

is not used correctly. Although JSP can make it very easy to mix JavaScript, HTML, and Java into one file,

it can make maintenance very difficult. Mixing Java code with HTML or JavaScript is a bad idea. The

same would also be true for mixing Jython and HTML or JavaScript.

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