RFC 2044：UTF-8编码标准与Unicode兼容性

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RFC 2044, 由Yergeau编写的文档，标题为"UTF-8：Unicode与ISO 10646的一种转换格式"，是一份信息性备忘录。该文档在1996年发布，主要关注的是UTF-8编码标准，这是一种针对Unicode和ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993联合定义的16位字符集的转换格式。Unicode 1.1标准和ISO/IEC 10646旨在囊括全球大多数书写系统的字符，然而16位字符并不适应当时的许多应用程序和协议。 UTF-8的独特之处在于它保留了US-ASCII字符集的兼容性。这意味着US-ASCII字符被编码为一个字节，其值与US-ASCII字符一致，而任何具有这种值的字节只能表示一个US-ASCII字符。这种设计确保了对依赖于US-ASCII值的文件系统、解析器和其他软件的高度兼容性，同时这些软件对其他字符值是透明的，不会影响它们的正常运行。 1. 引言部分阐述了开发UTF-8编码的原因，是为了克服由于字符集兼容性问题导致的技术挑战。UTF-8通过提供一种既能保持广泛字符集支持又不影响现有ASCII兼容应用的方法，解决了国际化的通信问题，使得不同的文字能够在互联网上无缝交流。 2. 技术细节部分可能包括UTF-8的编码规则，例如如何处理多字节字符（对于非ASCII字符，可能需要多个字节来表示），以及如何确保编码的紧凑性和效率。此外，还会介绍UTF-8在互联网传输中的优势，如节省带宽、易于解析和存储等。 3. 文档还可能讨论了UTF-8的标准化过程，以及它如何经过社区的评估和接受，成为当今互联网上广泛使用的字符编码标准之一。同时，它可能会提及与其他UCS（统一码字符集）转换格式的比较，强调UTF-8在实际应用中的普遍适用性和可靠性。 4. 结论部分可能会总结UTF-8的重要地位，它是如何通过其兼容性和扩展性推动了全球互联网内容的多样化，以及未来可能的发展趋势和潜在改进方向。 RFC 2044是关于UTF-8编码规范的重要文档，对于理解现代互联网编码体系，特别是对于跨语言、跨平台的应用程序和数据交换具有深远的影响。

Network Working Group F. Yergeau

Request for Comments: 2044 Alis Technologies

Category: Informational October 1996

UTF-8, a transformation format of Unicode and ISO 10646

Status of this Memo

This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo

does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of

this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

The Unicode Standard, version 1.1, and ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 jointly

define a 16 bit character set which encompasses most of the world’s

writing systems. 16-bit characters, however, are not compatible with

many current applications and protocols, and this has led to the

development of a few so-called UCS transformation formats (UTF), each

with different characteristics. UTF-8, the object of this memo, has

the characteristic of preserving the full US-ASCII range: US-ASCII

characters are encoded in one octet having the usual US-ASCII value,

and any octet with such a value can only be an US-ASCII character.

This provides compatibility with file systems, parsers and other

software that rely on US-ASCII values but are transparent to other

values.

1. Introduction

The Unicode Standard, version 1.1 [UNICODE], and ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993

[ISO-10646] jointly define a 16 bit character set, UCS-2, which

encompasses most of the world’s writing systems. ISO 10646 further

defines a 31-bit character set, UCS-4, with currently no assignments

outside of the region corresponding to UCS-2 (the Basic Multilingual

Plane, BMP). The UCS-2 and UCS-4 encodings, however, are hard to use

in many current applications and protocols that assume 8 or even 7

bit characters. Even newer systems able to deal with 16 bit

characters cannot process UCS-4 data. This situation has led to the

development of so-called UCS transformation formats (UTF), each with

different characteristics.

UTF-1 has only historical interest, having been removed from ISO

10646. UTF-7 has the quality of encoding the full Unicode repertoire

using only octets with the high-order bit clear (7 bit US-ASCII

values, [US-ASCII]), and is thus deemed a mail-safe encoding

([RFC1642]). UTF-8, the object of this memo, uses all bits of an

octet, but has the quality of preserving the full US-ASCII range:

Yergeau Informational [Page 1]

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RFC 2044：UTF-8编码标准与Unicode兼容性

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