HTML5游戏开发入门

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"《Introducing HTML5 Game Development》是由Jesse Freeman编著的一本书，主要关注HTML5游戏开发领域。本书介绍了如何利用HTML5技术创建游戏，并提供了详细的知识点和指导。" 在HTML5游戏开发中，核心知识点包括： 1. **HTML5 Canvas**：HTML5中的Canvas元素是一个基于矢量图形的画布，允许开发者通过JavaScript进行动态图形绘制，是制作游戏画面的基础。书中可能详细讲解了Canvas的基本API，如绘图路径、填充和描边、图像处理以及动画创建。 2. **WebGL**：WebGL是一种在浏览器中实现3D图形渲染的API，基于OpenGL标准。开发者可以利用WebGL创建复杂的3D游戏场景。书中可能会介绍如何设置WebGL环境，创建几何体，纹理映射，光照等概念。 3. **Audio API**：HTML5 Audio API使得在网页中播放和控制音频变得简单。开发者可以实现游戏音效和背景音乐的无缝集成。书里会涵盖如何加载、播放、暂停和控制音频，以及音效处理技巧。 4. **Web Storage and IndexedDB**：HTML5提供了本地存储机制，如Web Storage（包括localStorage和sessionStorage）和IndexedDB，用于游戏数据的持久化，例如用户进度、得分记录等。书中可能解释了如何使用这些存储机制，以及最佳实践。 5. **Web Workers**：Web Workers使开发者可以在后台线程中执行计算密集型任务，提高游戏性能。书中会讨论如何使用Web Workers来避免阻塞主线程，实现更流畅的游戏体验。 6. **Game Mechanics**：Jesse Freeman的书可能会涵盖游戏设计的基本原理，如碰撞检测、物理引擎、AI算法以及游戏循环。这些都是构建交互式游戏的关键部分。 7. **框架和库**：HTML5游戏开发有许多工具和框架，如Phaser、Three.js等，可以帮助简化开发过程。书里可能推荐并介绍了这些工具，以及如何利用它们来快速开发游戏。 8. **响应式设计**：考虑到游戏可能在不同设备上运行，响应式设计确保游戏在各种屏幕尺寸和分辨率下都能正常工作。书中可能涵盖了适应性布局和触控事件的处理。 9. **跨平台兼容性**：HTML5游戏的一大优势在于其跨平台特性，能在桌面浏览器、移动设备甚至电视上运行。书中会讨论如何测试和优化游戏，以确保在多个平台上表现良好。 10. **最佳实践和调试**：有效的开发流程、代码组织和调试技术对于高效游戏开发至关重要。作者可能分享了他在HTML5游戏开发中的经验，提供了一些实用技巧和建议。通过深入阅读《Introducing HTML5 Game Development》，开发者不仅可以掌握HTML5游戏开发的技术细节，还能了解到游戏开发的整体流程，从而具备创建吸引人的、功能丰富的HTML5游戏的能力。

Tools you will need:

PHP

For saving levels created with Weltmeister.

Apache

For locally hosting and testing your game.

IDEs

Impact has no IDE dependencies; you can create your games with any simple text

editor. I prefer to use WebStorm or PHPStorm since these IDEs, which are made

by JetBrains, offer code hinting, project management, refactoring, and debugging.

Browsers

Impact works very well on WebKit browsers, especially Chrome, but any modern

browser with support for Canvas and the Audio tag should also work.

Setting Up a Local Environment

Before getting started, we are going to have to set up a simple Web development envi-

ronment in order to take full advantage of Impact and its level editor. Plus, by setting

up a local development environment, we can simulate what it will be like to host the

game in a production environment. Let’s take a look at configuring Apache, the IDE,

and Impact itself.

Install WebStorm/PHPStorm

While you can use any basic text editor, I prefer to use an IDE that offers a more robust

set of features such as code hinting, refactoring, project management, version control

integration, and a debugger. JetBrains has two IDEs that both handle JavaScript/

HTML5 development. If you only plan on doing JavaScript development, I would sug-

gest using WebStorm. If you need to do HTML5 and PHP development (which comes

in handy since Impact’s level editor uses PHP) you should look at PHPStorm.

Installing these applications is straightforward. Here are URLs for each IDE:

WebStorm

http://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm

PHPStorm

http://www.jetbrains.com/phpstorm

Each IDE has a 30-day trial and after the trial costs $99 for a license. There are a lot of

resources out there on how to use each IDE, so I am not going to cover it here.

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction To Impact

15 #canvas {

16 position: absolute;

17 left: 0;

18 right: 0;

19 top: 0;

20 bottom: 0;

21 margin: auto;

22 border: 1px solid #555;

23 }

24 </style>

26 <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/impact/impact.js"></script>

27 <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/game/main.js"></script>

28 </head>

29 <body>

30 <canvas id="canvas"></canvas>

31 </body>

32 </html>

Outside of the style tag, you may notice there isn’t a lot of code actually embedded in

the page. We have two script tags that load in the impact.js framework and our

main.js JavaScript file. Finally the only tag in body is the Canvas element.

The Canvas element is part of the HTML5 spec and is what actually

allows Impact to run in the browsers. Think of the canvas as an image

that we can draw bitmap data into. Impact takes care of all the under-

lying code we would have had to write in order to display game graphics

to the screen. You can learn more about how the Canvas tag works at

http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the

-canvas-element.html#the-canvas-element. It’s also important to note

that the Canvas element only works in modern browsers such as

Chrome 13+, Safari 3.2+, Firefox 6+ and IE 9+. For a full list of browsers

that support the Canvas element, go to http://caniuse.com/#search=can

vas.

You can also add your own HTML code around the Canvas element and design this

page to look like any other HTML file. Just keep in mind that we use the canvas id in

our game in order to tell impact where to render our game’s graphics to, so don’t change

it unless you update your game’s initialization logic.

Now we are ready to learn more about the Impact framework.

Modules

Impact’s source code is organized into modules. Since JavaScript itself does not have

an include() function that can load other JavaScript source files into an object, Impact

has its own system. A module typically looks like this:

6 | Chapter 1: Introduction To Impact

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