"2019版ITU-T H.265标准文档：高效视频编码推荐"

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The H.265 standard document, released in 2019 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), is a crucial milestone in the field of audiovisual and multimedia systems. This standard, also known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), aims to provide more efficient and effective coding of moving video, revolutionizing the way audiovisual services are delivered and consumed. ITU-T H.265 is part of the H-Series recommendations for audiovisual and multimedia systems, specifically focusing on the infrastructure of audiovisual services and the coding of moving video. This standard is a significant advancement from its predecessor, H.264, as it offers improved compression and higher quality video, making it an essential tool for video streaming, broadcasting, and communication technologies. The characteristics of visual telephone systems, as outlined in recommendations H.100-H.199, are also included in the H.265 standard document, highlighting its broad scope and relevance to various multimedia applications. In addition, the general infrastructure of audiovisual services is addressed in recommendation H.200, underscoring the comprehensive nature of the H.265 standard and its impact on the audiovisual industry. Overall, the release of the H.265 standard document in 2019 represents a significant advancement in audiovisual and multimedia systems, setting new standards for video coding and paving the way for enhanced visual communication and entertainment experiences. As technology continues to evolve, the adoption of H.265 will play a crucial role in shaping the future of audiovisual services and multimedia infrastructure, driving innovation and efficiency in the digital landscape.

 
xiv  Rec. ITU-T H.265 v7 (11/2019) 
Table D.6 – filter_hint_type values ................................................................................................................................ 341 
Table D.7 – Interpretation of camera_iso_speed_idc and exposure_idx_idc ................................................................. 344 
Table D.8 – Definition of frame_packing_arrangement_type ........................................................................................ 346 
Table D.9 – Definition of content_interpretation_type ................................................................................................... 347 
Table D.10 – Interpretation of hash_type ....................................................................................................................... 354 
Table D.11 – Definition of counting_type[ i ] values ..................................................................................................... 362 
Table D.12 – Definition of segmented_rect_content_interpretation_type ...................................................................... 365 
Table D.13 – ver_chroma_filter_idc values .................................................................................................................... 371 
Table D.14 – hor_chroma_filter_idc values ................................................................................................................... 371 
Table D.15 – Chroma sampling format indicated by target_format_idc ........................................................................ 372 
Table D.16 – Constraints on the value of num_vertical_filters ...................................................................................... 373 
Table D.17 – Constraints on the value of num_horizontal_filters .................................................................................. 373 
Table D.18 – Values of verFilterCoeff and verTapLength when ver_chroma_filter_idc is equal to 2 ........................... 374 
Table D.19 – Values of horFilterCoeff and horTapLength when hor_chroma_filter_idc is equal to 2 .......................... 374 
Table D.20 – Usage of chroma filter in the vertical direction ........................................................................................ 377 
Table D.21 – Usage of chroma filter in the horizontal direction .................................................................................... 379 
Table D.22 – rwp_transform_type[ i ] values ................................................................................................................. 395 
Table D.23 – Interpretation of manifest_sei_description[ i ] .......................................................................................... 410 
Table E.1 – Interpretation of sample aspect ratio indicator ............................................................................................ 419 
Table E.2 – Meaning of video_format ............................................................................................................................ 420 
Table E.3 – Colour primaries interpretation using the colour_primaries syntax element ............................................... 421 
Table E.4 – Transfer characteristics interpretation using the transfer_characteristics syntax element ........................... 422 
Table E.5 – Matrix coefficients interpretation using the matrix_coeffs syntax element ................................................. 429 
Table E.6 – Definition of HorizontalOffsetC and VerticalOffsetC as a function of chroma_format_idc and 
ChromaLocType ..................................................................................................................................................... 432 
Table E.7 – Divisor for computation of DpbOutputElementalInterval[ n ] .................................................................... 438 
Table F.1 – Mapping of ScalabiltyId to scalability dimensions ...................................................................................... 464 
Table F.2 – Mapping of AuxId to the type of auxiliary pictures .................................................................................... 466 
Table F.3 – Specification of CompatibleProfileList ....................................................................................................... 513 
Table F.4 – Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) ........................................................................................ 536 
Table G.1 – Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) ....................................................................................... 566 
Table G.2 – Association between camera parameter variables and syntax elements ..................................................... 568 
Table G.3 – Definition of depth_representation_type .................................................................................................... 570 
Table G.4 – Association between depth parameter variables and syntax elements ........................................................ 570 
Table G.5 – Association between camera parameter variables and syntax elements. .................................................... 575 
Table H.1 – 16-phase luma resampling filter .................................................................................................................. 582 
Table H.2 – 16-phase chroma resampling filter .............................................................................................................. 583 
Table H.3 – Allowed values for syntax elements in the scalable format range extensions profiles ............................... 594 
Table H.4 – Bitstream indications for conformance to scalable range extensions profiles............................................. 595 
Table I.1 – Name association to prediction mode and partitioning type ......................................................................... 627 

 
    Rec. ITU-T H.265 v7 (11/2019)  xv 
Table I.2 – Specification of intra prediction mode and associated names ...................................................................... 633 
Table I.3 – Specification of divCoeff depending on sDenomDiv ................................................................................... 661 
Table I.4 – Association of ctxIdx and syntax elements for each initializationType in the initialization process ........... 675 
Table I.5 – Values of initValue for skip_intra_flag ctxIdx ............................................................................................. 675 
Table I.6 – Values of initValue for no_dim_flag ctxIdx ................................................................................................. 675 
Table I.7 – Values of initValue for depth_intra_mode_idx_flag ctxIdx ......................................................................... 676 
Table I.8 – Values of initValue for skip_intra_mode_idx ctxIdx ................................................................................... 676 
Table I.9 – Values of initValue for dbbp_flag ctxIdx ..................................................................................................... 676 
Table I.10 – Values of initValue for dc_only_flag ctxIdx .............................................................................................. 676 
Table I.11 – Values of initValue for iv_res_pred_weight_idx ctxIdx ............................................................................ 676 
Table I.12 – Values of initValue for illu_comp_flag ctxIdx ........................................................................................... 676 
Table I.13 – Values of initValue for depth_dc_present_flag ctxIdx ............................................................................... 676 
Table I.14 – Values of initValue for depth_dc_abs ctxIdx ............................................................................................. 677 
Table I.15 – Syntax elements and associated binarizations ............................................................................................ 677 
Table I.16 – Binarization for part_mode ......................................................................................................................... 678 
Table I.17 – Assignment of ctxInc to syntax elements with context coded bins ............................................................ 679 
Table I.18 – Specification of ctxInc using left and above syntax elements .................................................................... 680 
Table I.19 – Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) ....................................................................................... 685 
Table I.20 – Interpretation of depth_type ....................................................................................................................... 685 
Table I.21 – Locations of the top-left luma samples of constituent pictures packed in a picture with  
ViewIdx greater than 0 relative to the top-left luma sample of this picture ............................................................ 686 
 

xvi Rec. ITU-T H.265 v7 (11/2019)

Foreword

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of

telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T

is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view

to standardizing telecommunications on a world-wide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly

(WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups that, in turn, produce

Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in

WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology that fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards

are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form

the specialized system for world-wide standardization. National Bodies that are members of ISO and IEC participate in

the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to

deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest.

Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the

work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.

Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.

Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies casting a vote.

This Recommendation | International Standard was prepared jointly by ITU-T SG 16 Question 6/16, also known as

VCEG (Video Coding Experts Group), and by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11, also known as MPEG (Moving Picture

Experts Group). VCEG was formed in 1997 to maintain prior ITU-T video coding standards and develop new video

coding standard(s) appropriate for a wide range of conversational and non-conversational services. MPEG was formed in

1988 to establish standards for coding of moving pictures and associated audio for various applications such as digital

storage media, distribution, and communication.

In this Recommendation | International Standard Annexes A through I contain normative requirements and are an integral

part of this Recommendation | International Standard.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 v7 (11/2019) 1

Recommendation ITU-T H.265

High efficiency video coding

0 Introduction

0.1 General

This clause and its subclauses do not form an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard.

0.2 Prologue

As the costs for both processing power and memory have reduced, network support for coded video data has diversified,

and advances in video coding technology have progressed, the need has arisen for an industry standard for compressed

video representation with substantially increased coding efficiency and enhanced robustness to network environments.

Toward these ends the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group

(MPEG) formed a Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) in 2010 and a Joint Collaborative Team on 3D

Video Coding Extension Development (JCT-3V) in 2012 for development of a new

Recommendation | International Standard. This Recommendation | International Standard was developed in the JCT-VC

and the JCT-3V.

0.3 Purpose

This Recommendation | International Standard was developed in response to the growing need for higher compression of

moving pictures for various applications such as videoconferencing, digital storage media, television broadcasting,

internet streaming, and communications. It is also designed to enable the use of the coded video representation in a flexible

manner for a wide variety of network environments as well as to enable the use of multi-core parallel encoding and

decoding devices. The use of this Recommendation | International Standard allows motion video to be manipulated as a

form of computer data and to be stored on various storage media, transmitted and received over existing and future

networks and distributed on existing and future broadcasting channels. Supports for higher bit depths and enhanced

chroma formats, including the use of full-resolution chroma are provided. Support for scalability enables video

transmission on networks with varying transmission conditions and other scenarios involving multiple bit rate services.

Support for multiview enables representation of video content with multiple camera views and optional auxiliary

information. Support for 3D enables joint representation of video content and depth information with multiple camera

views.

0.4 Applications

This Recommendation | International Standard is designed to cover a broad range of applications for video content

including but not limited to the following:

 Broadcast (cable TV on optical networks / copper, satellite, terrestrial, etc.)

 Camcorders

 Content production and distribution

 Digital cinema

 Home cinema

 Internet streaming, download and play

 Medical imaging

 Mobile streaming, broadcast and communications

 Real-time conversational services (videoconferencing, videophone, telepresence, etc.)

 Remote video surveillance

 Storage media (optical disks, digital video tape recorder, etc.)

 Wireless display

2 Rec. ITU-T H.265 v7 (11/2019)

0.5 Publication and versions of this Specification

This Specification has been jointly developed by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving

Picture Experts Group (MPEG). It is published as technically-aligned twin text in both ITU-T and ISO/IEC. As the basis

text has been drafted to become both an ITU-T Recommendation and an ISO/IEC International Standard, the term

"Specification" (with capitalization to indicate that it refers to the whole of the text) is used herein when the text refers to

itself.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 1 refers to the first approved version of this Recommendation | International

Standard. The first edition published by ITU-T as Rec. ITU-T H.265 (04/2013) and by ISO/IEC as ISO/IEC 23008-2:2013

corresponded to the first version.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 2 refers to the integrated text additionally containing format range

extensions, scalability extensions, multiview extensions, additional supplement enhancement information, and

corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the Specification. The second edition published by ITU-T as

Rec. H.265 (10/2014) and by ISO/IEC as ISO/IEC 23008-2:2015 corresponded to the second version.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 3 refers to the integrated text additionally containing 3D extensions,

additional supplement enhancement information, and corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the

Specification. The third edition published by ITU-T as Rec. H.265 (04/2015) corresponded to the third version.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 4 refers to the integrated text additionally containing screen content coding

extensions profiles, scalable range extensions profiles, additional high throughput profiles, additional supplement

enhancement information, additional colour representation identifiers, and corrections to various minor defects in the

prior content of the Specification. The fourth edition published by ITU-T as Rec. H.265 (12/2016) and by ISO/IEC as

ISO/IEC 23008-2:2017 corresponded to the fourth version.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 5 refers to the integrated text additionally containing additional SEI

messages that include omnidirectional video SEI messages, a Monochrome 10 profile, a Main 10 Still Picture profile, and

corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the Specification. The fifth edition published by ITU-T as Rec.

H.265 (02/2018) corresponded to the fifth version.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 6 refers to the integrated text additionally containing additional SEI

messages for SEI manifest and SEI prefix, along with some corrections to the existing specification text. The sixth edition

published by ITU-T as Rec. H.265 (06/2019) corresponded to the sixth version.

Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO/IEC 23008-2 version 7 (the current version) refers to the integrated text additionally containing

the fisheye video information SEI message and the annotated regions SEI message, along with some corrections to the

existing specification text.

0.6 Profiles, tiers and levels

This Recommendation | International Standard is designed to be generic in the sense that it serves a wide range of

applications, bit rates, resolutions, qualities and services. Applications should cover, among other things, digital storage

media, television broadcasting and real-time communications. In the course of creating this Specification, various

requirements from typical applications have been considered, necessary algorithmic elements have been developed, and

these have been integrated into a single syntax. Hence, this Specification will facilitate video data interchange among

different applications.

Considering the practicality of implementing the full syntax of this Specification, however, a limited number of subsets

of the syntax are also stipulated by means of "profiles", "tiers" and "levels". These and other related terms are formally

defined in clause 3.

A "profile" is a subset of the entire bitstream syntax that is specified in this Recommendation | International Standard.

Within the bounds imposed by the syntax of a given profile, it is still possible to require a very large variation in the

performance of encoders and decoders depending upon the values taken by syntax elements in the bitstream such as the

specified size of the decoded pictures. In many applications, it is currently neither practical nor economical to implement

a decoder capable of dealing with all hypothetical uses of the syntax within a particular profile.

In order to deal with this problem, "tiers" and "levels" are specified within each profile. A level of a tier is a specified set

of constraints imposed on values of the syntax elements in the bitstream. These constraints may be simple limits on values.

Alternatively they may take the form of constraints on arithmetic combinations of values (e.g., picture width multiplied

by picture height multiplied by number of pictures decoded per second). A level specified for a lower tier is more

constrained than a level specified for a higher tier.

Coded video content conforming to this Recommendation | International Standard uses a common syntax. In order to

achieve a subset of the complete syntax, flags, parameters and other syntax elements are included in the bitstream that

signal the presence or absence of syntactic elements that occur later in the bitstream.

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