Windows Internals Part 2 - 深入解析操作系统

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"《Windows Internals Part 2》第六版是由Mark Russinovich、David A. Solomon和Alex Ionescu合著的一本深入探讨Windows操作系统内部机制的专业书籍。该书详细介绍了Windows系统的底层工作原理，涵盖了从内核到系统服务的各个方面。" 在《Windows Internals Part 2》中，读者将深入学习以下关键知识点： 1. **Windows 内核结构**：书中详细讲解了Windows内核的架构，包括执行体（Executive）、调度程序、内存管理、设备驱动模型等核心组件。了解这些内容有助于理解操作系统如何管理资源和处理系统级任务。 2. **进程与线程管理**：深入解析了进程和线程的创建、调度、同步和通信机制。这对于调试多线程应用程序或优化系统性能至关重要。 3. **内存管理**：涵盖了虚拟地址空间、分页系统、内存分配和释放策略等内容，帮助读者理解Windows如何高效地管理内存资源。 4. **文件系统**：详述了NTFS、FAT等文件系统的实现细节，包括文件的创建、打开、读写和删除操作，以及元数据管理。 5. **安全性与访问控制**：讨论了Windows的安全模型，包括权限、访问令牌、安全描述符、审核日志等，有助于理解和解决安全相关问题。 6. **网络基础架构**：介绍Windows网络堆栈的工作原理，包括TCP/IP协议栈、套接字接口、命名管道和共享内存等通信机制。 7. **系统服务**：阐述了Windows服务的管理和运行方式，如系统启动过程、服务注册、服务控制等。 8. **设备驱动程序**：讲解了驱动程序模型，包括WDM、KMDF、UMDF等，以及驱动开发和调试技巧。 9. **调试工具**：介绍了WinDbg等系统调试工具的使用，这些工具对于分析和解决系统问题非常有用。 10. **系统调用和API**：详细剖析了Windows API的工作原理，以及系统调用如何与内核交互。此书不仅适合操作系统开发者、系统管理员和安全专家阅读，也是对Windows操作系统感兴趣的高级用户和软件开发者的重要参考资料。通过深入学习《Windows Internals Part 2》，读者可以更全面地理解Windows操作系统，从而提高问题诊断和系统优化的能力。

xvi Introduction

History of the Book

This is the sixth edition of a book that was originally called Inside Windows NT

(Microsoft Press, 1992), written by Helen Custer (prior to the initial release of Microsoft

Windows NT 3.1). Inside Windows NT was the rst book ever published about Windows

NT and provided key insights into the architecture and design of the system. Inside

Windows NT, Second Edition (Microsoft Press, 1998) was written by David Solomon. It

updated the original book to cover Windows NT 4.0 and had a greatly increased level

of technical depth.

Inside Windows 2000, Third Edition (Microsoft Press, 2000) was authored by David

Solomon and Mark Russinovich. It added many new topics, such as startup and shut-

down, service internals, registry internals, le-system drivers, and networking. It also

covered kernel changes in Windows 2000, such as the Windows Driver Model (WDM),

Plug and Play, power management, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI),

encryption, the job object, and Terminal Services. Windows Internals, Fourth Edition was

the Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 update and added more content focused

on helping IT professionals make use of their knowledge of Windows internals, such as

using key tools from Windows Sysinternals (www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals)

and analyzing crash dumps. Windows Internals, Fifth Edition was the update for

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. New content included the image loader,

user-mode debugging facility, and Hyper-V.

Sixth Edition Changes

This latest edition has been updated to cover the kernel changes made in Windows 7

and Windows Server 2008 R2. Hands-on experiments have been updated to reect

changes in tools.

Hands-on Experiments

Even without access to the Windows source code, you can glean much about Windows

internals from tools such as the kernel debugger and tools from Sysinternals and

Winsider Seminars & Solutions. When a tool can be used to expose or demonstrate

some aspect of the internal behavior of Windows, the steps for trying the tool yourself

are listed in “EXPERIMENT” boxes. These appear throughout the book, and we encour-

age you to try these as you’re reading—seeing visible proof of how Windows works

internally will make much more of an impression on you than just reading about it will.

Introduction xvii

Topics Not Covered

Windows is a large and complex operating system. This book doesn’t cover everything

relevant to Windows internals but instead focuses on the base system components. For

example, this book doesn’t describe COM+, the Windows distributed object-oriented

programming infrastructure, or the Microsoft .NET Framework, the foundation of man-

aged code applications.

Because this is an internals book and not a user, programming, or system administra-

tion book, it doesn’t describe how to use, program, or congure Windows.

A Warning and a Caveat

Because this book describes undocumented behavior of the internal architecture and

the operation of the Windows operating system (such as internal kernel structures and

functions), this content is subject to change between releases. (External interfaces, such

as the Windows API, are not subject to incompatible changes.)

By “subject to change,” we don’t necessarily mean that details described in this book

will change between releases, but you can’t count on them not changing. Any soft-

ware that uses these undocumented interfaces might not work on future releases of

Windows. Even worse, software that runs in kernel mode (such as device drivers) and

uses these undocumented interfaces might experience a system crash when running on

a newer release of Windows.

Acknowledgments

First, thanks to Jamie Hanrahan and Brian Catlin of Azius, LLC for joining us on this

project—the book would not have been nished without their help. They did the bulk

of the updates on the “Security” and “Networking” chapters and contributed to the

update of the “Management Mechanisms” and “Processes and Threads” chapters. Azius

provides Windows-internals and device-driver training. See www.azius.com for more

information.

We want to recognize Alex Ionescu, who for this edition is a full coauthor. This is a

reection of Alex’s extensive work on the fth edition, as well as his continuing work on

this edition.

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