Xcode调试指南：iPhone与Mac开发必备

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“Xcode调试指南，适用于iPhone和Mac平台的开发者，内容涵盖Xcode的调试工具和技巧。” 在iOS和Mac应用开发中，Xcode是一个不可或缺的集成开发环境（IDE）。它提供了强大的调试功能，帮助开发者查找并修复代码中的错误。这份“Xcode Debugging Guide”是针对使用Xcode进行iPhone和Mac平台开发的重要参考资料。以下是该文档可能包含的一些关键知识点： 1. **Xcode IDE基础**：了解Xcode的界面布局，包括项目导航器、源代码编辑器、调试控制台、模拟器或设备视图等。 2. **断点(Breakpoints)**：学习如何设置和管理断点，以便在程序执行到特定行时暂停，便于检查变量状态和调用堆栈。 3. **变量观察(Variables View)**：掌握如何在调试期间查看和修改变量值，包括使用Variables View窗口和快速查看（Quick Look）功能。 4. **步进执行(Stepping)**：了解如何使用Step Into、Step Over和Step Out命令来逐行执行代码，深入理解程序流程。 5. **表达式评估(Expression Evaluation)**：在调试过程中，动态评估表达式以查看结果，这有助于理解和解决问题。 6. **调用堆栈(Call Stack)**：学习阅读和分析调用堆栈，以追踪函数调用路径，理解代码执行上下文。 7. **内存分析(Memory Profiling)**：了解如何检查内存泄漏和异常内存分配，使用Instruments工具进行内存性能优化。 8. **性能调试(Performance Debugging)**：学习使用Time Profiler和其他性能工具来识别代码瓶颈，提升应用性能。 9. **逻辑错误检测(Logical Error Detection)**：理解如何利用条件断点、日志输出等手段找出逻辑错误。 10. **崩溃日志(Crash Logs)**：解析和分析应用崩溃日志，找出导致崩溃的原因。 11. **远程调试(Remote Debugging)**：学习如何通过Xcode连接到真实设备进行远程调试，以测试真实环境下的应用行为。 12. **代码签名和真机测试(Code Signing and Device Testing)**：了解如何配置证书和描述文件，进行真机调试和发布准备。 13. **协同调试(Collaborative Debugging)**：如果是在团队开发环境中，学习如何利用Xcode的协作调试功能与他人共享调试会话。 14. **Swift与Objective-C混合开发调试**：对于涉及Swift和Objective-C的项目，掌握如何在两者之间切换调试，并理解桥接头文件的作用。 15. **自动化测试(Automation Testing)**：学习使用Xcode的UI测试和单元测试框架，如XCTest，建立自动化测试套件以确保代码质量。这份文档全面覆盖了Xcode调试的各个方面，对于任何想要在iPhone或Mac平台上开发应用的程序员来说，都是不可或缺的学习材料。通过深入理解和熟练运用这些调试技巧，开发者能够更高效地定位问题，提高代码质量，打造出稳定且性能优良的应用。

Shows the variables defined in the current scope and their values. This section also shows the current

state of all processor registers when the disassembly view is enabled (see "Viewing Disassembly Code

and Processor Registers" (page 16) for more information).

■ Text editor

This pane displays the source code you are debugging. When execution of your program is paused, the

debugger indicates the line at which execution is paused by displaying the PC indicator, which appears

as a red arrow. The line of code is also highlighted. You can change the color used to highlight the

currently executing statement with the Instruction Pointer Highlight color well in Xcode > Preferences

> Debugging.

The text editor pane offers alternate ways to execute debugging commands. See "Gutter Shortcut

Menu" (page 18) and "Debugger Datatips" (page 19) for details.

■ Status bar

Displays the current status of the debugging session. For example, in the window shown above, Xcode

indicates that GDB has just finished loading symbols for a single shared library.

You can change the layout of the Debugger window by choosing one of the following options:

■ Run > Debugger Display > Horizontal Layout

■ Run > Debugger Display > Vertical Layout

The Debugger Display menu also lets you specify whether to show source code and/or disassembly code.

See "Viewing Disassembly Code and Processor Registers" (page 16) to learn more about viewing disassembly

code.

Troubleshooting Debugger Display

If the debugger does not display source code, try the following:

■ Make sure you have the source. Apple’s frameworks and many third-party libraries don’t include source

code

■ Make sure the product contains debugging information. See “Building for Debugging” in Xcode Project

Management Guide and “Executable-Environment Debugging Information” in Xcode Project Management

Guide.

■ If the file is in the Groups & Files list, make sure its name is not in red (red means Xcode can’t find the

file).

■ If the file is not in the Groups & Files list and your target may need to process it, add the file to the project.

See Files in Projects.

■ If the file is for a library or framework that was built for you, do one of the following:

❏

Place the source file in the same location used by the person who built the library or framework.

When someone builds a debuggable binary, the compiler stores the paths of its source files in the

binary.

❏

Add the directory that contains the file to the source directories list:

1. Open the executable environment Info window.

2. Display the Debugger pane.

The Debugger

CHAPTER 2

Debugging in the Debugger

2. The Type column displays the type of the variable. This column is optional. To display it, choose Debug

> Variables View > Show Types.

3. The Value column shows the contents of the variable. If a variable’s value is in red, it changed when the

application was last active. You can edit the value of any variable; the changed value is used when you

resume execution of your program.

4. The Summary column gives more information on the contents of a variable. It can be a description of

the variable or an English language summary of the variable’s value. For example, if a variable represents

a point, its summary could read “(x = x value, y = y value).” You can edit the summary of a variable by

double-clicking the Summary column or choosing Debug > Variables View > Edit Summary Format. For

a description of how you can format variable summaries, see "Using Data Formatters" (page 39).

Xcode provides predefined data formatters for several data types, including unichar, wchar_t, and

any UTF-16 type.

You can choose which columns the debugger shows in the Variable view; Xcode remembers these columns

across debugging sessions.

Variables in the Variable view are grouped by category, as shown in Figure 2-2. To view variables in any of

these groups, click the disclosure triangle next to that group. These groups are:

■ The Arguments group contains the arguments to the function that is currently selected in the call stack.

■ The Locals group contains the local variables declared in the function that is currently selected in the

call stack.

■ The Globals group shows global variables and their values. By default, there are no global variables in

this section; you must select those variables you want to track in the Globals Browser, described in

"Viewing Global Variables" (page 14).

■ The File Statics group shows file statics, if any. This group is not shown if none are present.

To view or inspect the contents of a structured variable (including arrays and vectors) or an object, click the

disclosure triangle beside the variable’s name. You can also use a data formatter to display a variable’s

contents in the Summary column, as described in "Using Data Formatters" (page 39), or you can view a

variable in its own window. Viewing a variable in its own window is particularly useful for viewing the contents

of complex structured variables. To open a variable in its own window, double-click the variable’s name or

select it and choose Debug > Variables View > View Variable in Window.

To learn how to view variables in the text editor, see "Debugger Datatips" (page 19).

Viewing Global Variables

The Variable list contains a Globals group, which is initially empty. You can choose which global variables to

display in the Globals group using the Globals Browser, shown in Figure 2-3. The Globals Browser lets you

search for global variables by library.

Viewing Variables in the Debugger

CHAPTER 2

Debugging in the Debugger

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