高折射率微球透镜远场成像特性实验研究

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"实验远场高折射率微球透镜的成像特性" 本文详细探讨了高折射率微球透镜在与物体空间分离状态下的远场成像特性。实验研究发现，对于间隔为300纳米的蓝光光盘，即使微球透镜与物体之间的距离增加到5.4微米，这种高折射率的微透镜仍能识别出物体样本的图案。这表明此类微透镜具有较强的分辨率和适应性。当距离从0微米逐渐增加到5.4微米时，直径为24微米的微球透镜的横向放大倍率从3.5倍增加到5.5倍。这个变化揭示了微球透镜在不同工作距离下具有可调的放大能力。然而，随着距离的增加，视场（field of view）从5.1微米减小到3.0微米，这表明尽管放大效果增强，但观察区域的覆盖范围相应减小。文章作者包括郭茗磊、叶永宏、侯金雷和杜斌涛，分别来自南京师范大学物理系和安徽科技学院光电工程系。文章于2015年5月28日提交，经过修订后于同年10月6日接受，并于11月16日发表。研究强调了通过调整微球透镜与物体间的距离，可以控制光学图像的质量和特性，这对于微尺度光学成像系统的设计和应用具有重要意义。高折射率微球透镜的这种独特性质使得它们在微光学和几何显微镜领域具有潜在的应用价值。例如，它们可以用于高密度数据存储系统的读取，生物医学成像，以及纳米结构的检测。此外，由于其能够在远场实现成像，这些微透镜可能成为传统显微镜技术的有力补充，尤其是在那些需要非接触式或远程操作的场合。这项研究揭示了高折射率微球透镜的远场成像性能，提供了关于如何优化这些微透镜以适应不同应用场景的宝贵信息。通过对微球透镜与物体距离的精确控制，科学家们可以进一步提升微尺度成像系统的分辨率和灵活性，从而推动微纳米技术的发展。

Experimental far-field imaging properties of high

refractive index microsphere lens

Minglei Guo,

1,2

Yong-Hong Ye,

* Jinglei Hou,

and Bintao Du

Department of Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China

Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China

*Corresponding author: yeyonghong@njnu.edu.cn

Received May 28, 2015; revised September 8, 2015; accepted October 6, 2015;

posted October 8, 2015 (Doc. ID 241979); published November 16, 2015

The far-field imaging properties of a high index microsphere lens spatially separated from the object are exper-

imentally studied. Our experimental results show that, for a Blu-ray disk whose spacing is 300 nm, the high index

microsphere lens also can discern the patterns of the object sample when the distance between the lens and the

object is up to 5.4 μm. When the distance is increased from 0 to 5.4 μm, for the microsphere lens with a diameter of

24 μm, the lateral magnification increases from 3.5×to5.5×, while the field of view decreases from 5.1 to 3.0 μm. By

varying the distance between the lens and the object, the optical image can be optimized. We also indicate that the

far-field imaging capability of a high index microsphere lens is dependent on the electromagnetic field intensity

OCIS codes: (350.3950) Micro-optics; (080.0080) Geometric optics; (180.0180) Microscopy; (220.3630)

Lenses.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.3.000339

1. INTRODUCTION

Many novel optical properties of a microsphere lens such as

photonic nanojets [1–3], whisper gallery modes [4], Poynting

field [5,6], light compression [7], and super-resolution imaging

[8–17] have been observed. Microsphere-assisted microscopy

is a simple and effective approach to obtain super-resolution

imaging. This technique has the potential to apply label-free

[11] and fluorescent biomedical imaging [12] in real time

under white light illumination. Schwartz et al. have success-

fully obtained single molecule imaging by using a high refrac-

tive index TiO

colloid with a diameter of 2 μm[13]. Lee et al.

have observed near-field focusing and magnification through

a microsphere lens and indicated that there is a connection

between the super-resolution capability of the lens and the

super-strength focus in the near field [14]. Wang et al. have

experimentally demonstrated that a microsphere with a low

refractive index n∼1.46 in the diameter range of 2–9 μm

can be used to collect and magnify subdiffraction limited fea-

tures, and the lateral resolution is up to 50 nm [15]. The micro-

scale spherical lens can capture the subdiffraction limited

details of an object, magnify it, and form a virtual image under-

neath the surface of the microsphere lens by converting the

high spatial frequency components of the evanescent field

into a propagating wave. Recent experiments demonstrate

that, when the low refractive index microsphere lens is semi-

immersed in a liquid droplet, the super-resolution capability

can be reinforced, thus forming a sharper contrast image

[16]. The fully immersed microsphere lens with high refractive

index also can discern the fine structures with a minimum size

of ∼λ∕7, and the field of view (FOV) is large due to the diam-

eter of the imaging microsphere being larger than 100 μm[17].

Studies also show that, when the lens and the object are not

closely contacted, the lens with low refractive index also can

magnify the stripe patterns of the object samples [18,19].

Moreover, a high refractive index microsphere presents many

advantages in prefabrication and location movement because

it can be embedded in transparent solidified films used as

cover slips to observe the samples [10]. Darafsheh et al. have

observed the radiation-induced glioblastoma cells using a high

index microsphere embedded in elastomers [7]. Considering

the application superiority of a high index microsphere,

although the far-field properties of low-index lens are well

studied, the imaging properties of high-index lenses in a far-

field need to be further revealed. In this work, we use a barium

titanate glass (BTG) microsphere with a high refractive index

(n ∼ 1.9) to image the Blu-ray disk (BD) sample. Our experi-

mental results show that, for our object sample with a spacing

of 300 nm, the high-index lens performs novel far-field proper-

ties. When the distance between the microsphere and the sam-

ple is increased from 0 to 5.4 μm, the lateral magnification

increases from 3 .5×to5.5×, and the FOV decreases from

5.1 to 3.0 μm. These properties are different from the proper-

ties of a low index lens. Our results provide an optimization

method to improve the magnification and eliminate the dark

area in the center of the image by keeping the object sample at

an appropriate distance away from the high refractive index

microsphere lens.

2. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT

Figure 1(a) shows that a ZEISS microscope equipped with mi-

croscope objectives and a CCD camera are used to observe

the object. The microscope works under white-light illumina-

tion with a peak wavelength of 540 nm and reflective mode.

Our object is a commercial BD with its protection layer peeled

off before use. The BD sample consists of 200 nm stripes sep-

arated by 100 nm grooves, as shown in Fig. 1(b). The fine

structures of the BD sample cannot be resolved by a conven-

tional optical microscopy. A layer of SU-8 resist was spin

Guo et al. Vol. 3, No. 6 / December 2015 / Photon. Res. 339

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