远程泵浦EDFA驱动的40/10-Gb/s长距离WDM-PON系统

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"这篇文章提出了一种远程泵浦的基于掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的40-Gb/s下行链路和10-Gb/s上行链路长距离波分复用无源光网络(WDMPON)方案。该方案利用四相位移键控(QPSK)收发器实现40-Gb/s下行链路传输，并采用反射半导体光学放大器(RSOA)基础的强度调制直接检测(IM-DD)实现10-Gb/s上行链路传输。" 这篇研究中，作者们探讨了一种创新的WDMPON架构，旨在提高光网络的传输速率和覆盖范围。这种网络方案的核心是使用远程泵浦的EDFA，这是一种能显著增强光信号的器件，特别适合在长距离光通信中使用。EDFA通过掺杂铒元素来实现光纤内的光放大，从而补偿信号在长距离传输中因损耗而衰减的问题。 40-Gb/s的下行链路数据传输采用了QPSK调制技术。QPSK是一种多级调制方式，它同时改变光信号的幅度和相位，每四个可能的相位对应两个比特，从而在一个光载波上同时传输两个比特的信息。这种调制方法在保持高数据速率的同时，还能有效地减少信号的频谱占用，降低对信道带宽的需求。另一方面，10-Gb/s的上行链路数据传输则采用了RSOA和IM-DD。RSOA是一种能反射并放大光信号的半导体器件，特别适合于无源光网络的上行链路，因为它们无需外部泵浦源即可工作。IM-DD是一种简单的光接收技术，通过检测光信号的强度变化来解码信息，适用于处理由RSOA调制的光信号。此外，文中还提到了光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)均衡器的使用。FBG是一种特殊的光纤组件，能选择性地反射特定波长的光，用于校正信号的频率色散，确保高速光信号在长距离传输后仍能保持良好的时间同步和信号质量。这项提案通过结合高效调制技术（如QPSK）、高性能的光放大器（如RSOA）和波长选择性的光学元件（如FBG），为长距离WDMPON提供了更高的下行和上行传输速率，同时保证了信号质量和网络稳定性。这种解决方案对于提升未来宽带接入网和光纤城域网的性能具有重要意义。

COL 11(12), 120602(2013) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS December 10, 2013

Remotely pumped EDFA-based 40-Gb/s downstream

and 10-Gb/s upstream long-reach WDM PON

employing RSOA and FBG equalizer

Zhiguo Zhang

(

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Zhihui Cao

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Xue Chen

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Liqian Wang (

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), and Min Zhang (

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)

State Key Lab of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University

of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

∗

Corresponding author: zhangzhiguo@bupt.edu.cn

Received August 30, 2013; accepted November 5, 2013; posted online December 9, 2013

We propose a remotely pumped Er-doped ﬁber ampliﬁer (EDFA)-based 40-Gb/s downstream and 10-

Gb/s upstream transmission long-reach wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-

PON) scheme with downstream and upstream transmission implemented by quadrature phase-shift keying

(QPSK) transceiver and reﬂective semiconductor optical ampliﬁer (RSOA)-based intensity modulation

direct detection (IM-DD). Transmissions of the 40-Gb/s QPSK downstream, using a Mach-Zehnder mod-

ulator, and the 10-Gb/s non-return-to-zero on-oﬀ keying (NRZ-OOK) upstream, using a 1.2-GHz RSOA

equalized by ﬁber Bragg grating (FBG), are demonstrated with 40-km ﬁber transmission.

OCIS codes: 060.0060, 060.2330.

doi: 10.3788/COL201311.120602.

Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network

(WDM-PON) has been regarded as a promising solution

to meet the ever-increasing access bandwidth require-

ments for delivering gigabit per second data and video

services to a large number of users

[1−3]

. Given the expo-

nential growth of internet traﬃc and bandwidth-hungry

innovative services, WDM-PON access networks will mi-

grate to the 40 Gb/s per channel in the near future

[4,5]

Furthermore, long-reach optical links and large cover-

age are also becoming increasingly necessary with the

enhancement of the transmission rate and the network

capacity. The main challenges in the deployment of

WDM-PON technology in an access network involves

the low-cost and colorless light sources and avoidance

of utilizing expensive external modulators and receiver

in the optical network unit (ONU)

[6,7]

. A low-cost and

easy-integration solution is the utilization of a reﬂective

semiconductor optical ampliﬁer (RSOA)-based modula-

tor and intensity direct detection (DD) receiver at the

ONU

[8,9]

The modulation bandwidth of RSOA is limited to

1−3 GHz, resulting in the diﬃcult of achieving 10 Gb/s or

beyond 10 Gb/s of operation. Recently, several attempts

have been performed to operate these low-bandwidth de-

vices at 10 Gb/s and beyond, including advanced mod-

ulation formats

[10]

, post-detection electrical signal pro-

cessing (electronic equalization), and optical signal pro-

cessing (optical equalization)

[11,12]

. Typical electronic

equalization methods, including the decision-feedback

equalizer (DFE) and maximum likelihood sequence es-

timation (MLSE) equalizer, have also been investigated

in Refs. [13,14]. Typical optical equalization methods,

including delay interferometer (DI) and optical ﬁlter

(OF), have been investigated in Refs. [15,16]. However,

electronic equalization is mainly being implemented by

analog/digital converters and the electronic digital signal

process. Thus, high cost is a huge disadvantage when

the bit rate increases to 10 Gb/s or higher. Limited by

the precise multichannel matching between the multiple

pass-band channels of DI and the multiple uplink wave-

lengths transmitted by RSOAs, a DI is diﬃcult to use

as a multiple-channel optical equalizer because diﬀerent

channels are diﬃcult to independently and precisely ad-

just. Similarly, an OF (including the WDM ﬁlter) with

a ﬁxed pass-band also cannot satisfy the need for optical

equalization. Therefore, innovative low-cost equalization

solution with tunable bandpass, simple structure, and

easy implementation is still needed. Although 40-Gb/s

downstream transmission can be achieved using a chirp-

managed directly modulated laser in WDM-PON

[17]

, the

high spectral eﬃciency transmission scheme is still neces-

sary to improve the transmission distance limited by the

ﬁber dispersion and expand the variable length between

the optical line terminal (OLT) and diﬀerent ONUs in

WDM PON.

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is an innovative low-cost

equalization solution. Thus, it is a very attractive pas-

sive, linear, and compact component. Several schemes

have been performed to operate FBGs as chromatic dis-

persion (CD) compensator, OF, and optical equalizer in

an optical communication system

[18]

. In addition, as a

single bandpass and tunable ﬁlter, the bandpass of the

FBG can be ﬂexibly adjusted to satisfy the requirement

of a precise channel matching between the FBG pass-

band channel and the uplink wavelength transmitted by

RSOA. Therefore, compared with WDM and DI OFs,

the tunable FBG ﬁlter has signiﬁcant advantage. In this

letter, we ﬁrst propose a remotely pumped Er-doped

ﬁber ampliﬁer (RPEDFA)-based 40-Gb/s downstream

and 10-Gb/s upstream transmission long-reach WDM-

PON scheme. The downstream transmission is imple-

mented using quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)

transceivers, and the upstream transmission is imple-

mented using FBG optical equalizer-based RSOA mod-

1671-7694/2013/120602(4) 120602-1

 2013 Chinese Optics Letters

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