SCons用户指南：快速上手与安装教程

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本篇文章是关于"scan"编译工具的使用文档，它类似于Makefile，由Steven Knight编写，适用于SConsUserGuide 2.3.0版本。该文档详细介绍了如何安装、配置和使用SCons这款强大的构建工具。以下是主要内容的概述： 1. **SCons基本原则**： SCons的设计理念强调了灵活性和易用性，它能够根据项目的特定需求自动发现依赖关系并构建项目。它不同于传统的Makefile，因为它不需要手动指定依赖项，而是通过分析源代码来确定构建步骤。 2. **指南完整性提示**：文档作者提醒读者，指南可能无法涵盖所有SCons的所有特性，特别是随着版本更新，新功能和改进可能会不断出现。因此，用户应参考官方文档和在线资源以获取最新信息。 3. **安装步骤**： - **Python安装**：SCons基于Python语言，所以首先确保已安装Python，特别是针对不同操作系统（如Red Hat/RPM系统、Debian Linux、Windows）提供了特定的安装指导。 - **预建包安装**：在Linux上，可通过包管理器安装SCons，而在Windows上，可以直接下载安装程序。 - **自定义构建与安装**：如果需要，用户可以自行编译SCons，且支持在同一系统上安装多个版本的SCons，或者在非默认路径安装。 - **权限问题**：对于没有管理员权限的用户，文档提供了如何在受限环境中安装和配置SCons的建议。 4. **基础使用示例**： - **C/C++程序构建**：SCons能处理C/C++源文件，自动化编译链接过程。 - **对象文件构建**：工具能够识别并处理目标文件，确保正确的链接顺序。 - **Java构建**：文档说明如何针对Java项目进行构建，包括编译、打包等操作。 - **清理工作**：SCons还支持清理（clean）功能，以便在需要时快速清除编译产物。 - **SConstruct文件**：这是SCons的核心，用户需要创建一个SConstruct文件来描述项目的构建逻辑，它是SCons自动执行构建任务的基础。这篇文档为SCons初学者和开发者提供了一个全面的指南，帮助他们掌握如何在各种平台上高效地利用SCons进行自动化构建。无论是从零开始的安装，还是如何编写和利用SConstruct文件进行项目构建，本文都提供了详尽的步骤和实例。

Chapter 2. Simple Builds

In this chapter, you will see several examples of very simple build conﬁgurations using SCons, which

will demonstrate how easy it is to use SCons to build programs from several different programming

languages on different types of systems.

2.1. Building Simple C / C++ Programs

Here’s the famous "Hello, World!" program in C:

int

main()

{

printf("Hello, world!\n");

}

And here’s how to build it using SCons. Enter the following into a ﬁle named SConstruct:

Program(’hello.c’)

This minimal conﬁguration ﬁle gives SCons two pieces of information: what you want to build (an

executable program), and the input ﬁle from which you want it built (the hello.c ﬁle). Program is a

builder_method, a Python call that tells SCons that you want to build an executable program.

That’s it. Now run the scons command to build the program. On a POSIX-compliant system like Linux

or UNIX, you’ll see something like:

% scons

scons: Reading SConscript files ...

scons: done reading SConscript files.

scons: Building targets ...

cc -o hello.o -c hello.c

cc -o hello hello.o

scons: done building targets.

On a Windows system with the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler, you’ll see something like:

C:\>scons

scons: Reading SConscript files ...

scons: done reading SConscript files.

scons: Building targets ...

cl /Fohello.obj /c hello.c /nologo

Chapter 2. Simple Builds

2.5.2. SCons Functions Are Order-Independent

One important way in which the SConstruct ﬁle is not exactly like a normal Python script, and is more

like a Makefile, is that the order in which the SCons functions are called in the SConstruct ﬁle does

not affect the order in which SCons actually builds the programs and object ﬁles you want it to build.

other words, when you call the Program builder (or any other builder method), you’re not telling SCons

to build the program at the instant the builder method is called. Instead, you’re telling SCons to build the

program that you want, for example, a program built from a ﬁle named hello.c, and it’s up to SCons to

build that program (and any other ﬁles) whenever it’s necessary. (We’ll learn more about how SCons

decides when building or rebuilding a ﬁle is necessary in Chapter 6, below.)

SCons reﬂects this distinction between calling a builder method like Program and actually building the

program by printing the status messages that indicate when it’s "just reading" the SConstruct ﬁle, and

when it’s actually building the target ﬁles. This is to make it clear when SCons is executing the Python

statements that make up the SConstruct ﬁle, and when SCons is actually executing the commands or

other actions to build the necessary ﬁles.

Let’s clarify this with an example. Python has a print statement that prints a string of characters to the

screen. If we put print statements around our calls to the Program builder method:

print "Calling Program(’hello.c’)"

Program(’hello.c’)

print "Calling Program(’goodbye.c’)"

Program(’goodbye.c’)

print "Finished calling Program()"

Then when we execute SCons, we see the output from the print statements in between the messages

about reading the SConscript ﬁles, indicating that that is when the Python statements are being

executed:

% scons

scons: Reading SConscript files ...

Calling Program(’hello.c’)

Calling Program(’goodbye.c’)

Finished calling Program()

scons: done reading SConscript files.

scons: Building targets ...

cc -o goodbye.o -c goodbye.c

cc -o goodbye goodbye.o

cc -o hello.o -c hello.c

cc -o hello hello.o

scons: done building targets.

Notice also that SCons built the goodbye program ﬁrst, even though the "reading SConscript" output

shows that we called Program(’hello.c’) ﬁrst in the SConstruct ﬁle.

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