移动互联网中的云视频会话交付网络研究
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"移动互联网中基于会话的云视频交付网络，《互联网技术》"
本文是一篇研究论文，探讨了在移动互联网环境下，如何有效地利用基于会话的云视频交付网络（Session-Based Cloud Video Delivery Networks，简称C-VDNs）进行视频流服务。作者包括Dianjie Lu、Bin Hu、Xiangwei Zheng、Hong Liu以及Guijuan Zhang，分别来自山东师范大学信息科学与工程学院、山东省新型分布式计算机软件技术重点实验室和兰州大学信息科学与工程学院。
传统的视频交付网络依赖于预先部署的基础设施，而C-VDNs则提供了一种更具弹性的解决方案，可以按需扩展资源，无需大规模投资建设。然而，移动互联网环境下的用户行为和视频需求具有高度动态性，这对C-VDNs提出了新的挑战。此外，如何在有限的云资源条件下选择合适的代理服务器并构建高效的传输路径也是当前面临的关键问题。
论文提出了一种针对移动互联网环境优化的C-VDN策略，旨在解决上述挑战。作者可能讨论了以下几点内容：
1. 用户行为分析：深入研究移动用户的行为模式，如观看习惯、地理位置变化、网络连接条件等，以适应用户动态需求。
2. 云资源管理：设计智能的资源调度算法，根据视频内容的热度、用户的实时需求以及网络状况，动态分配云资源。
3. 代理服务器选择：考虑服务器负载、网络延迟、移动用户的位置等因素，优化代理服务器的选择策略，以确保视频流畅播放。
4. 传输路径优化：建立适应移动网络特性的高效传输路径，可能涉及到多路径传输、自适应流控等技术，以减少延迟和提高服务质量。
5. QoS保障：通过服务质量（QoS）参数如带宽、延迟、丢包率等，确保视频流的高质量交付。
6. 实验与评估：论文可能包含对所提策略的模拟实验和真实环境下的测试，以验证其性能和有效性，并与其他现有方案进行对比。
通过这些方法，论文旨在提供一个更适应移动互联网环境的云视频交付框架，提高用户体验，同时有效利用和管理云资源。这项研究对于推动移动互联网时代的视频服务发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。
1563
Session-Based Cloud Video Delivery Networks in Mobile Internet
joint content delivery path construction. They formulated
the problem as an integer-program problem and provided
of ine and online heuristics to solve it. In [19], the authors
proposed a resource auto-scaling method to provide the
bandwidth guarantees for video-on-demand applications.
However, they did not consider the replica placement
problem and storage constraint. Papagianni et al. [20] built
a hierarchical framework for the CDN deployment problem
on the multi-provider network cloud environment. Hu et al.
[21] studied the resource allocation and replica placement
problems for cloud-based CDNs by considering diversities
in user demand patterns. However, they all assumed that
contents are xed and of the same size.
Overall, the traditional algorithms are inadaptable
for delivery of videos in mobile Internet because of the
mobility of mobile users. The dynamics of the explosively
increasing video contents aggravate the problem further,
requiring new solutions to deliver videos ef ciently.
3 Network Model
Traditional VDNs generally consist of three kinds of
logical nodes [4][22] (Figure 1). Origin servers import
videos into the networks. Surrogate sites serve the end
users directly. Re ectors forward video contents from the
origin servers to the surrogate sites. In this situation, video
contents should be pulled or pushed to the surrogate sites
from an origin server, which can lead to instantaneous
congestion problems and low scalability. In contrast, we
propose to rent cloud resources to build a cloud “ecosystem”
in the mobile Internet. In this system, the VDN can be
deployed dynamically and the resource of networks can be
updated periodically.
Figure 1 Traditional VDN Structure
3.1 Confi guration of the Cloud-Based VDN
We assume that one cloud VDN can support multiple
providers (or origin servers). In addition, a control center
is provided to administer these providers. The origin
servers can replicate the video content at multiple cloud
sites (or surrogate sites) to serve all mobile user requests.
We assume the existence of M origin servers, N surrogate
sites, and U mobile users. The set of origin servers can be
expressed by M = {m
1
, m
2
, ..., m
M
}. The surrogate sites can
be expressed by N = {n
1
, n
2
, ..., n
N
}. Each node in M and N
has location coordinates (x
m
, y
m
) or (x
n
, y
n
). We denote the
mobile user set as U = {u
1
, u
2
, ..., u
U
}. The cloud VDN can
be modeled as an undirected graph G = (H, E), where H
∈
{M
∩
N}. Each link e(i, j)
∈
E between two sites i and j is
associated with a bandwidth capacity weight value BW(e(i,
j)) (or BW
ij
).
Figure 2 shows an example scenario of the cloud
VDN. The video content of different providers is
maintained on their origin servers (m
1
– m
2
). The origin
servers are far from the mobile users. Thus, providers rent
surrogate servers (n
1
– n
4
) to place replicas and satisfy
user demands (or requests). The bold lines among the n
1
– n
4
and m
1
– m
2
represent the potential replica delivery
paths. In this model, the surrogate sites can also be used
as intermediate nodes for routing videos from the origin
to other surrogate sites. Every surrogate site has two radio
interfaces: one for communication with other surrogate
sites (backhaul connections) and another for providing
access to mobile users. Mobile users can be any devices
using any accessing technologies (e.g., laptops or desktop
computers using Wi-Fi, cell phones using Global System
for Mobile communication/General Packet Radio Service,
smart phones using 3G/4G/NxtG accessing technology,
and so on). These mobile users (u
1
– u
4
) can only access
(n
1
– n
4
) within their coverage (drawn as dashed lines). If
proper surrogate sites exist among the n
1
– n
4
that requested
video contents and also satisfy the QoS requirements, user
requests can be directed to these proper servers. Otherwise,
some requests may be routed to the root m
1
– m
2
through
the multi-hop route forwarded by the n
1
– n
4
.
Figure 2 Cloud-Based VDN Model
JIT 18(7)-09 Hu.indd 1563 2017/12/20 下午 07:42:51
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