快速掌握Flask框架：实战构建动态网站与应用

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"《Learning Flask Framework》是一本由Matt Copperwaite和Charles Leifer合著的专业书籍，专为那些希望掌握Python Flask框架的读者精心设计。本书旨在帮助读者轻松发掘网络上最流行的Flask资源，并熟悉常与Flask搭配使用的第三方库。通过实践指导，读者将学习如何构建高效、交互性强且安全的Web应用程序。本书的核心内容涵盖了Flask的基础知识，包括但不限于如何设置和配置基础应用，路由与URL管理，模板引擎的运用，以及数据库集成，如SQLAlchemy。此外，书中还涉及了现代Web开发中的关键概念，如RESTful API的设计，安全措施如OAuth和JWT的实施，以及如何利用Flask扩展来增强应用功能。在阅读过程中，读者不仅能获取理论知识，还能通过丰富的实例和项目实战，提升实际编程能力。书中的每个章节都紧密围绕实际应用场景，确保理论与实践相结合，让学习过程更加深入和实用。版权方面，本书受到Packt Publishing的保护，未经书面许可，禁止任何形式的复制、存储或传播。尽管作者和出版社尽力保证信息的准确性，但不提供任何形式的保修，也不对因使用本书内容导致的直接或间接损失负责。Packt Publishing在提到书中涉及的所有公司和产品时，尽力标注其商标，但不能保证这些信息的绝对准确性。《Learning Flask Framework》是一本适合初学者和有一定经验的开发者深入学习Flask框架的实用指南，无论是构建个人项目还是职业发展，都能从中获益匪浅。通过跟随书中的指导，读者能够快速掌握Flask的核心技术，为自己的Web开发旅程奠定坚实基础。"

[ vii ]

Preface

Welcome to Learning Flask, the book that will teach you the necessary skills to

build web applications with Flask, a lightweight Python web framework. This

book takes an example-driven approach that is designed to get you started quickly.

The practical examples are balanced with just the right amount of background

information to ensure that you understand not only the how, but also the why of

Flask development.

Flask was originally released by Armin Ronacher as part of an elaborate April

Fool's Day prank in 2010. The project touted itself as, "The next generation python

micro web-framework," and lampooned features made popular by similar

microframeworks. Although Flask was intended as a prank, the authors were

caught by surprise when many people expressed serious interest in the project.

Flask is a microframework that is built on top of two excellent libraries: the Jinja2

templating engine, and the Werkzeug WSGI toolkit. Despite being a relative

new-comer compared to other frameworks, such as Django, and Pylons, Flask has

garnered a large and loyal following. Flask provides powerful tools for common

web development tasks and encourages a bring-your-own-library approach for

everything else, allowing programmers the exibility to pick and choose the best

components for their application. Every Flask app is different, and as the project's

documentation states, "Flask is Fun".

The Flask microframework represents a departure in terms of design and API from

most other popular Python web frameworks, which has led many developers that

are new to Flask to ask, "What is the right way to build an app?" Flask does not offer

any strong opinions on how we, the developers, should build our app. Instead, it

provides opinions on what you need to build an app. Flask can be thought of as a

collection of objects and functions to deal with common web tasks, such as routing

URLs to code, processing request data, and rendering templates. While the level

of exibility that Flask provides is liberating, it can also lead to confusion and

poor designs.

Preface

[ viii ]

The purpose of this book is to help you see this exibility as opportunity. Over

the course of this book, we will be building and progressively enhancing a Flask-

powered blogging site. New concepts will be introduced through the addition of

new features to the site. By the end of the book, we will have created a fully-featured

website, and you will have a strong working knowledge of Flask and the ecosystem

of its commonly-used extensions and libraries.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Creating Your First Flask Application, begins with the bold declaration,

"Flask is fun", which is one of the rst things that you see when you view the ofcial

Flask documentation, and in this chapter, you will get to grips with why so many

Python developers agree.

Chapter 2, Relational Databases with SQLAlchemy, says that relational databases are

the bedrock upon which almost all modern web applications are built. We will use

SQLAlchemy, a powerful object-relational mapper that allows us to abstract away

the complexities of multiple database engines. In this chapter, you will learn about

how the data model that you choose early on will affect almost every facet of the code

that follows.

Chapter 3, Templates and Views, covers two of the most recognizable components of

the framework: the Jinja2 template language, and the URL routing framework. We

will fully immerse ourselves in Flask and see our app nally start to take shape.

As we progress through the chapter, our app will start looking like a proper website.

Chapter 4, Forms and Validation, shows you how to use forms to modify content on

your blog directly through the site handled by the popular WTForms library. This

is a fun chapter because we will add all sorts of new ways to interact with our site.

We will create forms to work with our data models and learn how to receive and

validate user data.

Chapter 5, Authenticating Users, explains how you can add user authentication to

your site. Being able to distinguish one user from another allows us to develop an

entirely new class of features. For instance, we will see how to restrict access to the

create, edit, and delete views, preventing anonymous users from tampering with

site content. We can also display a user's draft posts to them but hide them from

everyone else.

Preface

[ ix ]

Chapter 6, Building an Administrative Dashboard, shows you how you can build an

administrative dashboard for your site, using the excellent Flask-Admin. Our admin

dashboard will give certain selected users the ability to manage all the content across

the entire site. In essence, the admin site will be a graphical frontend for the database,

supporting operations to create, edit, and delete rows in our application's tables.

Chapter 7, AJAX and RESTful APIs, uses Flask-Restless to create a RESTful API

for the blogging app. A RESTful API is a powerful way of accessing your app

programmatically by providing highly-structured data to represent it. Flask-Restless

works very well with our SQLAlchemy models, and it also handles complex tasks,

such as serialization, and result ltering.

Chapter 8, Testing Flask Apps, covers how you can write unit tests covering all parts

of the blogging app. We will utilize Flask's test client to simulate "live" requests. We

will also see how the Mock library can simplify testing complex interactions, such as

calling third-party services, such as databases.

Chapter 9, Excellent Extensions, teaches you how to enhance your Flask installation

with popular third-party extensions. We used extensions throughout the book, but

we can now explore the added extra security or functionality with very little effort

and can polish off your app nicely.

Chapter 10, Deploying Your Application, teaches you how to deploy your Flask

applications securely and in an automated, repeatable manner. We will look at how

to congure the commonly-used WSGI capable servers, such as Apache and Nginx,

as well as the Python web server Gunicorn, to give you plenty of options. Then, we

will see how to secure part or the entire site using SSL before nally wrapping up

our application in a conguration management tool to automate our deployment.

What you need for this book

While Python is at home on most operating systems, and we have tried to keep

an operating system-agnostic approach within the book, it is advisable to use a

computer running a Linux distribution or OS X when working with this book,

as Python is already installed and running. The Linux distribution can be either

installed on the machine or within a virtual machine. Almost any Linux distribution

will do, and any recent version of Ubuntu will be ne.

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