没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
首页蓝牙协议与IEEE 802.11无线局域网标准解析
蓝牙协议与IEEE 802.11无线局域网标准解析
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/wenkucmsfe/public/img/starY.0159711c.png)
"本文档主要介绍了IEEE 802.11-2007标准,它是对1999年版本的更新,涉及到无线局域网(WLAN)的介质访问控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)的具体要求。这个标准是蓝牙协议规范的一部分,尽管蓝牙和IEEE 802.11标准主要关注不同的无线通信领域。"
蓝牙协议规范,作为无线通信技术的一种,通常由一系列协议栈组成,包括蓝牙核心规范、蓝牙低功耗(BLE)以及与其他无线技术如Wi-Fi的互操作性规范。尽管标题提到的是“蓝牙协议规范”,但描述中提及的是IEEE 802.11-2007标准,这是针对Wi-Fi无线局域网的标准,而非蓝牙。不过,这两种无线技术在某些应用场景下可能会有交集。
蓝牙技术最初设计用于短距离、低功耗的设备连接,例如耳机、键盘、鼠标等个人区域网络(PAN)。其核心规范定义了无线链路层、逻辑链路控制和适配协议(LLC)、服务发现协议(SDP)等关键组件。蓝牙技术经历了多个版本的迭代,从最初的1.0到4.x,再到最新的蓝牙5.0及以后的版本,每次升级都带来了更高的数据传输速率、更远的传输距离和更低的功耗。
而IEEE 802.11标准,即我们熟知的Wi-Fi,主要用于长距离、高速率的无线局域网连接,如家庭、办公室和公共场所的互联网接入。该标准的MAC层规定了如何在共享介质上公平地分配网络访问权,而PHY层则定义了多种调制解调技术和信道带宽,如802.11n引入的MIMO(多输入多输出)技术和5GHz频段,显著提高了Wi-Fi的速度和容量。
尽管蓝牙和Wi-Fi在技术上有显著区别,但为了实现更好的共存和互操作性,它们之间也有一些交互机制。例如,蓝牙4.0引入了BLE,旨在与Wi-Fi共享频谱资源,以减少干扰并提高效率。此外,某些设备可能同时支持蓝牙和Wi-Fi,这需要在设计时考虑两者之间的协调和切换策略。
虽然描述中提供的内容主要是关于IEEE 802.11-2007标准,但可以推断蓝牙协议规范涉及到的技术包括但不限于蓝牙核心协议栈、低功耗特性、与其他无线技术如Wi-Fi的共存和互操作性。这些知识点对于理解蓝牙技术在现代无线通信中的作用至关重要。
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/5323379/bg10.jpg)
xiv Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
8.2.1 Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)........................................................................... 158
8.2.1.1 WEP overview ..................................................................................... 158
8.2.1.2 WEP MPDU format............................................................................. 158
8.2.1.3 WEP state............................................................................................. 158
8.2.1.4 WEP procedures .................................................................................. 159
8.2.2 Pre-RSNA authentication ...................................................................................... 161
8.2.2.1 Overview.............................................................................................. 161
8.2.2.2 Open System authentication ................................................................ 161
8.2.2.3 Shared Key authentication ................................................................... 162
8.3 RSNA data confidentiality protocols .................................................................................... 165
8.3.1 Overview................................................................................................................ 165
8.3.2 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) .............................................................. 165
8.3.2.1 TKIP overview..................................................................................... 165
8.3.2.2 TKIP MPDU formats........................................................................... 168
8.3.2.3 TKIP MIC ............................................................................................ 169
8.3.2.4 TKIP countermeasures procedures ...................................................... 171
8.3.2.5 TKIP mixing function.......................................................................... 175
8.3.2.6 TKIP replay protection procedures...................................................... 179
8.3.3 CTR with CBC-MAC Protocol (CCMP)............................................................... 179
8.3.3.1 CCMP overview .................................................................................. 179
8.3.3.2 CCMP MPDU format .......................................................................... 180
8.3.3.3 CCMP cryptographic encapsulation .................................................... 181
8.3.3.4 CCMP decapsulation ........................................................................... 184
8.4 RSNA security association management .............................................................................. 185
8.4.1 Security associations.............................................................................................. 185
8.4.1.1 Security association definitions ........................................................... 185
8.4.1.2 Security association life cycle.............................................................. 187
8.4.2 RSNA selection...................................................................................................... 189
8.4.3 RSNA policy selection in an ESS.......................................................................... 189
8.4.3.1 TSN policy selection in an ESS........................................................... 190
8.4.4 RSNA policy selection in an IBSS ........................................................................ 190
8.4.4.1 TSN policy selection in an IBSS ......................................................... 191
8.4.5 RSN management of the IEEE 802.1X Controlled Port........................................ 191
8.4.6 RSNA authentication in an ESS ............................................................................ 192
8.4.6.1 Preauthentication and RSNA key management................................... 192
8.4.6.2 Cached PMKSAs and RSNA key management .................................. 193
8.4.7 RSNA authentication in an IBSS........................................................................... 193
8.4.8 RSNA key management in an ESS........................................................................ 195
8.4.9 RSNA key management in an IBSS ...................................................................... 195
8.4.10 RSNA security association termination................................................................. 196
8.5 Keys and key distribution ..................................................................................................... 196
8.5.1 Key hierarchy......................................................................................................... 196
8.5.1.1 PRF ...................................................................................................... 197
8.5.1.2 Pairwise key hierarchy......................................................................... 198
8.5.1.3 Group key hierarchy ............................................................................ 200
8.5.1.4 PeerKey key hierarchy......................................................................... 201
8.5.2 EAPOL-Key frames............................................................................................... 202
8.5.2.1 EAPOL-Key frame notation ................................................................ 210
8.5.3 4-Way Handshake.................................................................................................. 211
8.5.3.1 4-Way Handshake Message 1.............................................................. 211
8.5.3.2 4-Way Handshake Message 2.............................................................. 213
8.5.3.3 4-Way Handshake Message 3.............................................................. 214
8.5.3.4 4-Way Handshake Message 4.............................................................. 215
8.5.3.5 4-Way Handshake implementation considerations.............................. 216
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/5323379/bg11.jpg)
Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. xv
8.5.3.6 Sample 4-Way Handshake................................................................... 217
8.5.3.7 4-Way Handshake analysis.................................................................. 218
8.5.4 Group Key Handshake........................................................................................... 220
8.5.4.1 Group Key Handshake Message 1....................................................... 220
8.5.4.2 Group Key Handshake Message 2....................................................... 221
8.5.4.3 Group Key Handshake implementation considerations....................... 222
8.5.4.4 Sample Group Key Handshake............................................................ 222
8.5.5 RSNA Supplicant key management state machine................................................ 223
8.5.5.1 Supplicant state machine states............................................................ 223
8.5.5.2 Supplicant state machine variables ...................................................... 224
8.5.5.3 Supplicant state machine procedures................................................... 224
8.5.5.4 Supplicant PeerKey state machine states............................................. 227
8.5.5.5 Supplicant PeerKey state machine variables ....................................... 227
8.5.6 RSNA Authenticator key management state machine........................................... 229
8.5.6.1 Authenticator state machine states....................................................... 229
8.5.6.2 Authenticator state machine variables ................................................. 233
8.5.6.3 Authenticator state machine procedures .............................................. 234
8.5.7 Nonce generation ................................................................................................... 234
8.5.8 PeerKey Handshake............................................................................................... 235
8.5.8.1 SMK Handshake .................................................................................. 236
8.5.8.2 PeerKey setup and handshake error conditions ................................... 241
8.5.8.3 STKSA rekeying.................................................................................. 241
8.5.8.4 Error Reporting .................................................................................... 242
8.6 Mapping EAPOL keys to IEEE 802.11 keys........................................................................ 244
8.6.1 Mapping PTK to TKIP keys .................................................................................. 244
8.6.2 Mapping GTK to TKIP keys ................................................................................. 244
8.6.3 Mapping PTK to CCMP keys................................................................................ 244
8.6.4 Mapping GTK to CCMP keys ............................................................................... 244
8.6.5 Mapping GTK to WEP-40 keys............................................................................. 244
8.6.6 Mapping GTK to WEP-104 keys........................................................................... 244
8.7 Per-frame pseudo-code.......................................................................................................... 245
8.7.1 WEP frame pseudo-code ....................................................................................... 245
8.7.2 RSNA frame pseudo-code ..................................................................................... 246
8.7.2.1 Per-MSDU Tx pseudo-code................................................................. 246
8.7.2.2 Per-MPDU Tx pseudo-code................................................................. 247
8.7.2.3 Per-MPDU Rx pseudo-code ................................................................ 248
8.7.2.4 Per-MSDU Rx pseudo-code ................................................................ 249
9. MAC sublayer functional description.............................................................................................. 251
9.1 MAC architecture.................................................................................................................. 251
9.1.1 DCF........................................................................................................................251
9.1.2 PCF ........................................................................................................................252
9.1.3 Hybrid coordination function (HCF) ..................................................................... 252
9.1.3.1 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA) .................................. 252
9.1.3.2 HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) ............................................. 254
9.1.4 Combined use of DCF, PCF, and HCF.................................................................. 254
9.1.5 Fragmentation/defragmentation overview............................................................. 255
9.1.6 MAC data service .................................................................................................. 255
9.2 DCF....................................................................................................................................... 256
9.2.1 CS mechanism ....................................................................................................... 257
9.2.2 MAC-Level acknowledgments .............................................................................. 257
9.2.3 IFS.......................................................................................................................... 258
9.2.3.1 SIFS ..................................................................................................... 258
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/5323379/bg12.jpg)
xvi Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
9.2.3.2 PIFS ..................................................................................................... 259
9.2.3.3 DIFS..................................................................................................... 259
9.2.3.4 AIFS..................................................................................................... 259
9.2.3.5 EIFS ..................................................................................................... 259
9.2.4 Random backoff time............................................................................................. 260
9.2.5 DCF access procedure ........................................................................................... 261
9.2.5.1 Basic access ......................................................................................... 261
9.2.5.2 Backoff procedure for DCF ................................................................. 262
9.2.5.3 Recovery procedures and retransmit limits ......................................... 263
9.2.5.4 Setting and resetting the NAV ............................................................. 264
9.2.5.5 Control of the channel.......................................................................... 264
9.2.5.6 RTS/CTS usage with fragmentation .................................................... 266
9.2.5.7 CTS procedure ..................................................................................... 267
9.2.6 Individually addressed MPDU transfer procedure ................................................ 267
9.2.7 Broadcast and multicast MPDU transfer procedure .............................................. 268
9.2.8 ACK procedure ...................................................................................................... 268
9.2.9 Duplicate detection and recovery .......................................................................... 269
9.2.10 DCF timing relations ............................................................................................. 270
9.2.11 NAV distribution ................................................................................................... 271
9.2.12 Determination of PLME aCWmin characteristics ................................................. 271
9.3 PCF........................................................................................................................................ 271
9.3.1 CFP structure and timing ....................................................................................... 272
9.3.2 PCF access procedure ............................................................................................ 274
9.3.2.1 Fundamental access ............................................................................. 274
9.3.2.2 NAV operation during the CFP ........................................................... 274
9.3.3 PCF transfer procedure .......................................................................................... 275
9.3.3.1 PCF transfers when the PC STA is transmitter or recipient ................ 275
9.3.3.2 Operation with overlapping point-coordinated BSSs .......................... 277
9.3.3.3 CFPMaxDuration limit ........................................................................ 277
9.3.3.4 CF usage rules...................................................................................... 277
9.3.4 CF polling list ........................................................................................................ 278
9.3.4.1 Polling list processing.......................................................................... 278
9.3.4.2 Polling list update procedure ............................................................... 278
9.4 Fragmentation ....................................................................................................................... 279
9.5 Defragmentation.................................................................................................................... 279
9.6 Multirate support................................................................................................................... 280
9.6.1 Modulation classes................................................................................................. 281
9.7 MSDU transmission restrictions ........................................................................................... 282
9.8 Operation across regulatory domains.................................................................................... 282
9.8.1 Operation upon entering a regulatory domain ....................................................... 283
9.8.2 Support for FH PHYs ............................................................................................ 283
9.8.2.1 Determination of hopping patterns ...................................................... 283
9.9 HCF....................................................................................................................................... 286
9.9.1 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA) .................................................... 286
9.9.1.1 Reference implementation ................................................................... 286
9.9.1.2 EDCA TXOPs...................................................................................... 287
9.9.1.3 Obtaining an EDCA TXOP ................................................................. 287
9.9.1.4 Multiple frame transmission in an EDCA TXOP................................ 289
9.9.1.5 EDCA backoff procedure .................................................................... 290
9.9.1.6 Retransmit procedures ......................................................................... 291
9.9.2 HCCA .................................................................................................................... 292
9.9.2.1 HCCA procedure ................................................................................. 292
9.9.2.2 TXOP structure and timing.................................................................. 295
9.9.2.3 HCCA transfer rules ............................................................................ 296
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/5323379/bg13.jpg)
Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. xvii
9.9.3 Admission Control at the HC................................................................................. 298
9.9.3.1 Contention-based admission control procedures ................................. 298
9.9.3.2 Controlled-access admission control ................................................... 300
9.10 Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack)................................................................................... 302
9.10.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 302
9.10.2 Setup and modification of the Block Ack parameters ........................................... 303
9.10.3 Data and acknowledgment transfer........................................................................ 303
9.10.4 Receive buffer operation........................................................................................ 306
9.10.5 Teardown of the Block Ack mechanism................................................................ 306
9.11 No Acknowledgment (No Ack) ............................................................................................ 306
9.12 Frame exchange sequences ................................................................................................... 306
9.13 Protection mechanism for non-ERP receivers ...................................................................... 310
10. Layer management........................................................................................................................... 313
10.1 Overview of management model .......................................................................................... 313
10.2 Generic management primitives ........................................................................................... 314
10.3 MLME SAP interface ........................................................................................................... 314
10.3.1 Power management................................................................................................ 315
10.3.1.1 MLME-POWERMGT.request............................................................. 315
10.3.1.2 MLME-POWERMGT.confirm............................................................ 316
10.3.2 Scan........................................................................................................................ 317
10.3.2.1 MLME-SCAN.request......................................................................... 317
10.3.2.2 MLME-SCAN.confirm........................................................................ 318
10.3.3 Synchronization ..................................................................................................... 320
10.3.3.1 MLME-JOIN.request........................................................................... 320
10.3.3.2 MLME-JOIN.confirm.......................................................................... 321
10.3.4 Authenticate ........................................................................................................... 322
10.3.4.1 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.request..................................................... 322
10.3.4.2 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm.................................................... 323
10.3.4.3 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication ................................................ 324
10.3.4.4 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.response .................................................. 325
10.3.5 Deauthenticate ....................................................................................................... 326
10.3.5.1 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.request................................................ 326
10.3.5.2 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.confirm .............................................. 327
10.3.5.3 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.indication ........................................... 328
10.3.6 Associate................................................................................................................ 329
10.3.6.1 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request.............................................................. 329
10.3.6.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm ............................................................ 330
10.3.6.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication ......................................................... 331
10.3.6.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response ........................................................... 332
10.3.7 Reassociate............................................................................................................. 333
10.3.7.1 MLME-REASSOCIATE.request ........................................................ 333
10.3.7.2 MLME-REASSOCIATE.confirm ....................................................... 334
10.3.7.3 MLME-REASSOCIATE.indication.................................................... 335
10.3.7.4 MLME-REASSOCIATE.response...................................................... 336
10.3.8 Disassociate ........................................................................................................... 337
10.3.8.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request ....................................................... 337
10.3.8.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm ...................................................... 338
10.3.8.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication................................................... 339
10.3.9 Reset....................................................................................................................... 340
10.3.9.1 MLME-RESET.request ....................................................................... 340
10.3.9.2 MLME-RESET.confirm ...................................................................... 341
10.3.10 Start........................................................................................................................ 342
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/5323379/bg14.jpg)
xviii Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
10.3.10.1 MLME-START.request....................................................................... 342
10.3.10.2 MLME-START.confirm...................................................................... 344
10.3.11 Spectrum management protocol layer model ........................................................ 345
10.3.12 Measurement request ............................................................................................. 350
10.3.12.1 MLME-MREQUEST.request .............................................................. 350
10.3.12.2 MLME-MREQUEST.confirm............................................................. 351
10.3.12.3 MLME-MREQUEST.indication.......................................................... 352
10.3.13 Channel measurement............................................................................................ 353
10.3.13.1 MLME-MEASURE.request ................................................................ 353
10.3.13.2 MLME-MEASURE.confirm ............................................................... 354
10.3.14 Measurement report ............................................................................................... 355
10.3.14.1 MLME-MREPORT.request................................................................. 355
10.3.14.2 MLME-MREPORT.confirm................................................................ 356
10.3.14.3 MLME-MREPORT.indication ............................................................ 357
10.3.15 Channel switch....................................................................................................... 358
10.3.15.1 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.request ................................................. 358
10.3.15.2 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.confirm ................................................ 359
10.3.15.3 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.indication............................................. 360
10.3.15.4 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.response............................................... 361
10.3.16 TPC request............................................................................................................ 362
10.3.16.1 MLME-TPCADAPT.request............................................................... 362
10.3.16.2 MLME-TPCADAPT.confirm.............................................................. 363
10.3.17 SetKeys ..................................................................................................................364
10.3.17.1 MLME-SETKEYS.request .................................................................. 364
10.3.17.2 MLME-SETKEYS.confirm................................................................. 365
10.3.18 DeleteKeys............................................................................................................. 366
10.3.18.1 MLME-DELETEKEYS.request.......................................................... 366
10.3.18.2 MLME-DELETEKEYS.confirm ......................................................... 367
10.3.19 MIC (Michael) failure event .................................................................................. 368
10.3.19.1 MLME-MICHAELMICFAILURE.indication .................................... 368
10.3.20 EAPOL................................................................................................................... 369
10.3.20.1 MLME-EAPOL.request....................................................................... 369
10.3.20.2 MLME-EAPOL.confirm...................................................................... 370
10.3.21 MLME-PeerKeySTART........................................................................................ 371
10.3.21.1 MLME- PeerKeySTART.request ........................................................ 371
10.3.22 SetProtection.......................................................................................................... 372
10.3.22.1 MLME-SETPROTECTION.request.................................................... 372
10.3.22.2 MLME-SETPROTECTION.confirm .................................................. 373
10.3.23 MLME-PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED ........................................................... 374
10.3.23.1 MLME- PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED.indication ....................... 374
10.3.24 TS management interface ...................................................................................... 375
10.3.24.1 MLME-ADDTS.request ...................................................................... 375
10.3.24.2 MLME-ADDTS.confirm ..................................................................... 377
10.3.24.3 MLME-ADDTS.indication.................................................................. 379
10.3.24.4 MLME-ADDTS.response.................................................................... 381
10.3.24.5 MLME-DELTS.request ....................................................................... 383
10.3.24.6 MLME-DELTS.confirm ...................................................................... 384
10.3.24.7 MLME-DELTS.indication................................................................... 385
10.3.25 Management of direct links ................................................................................... 386
10.3.25.1 MLME-DLS.request ............................................................................ 386
10.3.25.2 MLME-DLS.confirm........................................................................... 387
10.3.25.3 MLME-DLS.indication........................................................................ 388
10.3.25.4 MLME-DLSTeardown.request............................................................ 389
10.3.25.5 MLME-DLSTeardown.confirm........................................................... 390
剩余1231页未读,继续阅读
2011-12-22 上传
2013-12-26 上传
393 浏览量
点击了解资源详情
点击了解资源详情
点击了解资源详情
点击了解资源详情
点击了解资源详情
2023-08-09 上传
![](https://profile-avatar.csdnimg.cn/default.jpg!1)
u010539622
- 粉丝: 0
- 资源: 1
上传资源 快速赚钱
我的内容管理 展开
我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
我的收益
登录查看自己的收益我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
我的收藏
我的下载
下载帮助
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/wenkucmsfe/public/img/voice.245cc511.png)
最新资源
- Hadoop生态系统与MapReduce详解
- MDS系列三相整流桥模块技术规格与特性
- MFC编程:指针与句柄获取全面解析
- LM06:多模4G高速数据模块,支持GSM至TD-LTE
- 使用Gradle与Nexus构建私有仓库
- JAVA编程规范指南:命名规则与文件样式
- EMC VNX5500 存储系统日常维护指南
- 大数据驱动的互联网用户体验深度管理策略
- 改进型Booth算法:32位浮点阵列乘法器的高速设计与算法比较
- H3CNE网络认证重点知识整理
- Linux环境下MongoDB的详细安装教程
- 压缩文法的等价变换与多余规则删除
- BRMS入门指南:JBOSS安装与基础操作详解
- Win7环境下Android开发环境配置全攻略
- SHT10 C语言程序与LCD1602显示实例及精度校准
- 反垃圾邮件技术:现状与前景
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/wenkucmsfe/public/img/green-success.6a4acb44.png)