Physics Letters B 761 (2016) 242–246
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Reconciling Planck with the local value of H
0
in extended parameter
space
Eleonora Di Valentino
a,∗
, Alessandro Melchiorri
b
, Joseph Silk
a,c,d,e
a
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (UMR7095: CNRS & UPMC-Sorbonne Universities), F-75014, Paris, France
b
Physics Department and INFN, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
c
AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/IRFU, CNRS, Univ. Paris VII, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
d
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
e
BIPAC, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
20 June 2016
Received
in revised form 3 August 2016
Accepted
6 August 2016
Available
online 24 August 2016
Editor:
H. Peiris
The recent determination of the local value of the Hubble constant by Riess et al., 2016 (hereafter R16) is
now 3.3sigma higher than the value derived from the most recent CMB anisotropy data provided by the
Planck satellite in a CDM model. Here we perform a combined analysis of the Planck and R16 results in
an extended parameter space, varying simultaneously 12 cosmological parameters instead of the usual 6.
We find that a phantom-like dark energy component, with effective equation of state w =−1.29
+0.15
−0.12
at 68% c.l. can solve the current tension b etween the Planck dataset and the R16 prior in an extended
CDM scenario. On the other hand, the neutrino effective number is fully compatible with standard
expectations. This result is confirmed when including cosmic shear data from the CFHTLenS survey and
CMB lensing constraints from Planck. However, when BAO measurements are included we find that some
of the tension with R16 remains, as also is the case when we include the supernova type Ia luminosity
distances from the JLA catalog.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
Since the first data release of 2013 ([1]), the constraints on
the Hubble constant coming from the Planck satellite have been
in significant tension with the results of Riess et al., 2011 ([2],
hereafter R11), based on direct measurements made with the Hub-
ble
Space Telescope. This tension was further confirmed in the
2015 Planck data release [3]. Assuming standard CDM the Planck
data gives H
0
= 67.27 ± 0.66 km/s/Mpc that is about two stan-
dard
deviations away from the Riess et al., 2011 value of H
0
=
73.8 ± 2.4km/s/Mpc ([2]).
Given
that the Planck constraint is derived under the assump-
tion
of the “standard” CDM model, alarge number of authors
(including the Planck collaboration itself, see [1] and [3])have
proposed several different mechanisms to explain this tension by
considering, for example, an increased value in the effective num-
ber
of relativistic particles N
ef f
([4]), phantom dark energy (see
e.g. [1]), interacting dark energy ([5]), or cosmic voids ([6]). Cos-
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
address: valentin@iap.fr (E. Di Valentino).
mic variance can affect the local measurement ([7]), but probably
introduces too small uncertainty to explain the discrepancy ([8]).
On
the other hand, Efstathiou ([9]) questioned the reliability of
some fraction of the Riess et al. (2011) dataset. Using the revised
geometric maser distance to NGC 4258 and neglecting the Large
Magellanic Cloud and Milky Way distance anchors, Efstathiou de-
rived
a conservative constraint of 70.6 ± 3.3km/s/Mpc at 68% c.l.
(EST14, hereafter), consistent in between one σ with the Planck
result. Therefore, he concluded in [9] that the discrepancies be-
tween
the Planck results and the R11 measurements were not
large enough to provide significant evidence for deviations from
CDM.
However,
the recent analysis of [10] (R16, hereafter), confirmed
and improved the constraint presented in [2] with H
0
= 73.24 ±
1.74 km/s/Mpc at 68% c.l., finding no compelling argument to not
combine the three distance anchors as in [9] and including a de-
tailed
discussion of possible systematics. At the same time, the
new constraints on the reionization optical depth, obtained with
Planck HFI data [11], bring the Planck constraint on H
0
to an even
lower value, with H
0
= 66.93 ± 0.62 km/s/Mpc at 68% c.l. (see Ta-
ble 8
in [11]). The new R16 value, which we may refer to as the
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.08.043
0370-2693/
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.