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使用指南:Enterprise Architect建模工具
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更新于2024-07-27
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"建模工具EA的使用指南"
Enterprise Architect是一款由Sparx Systems Pty Ltd开发的直观、灵活且功能强大的UML分析和设计工具,主要用于构建稳健且可维护的软件系统。它覆盖了从需求收集、分析、建模、实施、测试到部署和维护的全过程,是一个全功能的多用户UML建模工具,能够确保软件项目的长期成功。
该工具的核心特性包括:
1. **需求管理**:Enterprise Architect支持对项目需求进行详细的记录、跟踪和管理,帮助团队确保软件开发与业务需求的一致性。
2. **UML建模**:提供全面的UML2.5支持,包括用例图、类图、序列图、状态图、组件图等多种图表,帮助用户以可视化方式理解和设计复杂系统。
3. **协作与共享**:通过版本控制和权限管理,使得多个团队成员可以同时编辑模型,确保团队间的协作效率。
4. **代码生成与逆向工程**:能够自动生成源代码,也可以从现有代码中逆向工程出模型,实现模型与代码的双向同步。
5. **测试管理**:集成测试用例设计和执行,便于测试驱动开发(TDD)和行为驱动开发(BDD)。
6. **持续集成**:通过与其他开发工具(如IDEs、版本控制系统等)的接口,实现无缝集成,支持持续集成流程。
7. **数据建模**:支持数据库建模,包括ER图,可用于设计和管理数据库结构。
8. **业务流程建模**:BPMN(业务流程模型和符号)的支持,允许用户描绘业务流程并进行流程优化。
9. **架构与系统设计**:提供系统架构设计能力,包括硬件、网络和分布式系统的建模。
10. **文档生成**:可以自动生成详细的项目文档,如需求规格书、设计说明书等,简化文档编写工作。
在使用Enterprise Architect时,用户需要遵循版权规定,未经许可,不能以任何形式复制或传播。同时,文档中提及的产品可能是各自所有者的商标或注册商标,出版商和作者对此不作任何权利主张。尽管在文档编写过程中已采取了充分的谨慎措施,但用户仍需根据实际情况评估信息的准确性和适用性。
总体而言,Enterprise Architect是一个强大的工具,它提供了一套全面的解决方案,帮助IT专业人员从不同角度理解、设计和实现软件系统,促进高效的软件开发过程。通过深入理解和熟练运用,用户可以充分利用其功能来提升软件开发的质量和效率。
ContentsXIII
Enterprise Architect User Guide
......................................................................................................................................................... 891
Attribute Tagged Values
......................................................................................................................................................... 892
Create Properties
......................................................................................................................................................... 893
C# Automatic Property Support
......................................................................................................................................................... 895
Display Inherited Attributes
......................................................................................................................................................... 896
Create Object From Attribute
.......................................................................................................................................................... 898Object Classifiers
......................................................................................................................................................... 899
Using Classifiers
.......................................................................................................................................................... 899Behavior
......................................................................................................................................................... 900
Operations
......................................................................................................................................... 901Operations Dialog - General
................................................................................................................................... 904
Operations Dialog - Behavior
................................................................................................................................... 906
Initial Code
................................................................................................................................... 906
Operations Dialog - Constraints
......................................................................................................................................... 907Operation Tagged Values
......................................................................................................................................... 908Override Parent Operations
......................................................................................................................................... 908Display Inherited Operations
......................................................................................................................................................... 910
Interactions and Activities
......................................................................................................................................................... 910
Behavior Calls
......................................................................................................................................... 911Associate w ith Different Behaviors
......................................................................................................................................... 911Synchronize Arguments
......................................................................................................................................................... 912
Behavior Call Arguments
......................................................................................................................................................... 912
Behavior Parameters
......................................................................................................................................... 913Parameters Dialog
................................................................................................................................... 914
Parameter Tagged Values
......................................................................................................................................... 915Operation Parameters by Reference
.......................................................................................................................................................... 916In-place Editing Options
......................................................................................................................................................... 916
In-place Editing Tasks
......................................................................................................................................................... 918
Edit Element Item Name
......................................................................................................................................................... 919
Edit Feature Stereotype
......................................................................................................................................................... 920
Edit Feature Scope
......................................................................................................................................................... 921
Edit Attribute Keyw ord
......................................................................................................................................................... 922
Edit Operation Parameter Keyw ord
......................................................................................................................................................... 923
Edit Parameter Kind
......................................................................................................................................................... 924
Insert New Feature
......................................................................................................................................................... 924
Insert Operation Parameter
......................................................................................................................................................... 925
Insert Maintenance Feature
......................................................................................................................................................... 926
Insert Testing Features
.......................................................................................................................................................... 928Linked Documents
......................................................................................................................................................... 929
Create Document Artifact
......................................................................................................................................................... 929
Link Document to UML Element
......................................................................................................................................................... 930
Edit Linked Documents
......................................................................................................................................................... 931
Hyperlink From Linked Document
......................................................................................................................................................... 932
Create Element From Document
......................................................................................................................................................... 933
Replace or Delete Documents
......................................................................................................................................................... 934
Create Linked Document Templates
......................................................................................................................................................... 934
Edit Linked Document Templates
................................................................................................................................... 936Connectors
.......................................................................................................................................................... 936Connector Context Menu
......................................................................................................................................................... 937
Properties Menu Section
......................................................................................................................................................... 938
Type-Specific Menu Section
......................................................................................................................................................... 939
Advanced Menu Section
......................................................................................................................................................... 940
Style Menu Section
......................................................................................................................................................... 941
Appearance Menu Section
.......................................................................................................................................................... 942Connector Tasks
......................................................................................................................................................... 943
Connect Elements
......................................................................................................................................................... 944
Connect to Element Feature
......................................................................................................................................................... 946
Add a Note to a Connector
......................................................................................................................................................... 946
Arrange Connectors
XIVContents
© 1998-2011 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd
......................................................................................................................................................... 947
Change Connector Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 947
Change the Source or Target Element
......................................................................................................................................................... 948
Connector Styles
......................................................................................................................................................... 952
Create Connector in Project Brow ser
......................................................................................................................................................... 953
Relationship Visibility
......................................................................................................................................................... 954
Delete Connectors
......................................................................................................................................................... 955
Generalization Sets
......................................................................................................................................................... 955
Hide/Show Connectors
......................................................................................................................................................... 957
Hide/Show Labels
......................................................................................................................................................... 957
Connector In-place Editing Options
......................................................................................................................................................... 958
Reverse Connector
......................................................................................................................................................... 958
Set Association Specializations
......................................................................................................................................................... 959
Change Sequence Message Scope
......................................................................................................................................................... 959
Show Uses Arrow Head
......................................................................................................................................................... 960
Tree Style Hierarchy
.......................................................................................................................................................... 961Connector Properties
......................................................................................................................................................... 963
Connector Constraints
......................................................................................................................................................... 964
Binding
......................................................................................................................................................... 964
Source Role
......................................................................................................................................................... 967
Target Role
......................................................................................................................................................... 967
Connector Tagged Values
......................................................................................................................................................... 968
Connector Advanced
................................................................................................................................... 969Tagged Values
.......................................................................................................................................................... 971Quick Add - Tagged Value To Elements
.......................................................................................................................................................... 972Assign a Tagged Value to an Item
.......................................................................................................................................................... 973Assign Notes to a Tagged Value
.......................................................................................................................................................... 973Modify Tagged Values
.......................................................................................................................................................... 974Show Duplicate Tags
.......................................................................................................................................................... 975Advanced Tag Management
................................................................................................................................... 977Notes
.......................................................................................................................................................... 979Notes Toolbar
................................................................................................................................... 981Reference Data
.......................................................................................................................................................... 981UML Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 982
Stereotype Settings
......................................................................................................................................... 984Shape Editor
......................................................................................................................................................... 985
Tagged Value Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 986
Cardinality
......................................................................................................................................................... 987
Data Types
.......................................................................................................................................................... 989People
......................................................................................................................................................... 989
Project Authors
......................................................................................................................................... 990Select Users
......................................................................................................................................................... 991
Project Roles
......................................................................................................................................................... 992
Project Resources
......................................................................................................................................................... 993
Project Clients
.......................................................................................................................................................... 995General Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 995
Status Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 997
Constraint Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 998
Constraint Status Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 998
Requirement Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 999
Scenario Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 1000
Metrics and Estimation
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1001Maintenance
......................................................................................................................................................... 1001
Problem Types
......................................................................................................................................................... 1002
Testing Types
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1003Resources
......................................................................................................................................................... 1005
Favorites
ContentsXV
Enterprise Architect User Guide
Part VI Standard UML Models
1008
................................................................................................................................... 1010UML Diagrams
................................................................................................................................... 1011UML Structural Models
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1011Package Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1013
Example Package Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1014Class Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1015
Example Class Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1015Object Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1016
Example Object Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1017Composite Structure Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1018
Example Composite Structure Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1019
Properties
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1020Deployment Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1021
Example Deployment Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1023Component Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1024
Example Component Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1025Profile Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1026
Example Profile Diagram
................................................................................................................................... 1027UML Behavioral Models
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1028Activity Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1029
Example Activity Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1030Use Case Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1032
Example Use Case Diagram
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1032State Machines
......................................................................................................................................................... 1034
Example State Machine
......................................................................................................................................................... 1037
Pseudo-States
......................................................................................................................................................... 1037
Regions
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1038State Machine Table
......................................................................................................................................................... 1039
State Machine Table Options
......................................................................................................................................................... 1042
State Machine Table Operations
......................................................................................................................................... 1042Change State Machine Table Position
......................................................................................................................................... 1043Change State Machine Table Size
......................................................................................................................................... 1043Insert New State
......................................................................................................................................... 1044Insert Trigger
......................................................................................................................................... 1045Insert/Change Transition
......................................................................................................................................... 1046Reposition State or Trigger Cells
......................................................................................................................................... 1046Add Legend
......................................................................................................................................... 1047Find Cell in State Machine Diagram
......................................................................................................................................... 1047State Machine Table Conventions
......................................................................................................................................... 1048Export State Table To CSV File
......................................................................................................................................................... 1049
Example State-Trigger Table
......................................................................................................................................................... 1050
Example State-Next State Table
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1051Timing Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1052
Example Timing Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1053
Create a Timing Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1053
Set a Time Range
......................................................................................................................................................... 1054
Edit a Timing Diagram
......................................................................................................................................... 1054Add and Edit State Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................... 1055Add States to a State Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................... 1056Edit States in a State Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................... 1057Delete States in a State Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................... 1057Edit Transitions In State Lifeline
................................................................................................................................... 1058
Add and Move Transitions
......................................................................................................................................... 1060Add and Edit Value Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................... 1061Add States In Value Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................... 1061Edit Transitions In Value Lifeline
XVIContents
© 1998-2011 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd
......................................................................................................................................... 1062Configure Timeline - States
......................................................................................................................................... 1064Numeric Range Generator
......................................................................................................................................... 1065Configure Timeline - Transitions
......................................................................................................................................................... 1066
Time Intervals
......................................................................................................................................... 1067Create Time Intervals
......................................................................................................................................... 1069Compress Time Intervals
......................................................................................................................................... 1070Select Time Intervals
......................................................................................................................................... 1071Time Interval Operations
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1074Sequence Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1076
Example Sequence Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1076
Denote Lifecycle of an Element
......................................................................................................................................................... 1077
Layout of Sequence Diagrams
......................................................................................................................................................... 1078
Sequence Elements
......................................................................................................................................................... 1079
Sequence Diagrams and Version Control
......................................................................................................................................................... 1080
Sequence Element Activation
......................................................................................................................................................... 1082
Lifeline Activation Levels
......................................................................................................................................................... 1083
Sequence Message Label Visibility
......................................................................................................................................................... 1083
Change the Top Margin
......................................................................................................................................................... 1084
Inline Sequence Elements
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1084Communication Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1085
Example Communication Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1086
Communication Diagrams in Color
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1087Interaction Overview Diagram
......................................................................................................................................................... 1088
Example Interaction Overview Diagram
................................................................................................................................... 1090UML Elements
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1090Behavioral Diagram Elements
......................................................................................................................................................... 1091
Action
......................................................................................................................................... 1093Local Pre/Post Conditions
......................................................................................................................................... 1095Action Notation
......................................................................................................................................... 1097Action Pin
......................................................................................................................................... 1098Assign Action Pins
......................................................................................................................................... 1099Action Expansion Node
......................................................................................................................................... 1100Class Operations in Activity Diagrams
......................................................................................................................................................... 1101
Activity
......................................................................................................................................... 1103Activity Notation
......................................................................................................................................... 1103Activity Parameter Nodes
......................................................................................................................................... 1105Activity Partition
......................................................................................................................................................... 1107
Actor
......................................................................................................................................................... 1107
Central Buffer Node
......................................................................................................................................................... 1108
Choice
......................................................................................................................................................... 1110
Combined Fragment
......................................................................................................................................... 1112Create a Combined Fragment
......................................................................................................................................... 1113Interaction Operators
......................................................................................................................................................... 1116
Datastore
......................................................................................................................................................... 1117
Decision
......................................................................................................................................................... 1119
Diagram Frame
......................................................................................................................................................... 1120
Diagram Gate
......................................................................................................................................................... 1121
Endpoint
......................................................................................................................................................... 1123
Entry Point
......................................................................................................................................................... 1123
Exception
......................................................................................................................................................... 1124
Expansion Region
......................................................................................................................................................... 1126
Exit Point
......................................................................................................................................................... 1127
Final
......................................................................................................................................................... 1128
Flow Final
......................................................................................................................................................... 1130
Fork/Join
......................................................................................................................................... 1131Fork
......................................................................................................................................... 1133Join
......................................................................................................................................................... 1134
History
ContentsXVII
Enterprise Architect User Guide
......................................................................................................................................................... 1136
Initial
......................................................................................................................................................... 1137
Interaction
......................................................................................................................................................... 1139
Interaction Occurrence
......................................................................................................................................................... 1141
Interruptible Activity Region
......................................................................................................................................................... 1142
Junction
......................................................................................................................................................... 1144
Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................................... 1145
Merge
......................................................................................................................................................... 1145
Message Endpoint
......................................................................................................................................................... 1146
Message Label
......................................................................................................................................................... 1147
Note
......................................................................................................................................................... 1148
Partition
......................................................................................................................................................... 1149
Receive
......................................................................................................................................................... 1150
Region
......................................................................................................................................................... 1151
Send
......................................................................................................................................................... 1152
State
......................................................................................................................................... 1153Composite State
......................................................................................................................................................... 1155
State/Continuation
......................................................................................................................................... 1155Continuation
......................................................................................................................................... 1157State Invariant
......................................................................................................................................................... 1158
State Lifeline
......................................................................................................................................................... 1161
State Machine
......................................................................................................................................................... 1161
Structured Activity
......................................................................................................................................... 1163Structured Node
......................................................................................................................................... 1164Sequential Node
......................................................................................................................................... 1164Loop Node
......................................................................................................................................... 1168Conditional Node
......................................................................................................................................................... 1169
Synch
......................................................................................................................................................... 1170
System Boundary
......................................................................................................................................... 1171Boundary Element Settings
......................................................................................................................................................... 1172
Terminate
......................................................................................................................................................... 1173
Trigger
......................................................................................................................................................... 1174
Use Case
......................................................................................................................................... 1176Use Case Extension Points
......................................................................................................................................... 1177Rectangle Notation
......................................................................................................................................................... 1177
Value Lifeline
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1179Structural Diagram Elements
......................................................................................................................................................... 1179
Artifact
......................................................................................................................................... 1180Create Artifact For External File
......................................................................................................................................................... 1181
Class
......................................................................................................................................... 1182Active Classes
......................................................................................................................................... 1183Parameterized Classes (Templates)
......................................................................................................................................................... 1184
Collaboration
......................................................................................................................................................... 1186
Collaboration Use
......................................................................................................................................................... 1187
Component
......................................................................................................................................................... 1188
Data Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 1189
Deployment Spec
......................................................................................................................................................... 1190
Device
......................................................................................................................................................... 1191
Document Artifact
......................................................................................................................................................... 1191
Enumeration
......................................................................................................................................................... 1192
Execution Environment
......................................................................................................................................................... 1193
Expose Interface
......................................................................................................................................................... 1194
Information Item
......................................................................................................................................................... 1194
Interface
......................................................................................................................................................... 1196
Node
......................................................................................................................................................... 1196
Object
......................................................................................................................................... 1197Run-time State
................................................................................................................................... 1198
Define a Run-time Variable
................................................................................................................................... 1198
Remove a Defined Variable
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