探索WebGL与Three.js：JavaScript的3D图形开发指南

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"three.js WebGL 是一个开源的 JavaScript 3D 图形库，专为 Web 浏览器设计，使得开发者能够在网页上创建和渲染出令人惊叹的 3D 动画和图形。本书《Learning Three.js》由 Jos Dirksen 编写，提供了一个全面的指南，旨在帮助读者掌握这个强大的工具。书中深入讲解了如何利用 three.js 在 Web 上构建沉浸式体验，包括基本概念、核心组件、渲染管线、动画技术以及高级应用实例。在学习过程中，读者将学会如何设置场景（Scene）、相机（Camera）和灯光（Lighting），创建几何体（如立方体、球体等）、纹理映射（Texture Mapping）和材质（Material）。three.js 提供了对 WebGPU 和 WebGL2 的支持，这使得处理复杂场景和性能优化成为可能。此外，书中还会涉及如何通过动画系统（Animation System）创建平滑的交互式运动，并介绍如何与用户交互、事件处理和响应。尽管本书力求准确性，但需要明确的是，由于软件技术的不断更新，书中的信息可能会随着时间而有所变化。作者和 Packt Publishing 不承担因使用本内容导致的任何直接或间接损失的责任。所有内容均受版权保护，未经事先书面许可，不得复制、存储或以任何形式传播。对于商标信息，尽管书中尽可能地进行了正确标注，但Packt Publishing 并不能保证其准确性。《Learning Three.js》是一本实用且详尽的教程，适合希望进入 Web 3D 开发领域的初学者和进阶开发者，是提升 Web 应用视觉效果和用户体验的重要参考资料。"

Preface

In the last couple of years, browsers have gotten more powerful and are capable

platforms to deliver complex applications and graphics. Most of this, though, is

standard 2D graphics. Most modern browsers have adopted WebGL, which allows

you to not only create 2D applications and graphics in the browser, but also create

beautiful and good performing 3D applications, using the capabilities of the GPU.

Programming WebGL directly, however, is very complex. You need to know the

inner details of WebGL and learn a complex shader language to get the most out of

WebGL. The Three.js library provides a very easy-to-use JavaScript API based on the

features of WebGL, so that you can create beautiful 3D graphics, without having to

learn the WebGL details.

The Three.js library provides a large number of features and APIs that you can use

to create 3D scenes directly in your browser. In this book you'll learn all the different

APIs that the Three.js library has to offer through lots of interactive examples and

code samples.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Creating Your First 3D Scene with Three.js, covers the basic steps that you

need to take to get started with the Three.js library. You'll immediately create your

rst Three.js scene and at the end of this chapter, you'll be able to create and animate

your rst 3D scene directly in the browser.

Chapter 2, Working with the Basic Components That Make Up a Three.js Scene, explains

the basic components that you need to understand while working with the Three.js

library. You'll learn about lights, meshes, geometries, materials, and cameras. In this

chapter you will also get an overview of the different lights that the Three.js library

provides and the cameras you can use in your scene.

Preface

[ 2 ]

Chapter 3, Working with the Different Light Sources Available in Three.js, dives deeper

into the different lights that you can use in your scene. It shows examples and

explains how to use a SpotLight, DirectionLight, AmbientLight, PointLight,

HemisphereLight, and AreaLight sources. Additionally, it also shows how to

apply a LensFlare effect on your light source.

Chapter 4, Working with the Three.js Materials, talks about the materials available in

the Three.js library that you can use in your meshes. It shows all the properties that

you can set to congure the materials for your specic use and provides interactive

examples to experiment with the materials that are available in the Three.js library.

Chapter 5, Learning to Work with Geometries, is the rst of two chapters that explores all

the geometries that are provided by the Three.js library. In this chapter you'll learn

how to create and congure geometries in Three.js and you can experiment by using

the provided interactive examples, with geometries such as plane, circle, shape, cube,

sphere, cylinder, Torus, TorusKnot, and PolyHedron.

Chapter 6, Using Advanced Geometries and Binary Operations, continues where Chapter 5

left off. It shows you how to congure and use the more advanced geometries that are

provided by the Three.js library such as Convex and Lathe. In this chapter you'll also

learn how to extrude 3D geometries from the 2D shapes and how you can create new

geometries by combining geometries using binary operations.

Chapter 7, Particles and the Particle System, explains how to use the particle system

from the Three.js library. You'll learn how to create a particle system from scratch,

and from the existing geometries. In this chapter you'll also learn how you can

modify the way the particles look through the use of sprites and particle materials.

Chapter 8, Creating and Loading Advanced Meshes and Geometries, shows you how to

import meshes and geometries from external sources. You'll learn how to use the

Three.js library internal JSON format in order to save the geometries and scenes. This

chapter also explains how to load models from formats like OBJ, DAE, STL, CTM,

and PLY.

Chapter 9, Animations and Moving the Camera, explores the various types of animations

that you can use to make your scene come to life. You'll learn how to use the Tween.

js library together with Three.js, and you'll learn how to work with the animation

models based on morphs and skeletons.

Chapter 10, Loading and Working with Textures, expands on Chapter 4 where materials

were introduced. In this chapter we will dive into the details of textures. It introduces

the various types of textures that are available and how you can control a texture that

is applied to your mesh. Additionally in this chapter, you are shown how you can

directly use the output from the HTML5 video and canvas elements as input for

your textures.

Preface

[ 3 ]

Chapter 11, Custom Shaders and Render Post Processing, explores how you can use the

Three.js library to apply the post processing effects to your rendered scene. With post

processing you can apply effects, such as blur, tilt shift, and sepia to your rendered

scene. Besides this, you'll also learn how to create your own post processing effect

and create a custom vertex and fragment shader.

Chapter 12, Adding Physics to Your Scene with Physijs, explains how you can add

physics to your Three.js scene. With physics, you can detect collisions between

objects, make them respond to gravity, and apply friction. This chapter shows

how to do so with the Physics JavaScript library.

What you need for this book

All that you need for this book is a text editor (for example, Sublime Text Editor) to

play around with the examples and a modern web browser to access the examples.

Some examples require a local web server, but you'll learn in Chapter 1 how to set up

a very lightweight web server to use with the examples in this book.

Disclaimer:

Before we get started, a quick note on possible problems with the

examples in this book. In Chapter 1 we give an overview of the browser

support for WebGL, which is needed for Three.js. Modern browsers such

as Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer have good support for this

standard. There is, however, something you need to take into account.

When newer versions of browsers appear, they sometimes break support

for specic features of WebGL. For instance, as of nalizing this book,

Chrome and Firefox on Windows 7 have issues with the examples of

Chapter 11. So make sure to upgrade to the latest versions of Chrome and

Firefox before trying these examples.

Who this book is for

This book is great for everyone who already knows JavaScript and wants to

start with creating 3D graphics that run in any browser. You don't need to know

anything about advanced math or WebGL, all that is needed is a general knowledge

of JavaScript and HTML. The required materials and examples can be freely

downloaded and all the tools used in this book are open source. So if you've ever

wanted to learn how to create beautiful, interactive 3D graphics that run in any

modern browser, this is the book for you.

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探索WebGL与Three.js：JavaScript的3D图形开发指南

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