μC/FS 3.10 文件系统用户手册

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"ucfs manuv3.1" 这篇文档是Micriµm公司出品的µC/FS嵌入式文件系统的用户手册，版本为3.10。µC/FS是一个独立于CPU的嵌入式应用程序文件系统，适用于各种微控制器和嵌入式设备。手册的目的是提供该软件的详细使用和参考指南。手册首先介绍了Micriµm公司，该公司专注于赋能嵌入式系统，并且提供了多种软件解决方案。µC/FS作为其产品之一，是一个专为嵌入式应用设计的、不依赖特定CPU的文件系统。这使得它能在不同架构的硬件上运行，为开发人员提供了灵活性。文档的内容可能包含以下几个主要部分： 1. **介绍**：可能涵盖了µC/FS的基本概念、设计目标和适用场景，以及与其它文件系统的对比，强调其在嵌入式环境中的优势。 2. **系统需求**：可能会列出使用µC/FS所需的硬件和软件环境，包括兼容的微控制器、操作系统支持、内存需求等。 3. **安装与配置**：详细步骤指导如何在目标平台上安装和配置µC/FS，可能包括编译、链接和初始化过程。 4. **API参考**：提供µC/FS提供的函数库和API接口，包括创建、删除、打开、关闭文件，读写操作，目录管理等操作的详细说明。 5. **示例代码**：通过实际代码示例，展示如何在应用程序中使用这些API来实现常见的文件系统操作。 6. **性能与优化**：可能包含关于如何优化文件系统性能的建议，以及如何根据具体应用场景调整设置。 7. **错误处理与调试**：介绍如何识别和解决在使用过程中遇到的问题，以及提供调试工具和方法。 8. **版本历史与更新**：列出不同版本之间的变化，包括新功能、改进和已知问题修复，提示用户保持手册和软件的最新版本。 9. **法律条款**：包含版权信息和使用许可，强调未经Micriµm书面许可，不得提取手册部分内容或修改PDF文件。最后，手册中可能还提到了其他商标和品牌，这些都是 Micriµm 或其合作伙伴的知识产权。请注意，由于给出的部分内容并不全面，以上分析基于对嵌入式系统软件常见结构和文档惯例的理解。实际的手册会包含更详尽的信息，以满足开发者和工程师在使用µC/FS时的需求。为了获取完整的支持和最新信息，应直接访问Micriµm的官方网站。

Table 10.6: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed RAMDISK

macros 300

Table 10.7: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed NAND

driver macros 300

Table 10.8: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - IDE driver hard-

ware interface differences 300

Table 10.9: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - adding a driver

301

Table 10.10: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - IDE driver hard-

ware interface differences 301

Table 10.11: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed MMC

macros 302

Table 10.12: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed CF/IDE

macros 302

Table 10.13: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - CF/IDE driver hard-

ware interface differences 302

Table 10.14: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed Flash /

NOR flash macros 303

Table 10.15: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed Serial

Flash / DataFlash macros 303

Table 10.16: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed Windrive

macros 304

Table 10.17: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - removed/replaced

configuration macros 304

Table 10.18: Differences between µC/FS v.2.x / v.3.x - Changes in the OS

interface 304

1.3 Basic concepts

1.3.1 µC/FS structure

µC/FS is organized in different layers, illustrated in the diagram below. A short

description of each layer’s functionality follows below.

API Layer

The API Layer is the interface between µC/FS and the user application. It is divided in

two parts Storage API and File System API. The File System API declares file func-

tions in ANSI C standard I/O style, such as FS_FOpen(), FS_FWrite() etc. The API

Layer transfers any calls to these functions to the File System Layer. Currently the

FAT file system or an optional file system, called EFS, are available for µC/FS. Right

now they cannot be used simultaneously. The Storage API declares the functions

which are required to initialize and access a storage medium. The Storage API allows

sector read and write operations. The API Layer transfers these calls to the Storage

Layer. The Storage API is optimized for applications which do not require file system

functionality like file and directory handling. A typical application which uses the

Storage API could be a USB mass storage device, where data has to be stored on a

medium, but all file system functionality is handled by the host PC.

File System Layer

The file system layer translates file operations to logical block (sector) operations.

After such a translation, the file system calls the logical block layer and specifies the

corresponding device driver for a device.

File System Layer

(FAT / EFS)

Storage Layer

Device Driver

(C F / IDE / MMC / NA ND / NOR / S D /...)

Low level routines to access

sectors of a device and check

status.

Synchronisation of device

operations for different file

operations.

Translation of file operations

to sector operations.

<stdio.h> like functions like

FS_FOpen(), FS_FRead(),

FS_FWrite().

Application

Application Program using

Storage API or FS API.

Responsibility of the

application programmer

Hardware Layer

µC/FS

Low level routines to access

your hardware.

Responsibility of

application programmer

File System API

Storage API

File System API:

API Layer

10 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to μC/FS

Storage Layer

The main purpose of the Storage Layer is to synchronize accesses to a device driver.

Furthermore, it provides a simple interface for the File System API. The Storage

Layer calls a device driver to perform a block operation. It also contains the cache

mechanism.

Device Driver

Device drivers are low-level routines that are used to access sectors of the device

and to check status. It is hardware independent but depends on the storage medium.

Hardware Layer

These layer contains the low-level routines to access your hardware. These routines

simply read and store fixed length sectors. The structure of the device driver is sim-

ple in order to allow easy integration of your own hardware.

1.3.2 Choice of file system type: FAT vs. EFS

Within µC/FS, there is a choice among two different file systems. The first, the FAT

file system, is divided into three different sub types, FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. While

the other, EFS, is a proprietary file system developed by Micrium. Choosing a suit-

able file system will depend on the environment in which the end application is to

operate.

The FAT file system was developed by Microsoft to manage file segments, locate

available clusters and reassemble file for use. Released in 1976, the first version of

the FAT file system was FAT12, which is no longer widely used. It was created for

extremely small storage devices. (The early version of FAT12 did not support manag-

ing directories).

FAT16 is good for use on multiple operating systems because it is supported by all

versions of Microsoft Windows, including DOS, OS/2 and Linux. The newest version,

FAT32, improves upon the FAT16 file system by utilizing a partition/disk much more

efficiently. It is supported by Microsoft Windows 98/ME/2000/XP and 2003 and as

well on Linux based systems.

The EFS file system has been added to µC/FS as an alternative to the FAT file sys-

tem. EFS has been designed for embedded devices. This file system reduces frag-

mentation of the data by utilizing drive space more efficiently, while still offering

faster access to embedded storage devices. Another benefit of EFS is that there are

no issues concerning long file name (LFN) support. The FAT file system was not

designed for long file name support, limiting names to twelve characters (8.3). LFN

support may be added to any of the FAT file systems, but there are legal issues that

must be settled with Microsoft before end applications make use of this feature. Long

file names are inherent to this proprietary file system relieving it of any legal issues.

1.3.3 Initializing the file system

The first thing that needs to be done after the system start-up and before any file-

system function can be used, is to call the function FS_Init(). This routine initializes

the internals of the filesystem. However it does not perform any low-level or device

driver specific initialization.

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