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首页Oracle 8i-9i数据库基础教程:SQL*PLUS与PL/SQL详解
Oracle 8i-9i数据库基础教程:SQL*PLUS与PL/SQL详解
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更新于2024-07-27
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Oracle 8i-9i数据库基础教程由赵元杰编写,针对的是Oracle数据库的入门级和中级用户。该教程旨在提供一个实用且全面的学习平台,帮助读者理解和掌握Oracle数据库的基础知识。它主要分为两个部分:Oracle SQL*PLUS基础和PL/SQL知识。
在SQL*PLUS基础部分,作者从理解关系数据库系统(RDBMS)的概念开始,涵盖了关系模型和Codd的十二条法则,使读者了解数据库设计的核心原则。接着介绍了RDBMS的组成部分,包括内核和数据字典,这些都是数据库运行的基础架构。SQL和SQL*PLUS的差异被详细解析,强调了SQL用于数据操作,而SQL*PLUS则更偏向于交互式查询和脚本编写。PL/SQL语言作为Oracle的重要编程工具,也在此部分得到了详尽的讲解,包括其基本语法和功能。
登录到SQL*PLUS是实际操作的重要环节,教程分别介绍了在UNIX和Windows NT/2000环境下的操作步骤,为不同操作系统用户提供实用指导。此外,还提供了常用SQL*PLUS附加命令的简介,如登录命令和其他实用操作,便于读者快速上手。
PL/SQL部分深入介绍了如何设计和执行数据库程序,包括如何编写存储过程、函数和触发器,这对于数据库管理员、应用程序开发者和系统分析员来说都是至关重要的技能。通过实例演示,作者分享了自己的经验和技巧,以减少学习者的摸索时间,并确保内容紧跟Oracle 8i和9i的最新发展。
值得注意的是,虽然教程力求简洁全面,但由于作者水平和Oracle产品更新频繁,可能存在一些错误和不完善的地方,鼓励读者在阅读过程中提出反馈和修正。《Oracle8i/9i初级数据库管理》和《Oracle8i/9i高级数据库管理》作为配套教材,进一步扩展了数据库管理的知识范围。
这是一套适合Oracle初学者和专业人士的宝贵资源,既能作为数据库管理人员的参考手册,也能作为应用开发人员和系统分析设计人员的学习资料,具有很高的实用性和价值。
16
CLOSE ......................................................................................................................................... 490
COLUMN..................................................................................................................................... 490
COMMENT ................................................................................................................................. 491
COMMIT ..................................................................................................................................... 492
COMPUTE ................................................................................................................................... 492
CONCAT ...................................................................................................................................... 493
CONCATENATE ......................................................................................................................... 493
CONNECT BY ............................................................................................................................ 494
CONVERT ................................................................................................................................... 494
COPY ........................................................................................................................................... 495
COS .............................................................................................................................................. 496
COSH ........................................................................................................................................... 496
COUNT ........................................................................................................................................ 497
CREATE CLUSTER ................................................................................................................... 497
CREATE CONTROLFILE ......................................................................................................... 498
CREATE DATABASE ................................................................................................................ 499
CREATE DATABASE LINK ..................................................................................................... 500
CREATE PROFILE ..................................................................................................................... 500
CREATE DIRECTORY .............................................................................................................. 501
CREATE FUNCTION ................................................................................................................. 501
CREATE INDEX ......................................................................................................................... 502
CREATE LIBRARY .............................................................................................................. 503
CREATE PACKAGE................................................................................................................... 503
CREATE PACKAGE BODY ................................................................................................ 504
CREATE PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................. 506
CREATE ROLE ........................................................................................................................... 507
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT........................................................................................... 507
CREATE SCHEMA .................................................................................................................... 508
CREATE SEQUENCE ................................................................................................................ 509
CREATE SNAPSHOT ................................................................................................................ 509
CREATE SNAPSHOT LOG ....................................................................................................... 510
CREATE SYNONYM ..................................................................................................................511
CREATE TABLE ..........................................................................................................................511
CREATE TABLESPACE ............................................................................................................ 513
CREATE TRIGGER .................................................................................................................... 514
CREATE TYPE ........................................................................................................................... 515
CREATE TYPE BODY............................................................................................................... 516
CREATE USER ........................................................................................................................... 516
CREATE VIEW ........................................................................................................................... 517
CURRVAL.................................................................................................................................... 518
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN ................................................................................................... 518
DATATYPE .................................................................................................................................. 519
17
DATATYPE —CHAR ................................................................................................................. 519
DATATYPE —DATE .................................................................................................................. 520
DATATYPE —FLOAT ................................................................................................................ 520
DATATYPE —LONG ................................................................................................................. 520
DATATYPE —LONGRAW ........................................................................................................ 521
DATATYPE —MLSLABEL ....................................................................................................... 521
DATATYPE —NUMBER ........................................................................................................... 521
DATATYPE —RAW ................................................................................................................... 522
DATATYPE —ROWID............................................................................................................... 522
DATATYPE —VARCHAR ......................................................................................................... 522
DATATYPE —VARCHAR2 ....................................................................................................... 522
DECLARE ................................................................................................................................... 523
DECODE ...................................................................................................................................... 523
DEFINE ........................................................................................................................................ 524
DEL .............................................................................................................................................. 524
DELETE ....................................................................................................................................... 525
DEREF ......................................................................................................................................... 526
DESCRIBE .................................................................................................................................. 526
DROP CLUSTER ........................................................................................................................ 527
DROP DATABASE LINK .......................................................................................................... 527
DROP DIRECTORY ................................................................................................................... 528
DROP FUNCTION...................................................................................................................... 528
DROP INDEX.............................................................................................................................. 528
DROP LIBRARY......................................................................................................................... 529
DROP PACKAGE ....................................................................................................................... 529
DROP PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................. 530
DROP PROFILE .......................................................................................................................... 530
DROP ROLE ................................................................................................................................ 531
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT ............................................................................................... 531
DROP SEQUENCE ..................................................................................................................... 532
DROP SNAPSHOT ..................................................................................................................... 532
DROP SNAPSHOT LOG............................................................................................................ 532
DROP SYNONYM...................................................................................................................... 533
DROP TABLE.............................................................................................................................. 533
DROP TABLESPACE ................................................................................................................. 534
DROP TRIGGER......................................................................................................................... 534
DROP TYPE ................................................................................................................................ 535
DROP TYPE BODY ................................................................................................................... 535
DROP USER ................................................................................................................................ 536
DROP VIEW ................................................................................................................................ 536
DUMP........................................................................................................................................... 537
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX ............................................................................................................. 537
EDIT ............................................................................................................................................. 538
EMPTY_BLOB ........................................................................................................................... 538
18
EMPTY_CLOB ........................................................................................................................... 539
EXCEPTION INIT Pragma ........................................................................................................ 539
EXECUTE.................................................................................................................................... 540
EXISTS ........................................................................................................................................ 540
EXIT ............................................................................................................................................. 541
EXIT ............................................................................................................................................. 542
EXIT-WHEN................................................................................................................................ 542
EXP ............................................................................................................................................... 543
EXPLAIN PLAN ......................................................................................................................... 543
FETCH ......................................................................................................................................... 544
FLOOR ......................................................................................................................................... 545
FOR-LOOP .................................................................................................................................. 545
FORMAT ...................................................................................................................................... 546
FORMAT —DATE ...................................................................................................................... 546
FORMAT —NUMBER ............................................................................................................... 547
GET .............................................................................................................................................. 547
GLB .............................................................................................................................................. 548
GOTO ........................................................................................................................................... 548
GRANT ........................................................................................................................................ 549
GREATEST .................................................................................................................................. 550
GREATEST_LB .......................................................................................................................... 550
HEXTORAW ............................................................................................................................... 551
HOST ............................................................................................................................................ 551
IF-THEN ...................................................................................................................................... 552
IF-THEN-ELSE ........................................................................................................................... 552
IF-THEN-ELSEIF ....................................................................................................................... 553
INITCAP ...................................................................................................................................... 554
INPUT .......................................................................................................................................... 554
INSERT ........................................................................................................................................ 555
INSTR........................................................................................................................................... 555
INSTRB ........................................................................................................................................ 556
INTERSECT ................................................................................................................................ 557
INVALID_CURSOR ................................................................................................................... 557
INVALID_NUMBER .................................................................................................................. 558
KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................................... 559
LABELS ....................................................................................................................................... 560
LAST_DAY ................................................................................................................................. 561
LEAST.......................................................................................................................................... 561
LEAST_LB .................................................................................................................................. 562
LENGTH ...................................................................................................................................... 562
LENGTHB ................................................................................................................................... 562
LIKE ............................................................................................................................................. 563
LIST .............................................................................................................................................. 564
LN ................................................................................................................................................. 565
19
LOCK TABLE ............................................................................................................................. 565
LOG .............................................................................................................................................. 566
LOGIN_DENIED ........................................................................................................................ 566
LOOP ............................................................................................................................................ 567
LOWER ........................................................................................................................................ 568
LPAD ............................................................................................................................................ 568
LTRIM .......................................................................................................................................... 569
LUB .............................................................................................................................................. 569
MAKE_REF................................................................................................................................. 570
MAX ............................................................................................................................................. 570
MIN .............................................................................................................................................. 571
MINUS ......................................................................................................................................... 571
MOD ............................................................................................................................................. 572
MONTHS_BETWEEN ............................................................................................................... 572
NEW_TIME ................................................................................................................................. 573
NEXT_DAY ................................................................................................................................. 574
NEXTVAL ................................................................................................................................... 574
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN .................................................................................................. 575
NLS_CHARSET_ID ................................................................................................................... 575
NLS_CHARSET_NAME ........................................................................................................... 576
NLS_INITCAP ............................................................................................................................ 576
NLS_LOWER .............................................................................................................................. 577
NLS_UPPER ................................................................................................................................ 577
NO_DATA_FOUND ................................................................................................................... 578
NOAUDIT.................................................................................................................................... 579
NOT_LOGGED_ON ................................................................................................................... 579
NULL ........................................................................................................................................... 580
NVL .............................................................................................................................................. 581
OPEN ............................................................................................................................................ 581
OPEN-FOR .................................................................................................................................. 582
运算符 .......................................................................................................................................... 582
运算符— < > ............................................................................................................................... 583
运算符—>.................................................................................................................................... 583
运算符—> = ................................................................................................................................ 584
运算符—! = ................................................................................................................................. 584
运算符—* .................................................................................................................................... 585
运算符—+.................................................................................................................................... 586
运算符—-* .................................................................................................................................. 586
运算符—/ ..................................................................................................................................... 587
运算符—<= ................................................................................................................................. 587
运算符—=.................................................................................................................................... 588
运算符—AND ............................................................................................................................. 589
运算符—BETWEEN .................................................................................................................. 589
运算符—IN.................................................................................................................................. 590
20
运算符—IS NOT NULL............................................................................................................. 590
运算符—IS NULL ...................................................................................................................... 591
运算符—NOT ............................................................................................................................. 591
运算符—NOT BETWEEN ........................................................................................................ 592
运算符—NOT IN ........................................................................................................................ 592
运算符—OR ................................................................................................................................ 593
PRIOR .......................................................................................................................................... 593
PROGRAM_ERROR .................................................................................................................. 594
PROMPT ...................................................................................................................................... 595
PSEUDOCOLUMN .................................................................................................................... 595
RAISE........................................................................................................................................... 595
RAWTOHEX ............................................................................................................................... 596
RECORD ...................................................................................................................................... 596
REFTOHEX ................................................................................................................................. 597
REMARK ..................................................................................................................................... 598
RENAME ..................................................................................................................................... 598
REPFOOTER ............................................................................................................................... 599
REPHEADER .............................................................................................................................. 599
REPLACE .................................................................................................................................... 600
REPLACE .................................................................................................................................... 601
RETURN ...................................................................................................................................... 601
REVOKE ...................................................................................................................................... 602
ROLLBACK ................................................................................................................................ 603
ROUND ........................................................................................................................................ 603
ROWIDTOCHAR ....................................................................................................................... 604
ROWTYPE_MISMATCH .......................................................................................................... 605
RPAD ............................................................................................................................................ 606
RTRIM.......................................................................................................................................... 606
SAVE ............................................................................................................................................ 607
SAVEPOINT ................................................................................................................................ 607
SELECT ....................................................................................................................................... 608
SELECT INTO ............................................................................................................................ 608
SET ............................................................................................................................................... 609
SET ROLE ....................................................................................................................................611
SET TRANSACTION ................................................................................................................. 612
SHOW .......................................................................................................................................... 612
SIGN ............................................................................................................................................. 613
SIN ................................................................................................................................................ 614
SINH ............................................................................................................................................. 614
SOUNDEX ................................................................................................................................... 615
SPOOL ......................................................................................................................................... 615
SQLERRM ................................................................................................................................... 616
SQLPLUS..................................................................................................................................... 616
SQRT ............................................................................................................................................ 617
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