VxWorks 6.9 虚拟机下的 Guest OS 指南

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"VxWorks Guest OS Hypervisor Programmer's Guide 6.9" VxWorks Guest OS for Hypervisor是Wind River Systems公司开发的一款针对虚拟化环境的操作系统，它允许在VxWorks hypervisor上运行多个独立的VxWorks操作系统实例，以及其他可能的 guest 操作系统。该程序员指南详细介绍了如何在VxWorks 6.9版本中设计、配置和管理这些虚拟环境。在VxWorks Guest OS中，hypervisor是一种特殊的软件层，它能够在一个物理硬件平台上同时运行多个独立的操作系统，每个操作系统都以为自己独占硬件资源的方式运行。这通过硬件虚拟化技术实现，如Intel的VT-x或AMD的V技术，使得hypervisor可以控制并分配CPU资源、内存和I/O设备给各个guest OS。本指南的核心内容可能包括以下几个方面： 1. **虚拟化基础**：解释了虚拟化的概念和工作原理，以及在VxWorks环境下实现虚拟化的技术细节。 2. **VxWorks Guest OS安装与配置**：详细步骤指导如何在hypervisor上安装和设置VxWorks guest实例，包括初始化、分区和资源分配。 3. **性能优化**：讨论了如何在保持隔离的同时最大化性能，例如调整CPU调度策略、内存管理和I/O处理。 4. **安全与隔离**：阐述了如何确保各guest OS之间的安全性和数据隔离，以及hypervisor自身的安全性。 5. **网络与I/O虚拟化**：介绍了如何在虚拟环境中模拟网络和I/O设备，使每个guest OS能独立地使用这些资源。 6. **故障排查与调试**：提供了在虚拟环境下遇到问题时的诊断方法和调试工具的使用。 7. **第三方软件支持**：可能会涉及到hypervisor对第三方软件和库的兼容性，以及相应的许可信息。 8. **API和编程接口**：详述了开发者可以使用的API和接口，以编程方式控制和管理虚拟环境。 9. **案例研究和最佳实践**：通过实际应用示例，展示了如何有效地利用VxWorks Guest OS和hypervisor。 10. **法律条款与第三方版权**：提到了相关的版权信息，以及与第三方软件授权有关的注意事项。 "VxWorks Guest OS Hypervisor Programmer's Guide 6.9" 是一个全面的参考资料，旨在帮助开发人员在VxWorks 6.9中构建和维护高效、安全的虚拟化环境。它不仅涵盖了技术理论，还提供了实践指导，对于理解和运用VxWorks虚拟化技术至关重要。

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1 Overview

1.3 What is the VxWorks Guest OS?

Note that when running within a virtual board context, the VxWorks Guest OS is

limited in its capabilities and supported features by both the configuration of the

VxWorks project and the capabilities exposed to the virtual board within the

hypervisor configuration. VxWorks does not run natively on the target hardware.

In general, the hypervisor controls hardware access through the virtual board

context.

1.3.1 VxWorks Guest OS and Native VxWorks

The behavior of the VxWorks Guest OS closely parallels that of the native VxWorks

operating system. This document assumes that you are generally familiar with

development in a native VxWorks system.

Supported Platforms and Architectures

In this release, the hardware platforms and architectures supported by the

VxWorks Guest OS are a subset of those supported by the native VxWorks release.

For specific target hardware support, see the Wind River Hypervisor Release Notes.

Supported Device Drivers

Information on supported device drivers is provided in 5. BSP and Device Driver

Considerations.

Limitations and Unsupported VxWorks Features

In general, the goal of the VxWorks Guest OS is to provide the same level of

functionality and support in the hypervisor environment (or virtual board context)

that is available on native VxWorks running standalone on target hardware.

However, in some cases, the VxWorks feature set is limited by the support

provided by the Wind River Hypervisor.

Figure 1-1 VxWorks Running as a Guest OS on Wind River Hypervisor

VxWorks Guest OS

Wind River Hypervisor

Target Hardware

Virtual Board

VxWorks Guest OS for Hypervisor

Programmer's Guide, 6.9

The following limitations apply to the VxWorks Guest OS:

■

Currently, VxWorks Guest OS support is based on the Wind River General

Purpose Platform, VxWorks Edition. For more information, see the Wind River

Online Support Web site.

■

Current architecture support is limited to ARM (ARM mode only), IA-32, Intel

64, and PowerPC. BSP support is limited. For more information, see your

Platform release notes. For additional hardware support information, see the

Wind River Hypervisor Release Notes.

■

Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) configurations are supported for IA-32,

Intel 64, and PowerPC processors. SMP configurations are not available for

ARM.

■

The native VxWorks unsupervised asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP)

implementation is not available in this release (this support can be replaced

using Wind River Hypervisor capabilities).

■

Power management support is available in this release for IA-32 and Intel 64

architectures only. Device power management is not available. For more

information on power management, see the VxWorks Power Management

Developer’s Guide.

■

Real-time processes (RTPs) are supported by IA-32, Intel 64, and PowerPC

processors. RTPs are not supported for ARM.

■

Support for the VxWorks wrload utility is available in this release for ARM,

IA-32, and PowerPC processors. wrload support is not available on the 64-bit

VxWorks Guest OS. See 3.4 Using wrload with the VxWorks Guest OS, p.16.

■

Hardware breakpoints are not supported in this release.

■

Interrupt stack protection for IA-32 targets is not available.

■

Cache and MMU support is limited for PowerPC and ARM targets. (For more

information, see 4.4 Architecture Considerations, p.25.)

■

VxWorks persistent-memory regions (areas of RAM specifically reserved for

error records and core dumps) are not supported in this release.

■

Nested interrupts, using an emulated local I/O APIC, is supported only for

32-bit guests on Intel targets.

Usage Caveats

Keep the following caveats in mind when planning your VxWorks BSP.

Interrupts

When running within a virtual board context, the ability of the VxWorks Guest OS

to respond to interrupts is dependent upon the configuration of the virtual board.

Therefore, it is critical that the two configurations—the virtual board

configuration

(for example, vxworks.xml) and the VxWorks BSP configuration

(hwconf.c and config.h)—are perfectly matched. You must also be aware of the

1. The virtual board configuration file can have any name (board.xml). For the purposes of this

document, the example vxworks.xml is used. This file is also referred to as the VxWorks

configuration file in this document.

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