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SAS协议入门:R5修订版标准解读
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更新于2024-07-27
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"SAS spec. R5 是一份关于 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 协议的修订版5的工作草案,由美国国家标准技术委员会T10发布,旨在作为SAS协议的入门教材。该文档是内部工作文件,未完成且未经批准,可能会有进一步修改。仅供INCITS成员和技术委员会及其相关任务组用于标准制定活动。"
SAS(Serial Attached SCSI)是一种高性能的串行存储接口,用于连接硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器和其他存储设备。R5 版本的 SAS 规范提供了一套详细的接口标准和技术规范,确保不同厂商的设备之间能够互操作。以下是对 SAS R5 中关键知识点的详细说明:
1. **串行连接**: SAS与传统的并行SCSI不同,它采用串行连接方式,降低了信号干扰,提高了传输距离和数据传输速率。
2. **速度与带宽**: SAS R5 可能涉及不同的传输速率,如 3 Gbps、6 Gbps、12 Gbps 或更高,随着版本的升级,带宽会逐步提升,满足更高的存储需求。
3. **拓扑结构**: SAS 支持点对点、星形、菊花链和树形等多种拓扑结构,这允许灵活的系统设计和扩展。
4. **兼容性**: SAS 设计上兼容 SATA 接口,可以通过扩展器实现 SAS 和 SATA 存储设备的混用,降低了存储系统的成本。
5. **错误检测与恢复**: SAS 协议包含了高级错误检测和恢复机制,如 CRC(循环冗余校验)和 ECC(错误校正码),确保数据的完整性和可靠性。
6. **设备标识与发现**: SAS 使用 SAS 地址和 Service Request (SR) 寄存器来识别和寻址设备,支持热插拔和即插即用功能。
7. **协议层结构**: SAS 协议包括物理层、边缘层、传输层和框架层,各层负责不同的功能,如物理信号传输、错误处理、帧封装和解封装等。
8. **命令队列**: SAS 支持命令队列,可以同时处理多个I/O请求,提高系统性能。
9. **连接器和电缆**: SAS 使用特定的连接器,如 Mini-SAS HD 连接器,以保证信号质量和物理连接的稳定性。
10. **安全与认证**: SAS 设备通常需要通过 SAS HBA(主机总线适配器)进行认证和管理,确保数据的安全访问。
SAS R5 文档对于理解 SAS 协议的基础概念、操作流程和设计原则至关重要,对于开发者、系统架构师和IT专业人员来说是一份宝贵的参考资料。它详细介绍了 SAS 的协议栈、信号处理、错误处理机制以及与 SATA 的互操作性等方面的内容,有助于深入学习和应用 SAS 技术。
T10/1562-D Revision 5 9 July 2003
xvi Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
9.2.6.1 ST state machines overview ..................................................................................................... 276
9.2.6.2 ST_I (transport layer for SSP initiator ports) state machines .................................................... 276
9.2.6.2.1 ST_I state machines overview............................................................................................. 276
9.2.6.2.2 ST_ISF (initiator send frame) state machine ....................................................................... 278
9.2.6.2.2.1 ST_ISF state machine overview ................................................................................... 278
9.2.6.2.2.2 ST_ISF1:Send_Frame state ......................................................................................... 278
9.2.6.2.2.2.1 State description....................................................................................................... 278
9.2.6.2.2.2.2 Transition ST_ISF1:Send_Frame to ST_ISF2:Prepare_Command_Task ............... 280
9.2.6.2.2.2.3 Transition ST_ISF1:Send_Frame to ST_ISF3:Prepare_Data_Out .......................... 280
9.2.6.2.2.3 ST_ISF2:Prepare_Command_Task state ..................................................................... 280
9.2.6.2.2.3.1 State description....................................................................................................... 280
9.2.6.2.2.3.2 Transition ST_ISF2:Prepare_Command_Task to ST_ISF1:Send_Frame ............... 280
9.2.6.2.2.4 ST_ISF3:Prepare_Data_Out state ................................................................................ 280
9.2.6.2.2.4.1 State description....................................................................................................... 280
9.2.6.2.2.4.2 Transition ST_ISF3:Prepare_Data_Out to ST_ISF1:Send_Frame .......................... 281
9.2.6.2.3 ST_IPD (initiator process data) state machine .................................................................... 281
9.2.6.2.4 ST_IPR (initiator process response) state machine ............................................................ 281
9.2.6.2.5 ST_IFR (initiator frame router) state machine ..................................................................... 282
9.2.6.3 ST_T (transport layer for SSP target ports) state machines ..................................................... 283
9.2.6.3.1 ST_T state machines overview............................................................................................ 283
9.2.6.3.2 ST_TFR (target frame router) state machine....................................................................... 285
9.2.6.3.3 ST_TTS (target transport server) state machine ................................................................. 286
9.2.6.3.3.1 ST_TTS state machine overview .................................................................................. 286
9.2.6.3.3.2 ST_TTS1:Start state ..................................................................................................... 286
9.2.6.3.3.2.1 State description....................................................................................................... 286
9.2.6.3.3.2.2 Transition ST_TTS1:Start to ST_TTS2:Send_Frame............................................... 287
9.2.6.3.3.2.3 Transition ST_TTS1:Start to ST_TTS7:Prepare_Response .................................... 287
9.2.6.3.3.3 ST_TTS2:Send_Frame state ........................................................................................ 287
9.2.6.3.3.3.1 State description....................................................................................................... 287
9.2.6.3.3.3.2 Transition ST_TTS2:Send_Frame to ST_TTS3:Prepare_Data_In........................... 288
9.2.6.3.3.3.3 Transition ST_TTS2:Send_Frame to ST_TTS4:Receive_Data_Out........................ 289
9.2.6.3.3.3.4 Transition ST_TTS2:Send_Frame to ST_TTS7:Prepare_Response ....................... 289
9.2.6.3.3.4 ST_TTS3:Prepare_Data_In state.................................................................................. 289
9.2.6.3.3.4.1 State description....................................................................................................... 289
9.2.6.3.3.4.2 Transition ST_TTS3:Prepare_Data_In to ST_TTS2:Send_Frame........................... 289
9.2.6.3.3.5 ST_TTS4:Receive_Data_Out state............................................................................... 289
9.2.6.3.3.5.1 State description....................................................................................................... 289
9.2.6.3.3.5.2 Transition ST_TTS4:Receive_Data_Out to ST_TTS5:Prepare_Xfer_Rdy............... 290
9.2.6.3.3.5.3 Transition ST_TTS4:Receive_Data_Out to ST_TTS6:Process_Data_Out .............. 290
9.2.6.3.3.6 ST_TTS5:Prepare_Xfer_Rdy state ............................................................................... 291
9.2.6.3.3.6.1 State description....................................................................................................... 291
9.2.6.3.3.6.2 Transition ST_TTS5:Prepare_Xfer_Rdy to ST_TTS2:Send_Frame ........................ 291
9.2.6.3.3.7 ST_TTS6:Process_Data_Out state............................................................................... 291
9.2.6.3.3.7.1 State description....................................................................................................... 291
9.2.6.3.3.7.2 Transition ST_TTS6:Process_Data_Out to ST_TTS4:Receive_Data_Out .............. 291
9.2.6.3.3.8 ST_TTS7:Prepare_Response state .............................................................................. 291
9.2.6.3.3.8.1 State description....................................................................................................... 291
9.2.6.3.3.8.2 Transition ST_TTS7:Prepare_Response to ST_TTS2:Send_Frame ....................... 292
9.3 STP transport layer............................................................................................................................... 292
9.3.1 Initial FIS......................................................................................................................................... 292
9.3.2 BIST Activate FIS............................................................................................................................ 293
9.3.3 TT (transport layer for STP ports) state machines.......................................................................... 293
9.4 SMP transport layer.............................................................................................................................. 293
9.4.1 SMP transport layer overview ......................................................................................................... 293
9.4.2 SMP_REQUEST frame................................................................................................................... 294
9.4.3 SMP_RESPONSE frame ................................................................................................................ 294
9.4.4 Sequence of SMP frames ............................................................................................................... 295
9 July 2003 T10/1562-D Revision 5
Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) xvii
9.4.5 MT (transport layer for SMP ports) state machines ........................................................................ 295
9.4.5.1 SMP transport layer state machines overview .......................................................................... 295
9.4.5.2 MT_IP (transport layer for SMP initiator ports) state machine .................................................. 295
9.4.5.2.1 MT_IP state machine overview............................................................................................ 295
9.4.5.2.2 MT_IP1:Idle state................................................................................................................. 296
9.4.5.2.2.1 State description ........................................................................................................... 296
9.4.5.2.2.2 Transition MT_IP1:Idle to MT_IP2:Send ....................................................................... 296
9.4.5.2.3 MT_IP2:Send state.............................................................................................................. 297
9.4.5.2.3.1 State description ........................................................................................................... 297
9.4.5.2.3.2 Transition MT_IP2:Send to MT_IP1:Idle ....................................................................... 297
9.4.5.2.3.3 Transition MT_IP2:Send to MT_IP3:Receive................................................................ 297
9.4.5.2.4 MT_IP3:Receive state ......................................................................................................... 297
9.4.5.2.4.1 State description ........................................................................................................... 297
9.4.5.2.4.2 Transition MT_IP3:Receive to MT_IP1:Idle .................................................................. 297
9.4.5.3 MT_TP (transport layer for SMP target ports) state machine.................................................... 298
9.4.5.3.1 MT_TP state machine overview ..........................................................................................298
9.4.5.3.2 MT_TP1:Idle state ............................................................................................................... 298
9.4.5.3.2.1 State description ........................................................................................................... 298
9.4.5.3.2.2 Transition MT_TP1:Idle to MT_TP2:Respond............................................................... 298
9.4.5.3.3 MT_TP2:Respond state....................................................................................................... 299
9.4.5.3.3.1 State description ........................................................................................................... 299
9.4.5.3.3.2 Transition MT_TP2:Respond to MT_TP1:Idle............................................................... 299
10 Application layer....................................................................................................................................... 300
10.1 Application layer overview .................................................................................................................. 300
10.2 SCSI application layer ........................................................................................................................ 300
10.2.1 SCSI transport protocol services .................................................................................................. 300
10.2.1.1 SCSI transport protocol services overview..............................................................................300
10.2.1.2 Send SCSI Command transport protocol service.................................................................... 301
10.2.1.3 SCSI Command Received transport protocol service ............................................................. 302
10.2.1.4 Send Command Complete transport protocol service............................................................. 303
10.2.1.5 Command Complete Received transport protocol service ...................................................... 303
10.2.1.6 Send Data-In transport protocol service.................................................................................. 304
10.2.1.7 Data-In Delivered transport protocol service ...........................................................................305
10.2.1.8 Receive Data-Out transport protocol service .......................................................................... 305
10.2.1.9 Data-Out Received transport protocol service ........................................................................ 306
10.2.1.10 Send Task Management Request transport protocol service ............................................... 306
10.2.1.11 Task Management Request Received transport protocol service......................................... 307
10.2.1.12 Task Management Function Executed transport protocol service ........................................ 307
10.2.1.13 Received Task Management Function-Executed transport protocol service ........................ 308
10.2.2 Application client error handling.................................................................................................... 309
10.2.3 Device server error handling......................................................................................................... 310
10.2.4 SCSI transport protocol event notifications................................................................................... 310
10.2.5 SCSI commands........................................................................................................................... 310
10.2.5.1 INQUIRY command................................................................................................................. 310
10.2.5.2 LOG SELECT and LOG SENSE commands .......................................................................... 311
10.2.5.3 MODE SELECT and MODE SENSE commands .................................................................... 311
10.2.5.4 START STOP UNIT command................................................................................................311
10.2.6 SCSI mode parameters ................................................................................................................ 311
10.2.6.1 Disconnect-Reconnect mode page .........................................................................................311
10.2.6.1.1 Disconnect-Reconnect mode page overview .................................................................... 311
10.2.6.1.2
BUS INACTIVITY TIME LIMIT field ............................................................................................ 312
10.2.6.1.3
MAXIMUM CONNECT TIME LIMIT field...................................................................................... 313
10.2.6.1.4
MAXIMUM BURST SIZE field ................................................................................................... 313
10.2.6.1.5
FIRST BURST SIZE field......................................................................................................... 313
10.2.6.2 Protocol-Specific Port mode page........................................................................................... 314
10.2.6.2.1 Protocol-Specific Port mode page overview ...................................................................... 314
T10/1562-D Revision 5 9 July 2003
xviii Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
10.2.6.2.2 Protocol-Specific Port mode page - short format............................................................... 314
10.2.6.2.3 Protocol-Specific Port mode page - Phy Control And Discover subpage .......................... 315
10.2.6.3 Protocol-Specific Logical Unit mode page...............................................................................318
10.2.7 SCSI log parameters..................................................................................................................... 318
10.2.7.1 Protocol-Specific log page....................................................................................................... 318
10.2.8 SCSI power conditions.................................................................................................................. 321
10.2.8.1 SCSI power conditions overview............................................................................................. 321
10.2.8.2 SA_PC (SCSI application layer power condition) state machine ............................................ 321
10.2.8.2.1 SA_PC state machine overview ........................................................................................ 321
10.2.8.2.2 SA_PC_0:Powered_On state ............................................................................................ 322
10.2.8.2.2.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 322
10.2.8.2.2.2 Transition SA_PC_0:Powered_On to SA_PC_4:Stopped .......................................... 322
10.2.8.2.2.3 Transition SA_PC_0:Powered_On to SA_PC_5:Active_Wait..................................... 323
10.2.8.2.3 SA_PC_1:Active state ....................................................................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.3.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.3.2 Transition SA_PC_1:Active to SA_PC_2:Idle ............................................................. 323
10.2.8.2.3.3 Transition SA_PC_1:Active to SA_PC_3:Standby...................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.3.4 Transition SA_PC_1:Active to SA_PC_4:Stopped...................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.4 SA_PC_2:Idle state ........................................................................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.4.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.4.2 Transition SA_PC_2:Idle to SA_PC_1:Active ............................................................. 323
10.2.8.2.4.3 Transition SA_PC_2:Idle to SA_PC_3:Standby.......................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.4.4 Transition SA_PC_2:Idle to SA_PC_4:Stopped.......................................................... 323
10.2.8.2.5 SA_PC_3:Standby state.................................................................................................... 324
10.2.8.2.5.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 324
10.2.8.2.5.2 Transition SA_PC_3:Standby to SA_PC_4:Stopped .................................................. 324
10.2.8.2.5.3 Transition SA_PC_3:Standby to SA_PC_5:Active_Wait............................................. 324
10.2.8.2.5.4 Transition SA_PC_3:Standby to SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait................................................. 324
10.2.8.2.6 SA_PC_4:Stopped state.................................................................................................... 324
10.2.8.2.6.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 324
10.2.8.2.6.2 Transition SA_PC_4:Stopped to SA_PC_3:Standby .................................................. 324
10.2.8.2.6.3 Transition SA_PC_4:Stopped to SA_PC_5:Active_Wait ............................................ 324
10.2.8.2.6.4 Transition SA_PC_4:Stopped to SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait ................................................ 325
10.2.8.2.7 SA_PC_5:Active_Wait state .............................................................................................. 325
10.2.8.2.7.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 325
10.2.8.2.7.2 Transition SA_PC_5:Active_Wait to SA_PC_1:Active ................................................ 325
10.2.8.2.7.3 Transition SA_PC_5:Active_Wait to SA_PC_3:Standby............................................. 325
10.2.8.2.7.4 Transition SA_PC_5:Active_Wait to SA_PC_4:Stopped ............................................ 325
10.2.8.2.7.5 Transition SA_PC_5:Active_Wait to SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait........................................... 325
10.2.8.2.8 SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait state .................................................................................................. 325
10.2.8.2.8.1 State description ......................................................................................................... 325
10.2.8.2.8.2 Transition SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait to SA_PC_2:Idle ........................................................ 326
10.2.8.2.8.3 Transition SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait to SA_PC_3:Standby................................................. 326
10.2.8.2.8.4 Transition SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait to SA_PC_4:Stopped ................................................ 326
10.2.8.2.8.5 Transition SA_PC_6:Idle_Wait to SA_PC_5:Active_Wait........................................... 326
10.2.9 SCSI vital product data (VPD) ...................................................................................................... 327
10.3 ATA application layer.......................................................................................................................... 327
10.4 Management application layer............................................................................................................ 328
10.4.1 READY LED signal behavior ........................................................................................................ 328
10.4.2 Management protocol services ..................................................................................................... 328
10.4.3 SMP functions............................................................................................................................... 329
10.4.3.1 SMP function request frame format......................................................................................... 329
10.4.3.2 SMP function response frame format...................................................................................... 331
10.4.3.3 REPORT GENERAL function.................................................................................................. 333
10.4.3.4 REPORT MANUFACTURER INFORMATION function .......................................................... 335
10.4.3.5 DISCOVER function ................................................................................................................ 337
10.4.3.6 REPORT PHY ERROR LOG function..................................................................................... 342
9 July 2003 T10/1562-D Revision 5
Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) xix
10.4.3.7 REPORT PHY SATA function ................................................................................................. 344
10.4.3.8 REPORT ROUTE INFORMATION function ............................................................................ 346
10.4.3.9 CONFIGURE ROUTE INFORMATION function ..................................................................... 349
10.4.3.10 PHY CONTROL function....................................................................................................... 351
Annex A Compliant jitter test pattern (CJTPAT)............................................................................................ 355
Annex B SAS to SAS phy reset sequence examples ................................................................................... 362
Annex C CRC................................................................................................................................................ 364
C.1 CRC generator and checker implementation examples ...................................................................... 364
C.2 CRC implementation in C .................................................................................................................... 364
C.3 CRC implementation with XORs.......................................................................................................... 365
C.4 CRC examples..................................................................................................................................... 367
Annex D SAS address hashing..................................................................................................................... 368
D.1 SAS address hashing overview ........................................................................................................... 368
D.2 Hash collision probability ..................................................................................................................... 368
D.3 Hash generation................................................................................................................................... 369
D.4 Hash implementation in C.................................................................................................................... 369
D.5 Hash implementation with XORs ......................................................................................................... 370
D.6 Hash examples .................................................................................................................................... 371
Annex E Scrambling...................................................................................................................................... 374
E.1 Scrambler implementation example..................................................................................................... 374
E.2 Scrambler implementation in C ............................................................................................................ 374
E.3 Scrambler implementation with XORs ................................................................................................. 375
E.4 Scrambler examples ............................................................................................................................ 376
Annex F ATA architectural notes .................................................................................................................. 377
F.1 STP differences from Serial ATA (SATA)............................................................................................. 377
F.2 STP differences from Serial ATA II ...................................................................................................... 377
F.3 Affiliation policies.................................................................................................................................. 377
F.3.1 Affiliation policies overview............................................................................................................. 377
F.3.2 Affiliation policy for static STP initiator port to STP target port mapping ........................................ 378
F.3.3 Affiliation policy with SATA queued commands and multiple STP initiator ports............................ 378
F.3.4 Applicability of affiliation for STP target ports ................................................................................. 378
Annex G Expander device handling of connections...................................................................................... 379
G.1 Expander device handling of connections overview ............................................................................379
G.2 Connection request - OPEN_ACCEPT................................................................................................ 381
G.3 Connection request - OPEN_REJECT by end device ......................................................................... 382
G.4 Connection request - OPEN_REJECT by expander device................................................................ 383
G.5 Connection request - arbitration lost.................................................................................................... 384
G.6 Connection request - backoff and retry................................................................................................ 385
G.7 Connection request - backoff and reverse path................................................................................... 386
G.8 Connection close - single step............................................................................................................. 387
G.9 Connection close - simultaneous......................................................................................................... 388
G.10 BREAK handling during path arbitration............................................................................................ 389
G.11 BREAK handling during connection................................................................................................... 390
G.12 STP connection - originated by STP initiator port.............................................................................. 391
G.13 STP connection - originated by STP target port in an STP/SATA bridge.......................................... 392
G.14 STP connection close - originated by STP initiator port ....................................................................393
G.15 STP connection close - originated by STP target port in an STP/SATA bridge................................. 394
G.16 Pathway blocked and pathway recovery example............................................................................. 395
Annex H Primitive encoding .......................................................................................................................... 396
T10/1562-D Revision 5 9 July 2003
xx Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
Annex I Messages between state machines................................................................................................. 399
I.1 Messages between phy layer and other layers ..................................................................................... 399
I.2 Messages between link layer, port layer, and management application layer for all protocols ............. 399
I.3 Messages between link layer, port layer, and transport layer for SSP .................................................. 401
I.4 Messages between link layer, port layer, and transport layer for SMP ................................................. 403
I.5 Messages from transport layer to application layer for SSP..................................................................405
I.6 Messages from transport layer to application layer for SMP ................................................................. 406
Annex J Discover process example implementation..................................................................................... 407
J.1 Discover process example implementation overview ........................................................................... 407
J.2 Header file ............................................................................................................................................ 407
J.3 Source file............................................................................................................................................. 420
Annex K SAS icon......................................................................................................................................... 432
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