Oracle 11g R2数据库备份与恢复权威指南

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Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference, 11g Release 2 (11.2) 是一本详尽的指南，专为Oracle数据库管理员和维护人员设计，提供11.2版本的备份与恢复策略和技术。本书涵盖了Oracle数据库备份的关键要素，包括： 1. **RMAN（Recovery Manager）备份与恢复**：RMAN是Oracle推荐的主要备份工具，它提供了全面的逻辑和物理数据保护，包括增量备份、差异备份、全备以及归档日志管理。用户可以了解如何创建备份脚本、恢复策略，以及如何处理不同类型的故障恢复场景。 2. **RMAN数据传输**：书中详细解释了如何使用RMAN的远程复制功能，以便在不同的物理位置之间高效地同步和恢复数据，这对于灾难恢复至关重要。 3. **Oracle Flashback Technology**：这是一种强大的特性，允许用户回滚到过去的数据库状态，无论是交易级别的闪回操作，还是通过Flashback Data Archive进行长期历史数据的恢复。 4. **用户管理的备份与恢复**：除了RMAN外，还介绍了手动备份方法，如冷备份和热备份，以及如何配置和管理这些备份，确保数据的完整性和一致性。 5. **版权与作者信息**：该书由Lance Ashdown为主要作者，还有多位贡献者，他们共同提供了丰富的实战经验和专业知识，确保了内容的权威性和实用性。 6. **版权和许可**：本书受到严格的版权保护，只能在许可证协议的约束下使用，且包含使用和披露的限制。用户必须遵守协议中的条款，以合法地利用此资源。 Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference, 11g Release 2(11.2) 是一个宝贵的参考资料，对于数据库管理员和开发人员在规划、执行和管理Oracle数据库备份与恢复流程时，提供了不可或缺的知识和最佳实践。无论是日常维护还是应对突发事件，这本书都是必不可少的参考工具。

Summary of RMAN Commands

1-6 Backup and Recovery Reference

Summary of RMAN Commands

Table 1–2 provides a functional summary of RMAN commands that you can execute at

the RMAN prompt, within a RUN command, or both. All commands from previous

RMAN releases work with the current release, although some commands and options

are now deprecated (see Appendix A, "Deprecated RMAN Syntax"). For

command-line options for the RMAN client, refer to RMAN on page 3-59.

Table 1–2 Recovery Manager Commands

Command Purpose

@ (at sign) on page 2-2 Run a command file.

@@ (double at sign) on

page 2-4

Run a command file in the same directory as another command file that is

currently running. The @@ command differs from the @ command only when

run from within a command file.

ADVISE FAILURE on page 2-6 Display repair options.

ALLOCATE CHANNEL on

page 2-10

Establish a channel, which is a connection between RMAN and a database

instance.

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR

MAINTENANCE on page 2-13

Allocate a channel in preparation for issuing maintenance commands such as

DELETE.

ALTER DATABASE on page 2-17 Mount or open a database.

BACKUP on page 2-19 Back up database files, copies of database files, archived logs, or backup sets.

CATALOG on page 2-53 Add information about file copies and user-managed backups to the repository.

CHANGE on page 2-58 Mark a backup piece, image copy, or archived redo log as having the status

UNAVAILABLE or AVAILABLE; remove the repository record for a backup or

copy; override the retention policy for a backup or copy; update the recovery

catalog with the DB_UNIQUE_NAME for the target database.

CONFIGURE on page 2-66 Configure persistent RMAN settings. These settings apply to all RMAN

sessions until explicitly changed or disabled.

CONNECT on page 2-88 Establish a connection between RMAN and a target, auxiliary, or recovery

catalog database.

CONVERT on page 2-91 Convert data file formats for transporting tablespaces and databases across

platforms.

CREATE CATALOG on

page 2-104

Create the schema for the recovery catalog.

CREATE SCRIPT on page 2-107 Create a stored script and store it in the recovery catalog.

CROSSCHECK on page 2-111 Determine whether files managed by RMAN, such as archived logs, data file

copies, and backup pieces, still exist on disk or tape.

DELETE on page 2-115 Delete backups and copies, remove references to them from the recovery

catalog, and update their control file records to status DELETED.

DELETE SCRIPT on page 2-121 Delete a stored script from the recovery catalog.

DROP CATALOG on page 2-123 Remove the schema from the recovery catalog.

DROP DATABASE on page 2-125 Delete the target database from disk and unregisters it.

DUPLICATE on page 2-126 Use backups of the target database to create a duplicate database that you can

use for testing purposes or to create a standby database.

EXECUTE SCRIPT on

page 2-148

Run an RMAN stored script.

EXIT on page 2-151 Quit the RMAN executable.

Summary of RMAN Commands

About RMAN Commands 1-7

FLASHBACK DATABASE on

page 2-152

Return the database to its state at a previous time or SCN.

GRANT on page 2-158 Grant privileges to a recovery catalog user.

HOST on page 2-161 Invoke an operating system command-line subshell from within RMAN or run

a specific operating system command.

IMPORT CATALOG on

page 2-163

Imports the metadata from one recovery catalog into a different recovery

catalog.

LIST on page 2-166 Produce a detailed listing of backup sets or copies.

PRINT SCRIPT on page 2-187 Display a stored script.

QUIT on page 2-189 Exit the RMAN executable.

RECOVER on page 3-2 Apply redo log files and incremental backups to data files or data blocks

restored from backup or dataflow copies, to update them to a specified time.

page 3-16

RELEASE CHANNEL on

page 3-18

Release a channel that was allocated with an ALLOCATE CHANNEL command or

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE command.

REPAIR FAILURE on page 3-21 Repair one or more failures recorded in the automated diagnostic repository.

REPLACE SCRIPT on page 3-25 Replace an existing script stored in the recovery catalog. If the script does not

exist, then REPLACE SCRIPT creates it.

REPORT on page 3-28 Perform detailed analyses of the content of the recovery catalog.

RESET DATABASE on page 3-35 Inform RMAN that the SQL statement ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS

has been executed and that a new incarnation of the target database has been

created, or reset the target database to a prior incarnation.

RESTORE on page 3-37 Restore files from backup sets or from disk copies to the default or a new

location.

RESYNC CATALOG on page 3-53 Perform a full resynchronization, which creates a snapshot control file and then

copies any new or changed information from that snapshot control file to the

recovery catalog.

REVOKE on page 3-57 Revoke privileges from a recovery catalog user.

RMAN on page 3-59 Start RMAN from the operating system command line.

RUN on page 3-65 Execute a sequence of one or more RMAN commands, which are one or more

statements executed within the braces of RUN.

SEND on page 3-68 Send a vendor-specific quoted string to one or more specific channels.

SET on page 3-70 Set the value of various attributes that affect RMAN behavior for the duration

of a RUN block or a session.

SHOW on page 3-82 Display the current CONFIGURE settings.

SHUTDOWN on page 3-85 Shut down the target database. This command is equivalent to the SQL*Plus

SHUTDOWN command.

SPOOL on page 3-87 Write RMAN output to a log file.

SQL

on page 3-88 Execute a SQL statement from within Recovery Manager.

STARTUP on page 3-90 Start up the target database. This command is equivalent to the SQL*Plus

STARTUP command.

Table 1–2 (Cont.) Recovery Manager Commands

Command Purpose

Summary of RMAN Subclauses

1-8 Backup and Recovery Reference

Summary of RMAN Subclauses

Subclauses that are used in multiple commands are documented in a separate chapter

to avoid unnecessary duplication. The descriptions of commands that use these

subclauses include a cross-reference to the subclause entry in Chapter 4, "RMAN

Subclauses". Table 1–3 summarizes the RMAN subclauses.

SWITCH on page 3-92 Specify that a data file copy is now the current data file, that is, the data file

pointed to by the control file. This command is equivalent to the SQL statement

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE as it applies to data files.

TRANSPORT TABLESPACE on

page 3-96

Create transportable tablespace sets from backup for one or more tablespaces.

UNREGISTER on page 3-102 Unregister a database from the recovery catalog.

UPGRADE CATALOG on

page 3-105

Upgrade the recovery catalog schema from an older version to the version

required by the RMAN executable.

VALIDATE on page 3-107 Examine a backup set and report whether its data is intact. RMAN scans all of

the backup pieces in the specified backup sets and looks at the checksums to

verify that the contents can be successfully restored.

Table 1–3 Recovery Manager Subclauses

Subclause Specifies . . .

allocOperandList::= on

page 4-2

Channel control options such as PARMS and FORMAT

archivelogRecordSpecifier

on page 4-6

A range of archived redo log files

completedTimeSpec on

page 4-11

A time range during which the backup or copy completed

connectStringSpec on

page 4-13

The user name, password, and net service name for connecting to a target,

recovery catalog, or auxiliary database. The connection is necessary to

authenticate the user and identify the database

datafileSpec on page 4-15 A dataflow by filename or absolute file number

deviceSpecifier on page 4-16 The type of storage device for a backup or copy

fileNameConversionSpec on

page 4-17

Patterns to transform source to target filenames during BACKUP AS COPY,

CONVERT and DUPLICATE

forDbUniqueNameOption on

page 4-20

All databases in a Data Guard environment or a database with the specified

DB_UNIQUE_NAME

foreignlogRecordSpecifier

on page 4-21

A range of foreign archived redo log file

formatSpec on page 4-23 A filename format for a backup or copy

keepOption on page 4-26 A backup or copy should or should not be exempt from the current retention

policy

listObjList on page 4-29 Items that are displayed by the LIST command

maintQualifier on page 4-32 Additional options for maintenance commands such as DELETE and CHANGE

maintSpec on page 4-34 Files operated on by maintenance commands such as CHANGE, CROSSCHECK,

and DELETE

obsOperandList on page 4-36 Backups that are obsolete according to specified criteria

Table 1–2 (Cont.) Recovery Manager Commands

Command Purpose

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