新手指南：掌握HTML、CSS与网页设计基础

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《学习网页设计：初学者指南》第三版是一本针对HTML、CSS以及网页图形设计的入门书籍，由Jennifer Niederst Robbins撰写，版权归属O'Reilly Media，Inc。本书旨在为零基础的学习者提供一个全面且实用的学习路径，帮助他们理解和掌握网页开发的基本原理和技术。在这一版的教程中，读者可以期待以下几个核心知识点： 1. **HTML基础知识**：作为网页设计的基础，HTML (HyperText Markup Language)部分将深入浅出地介绍HTML语言结构，包括标签、元素、属性和文档类型声明等。读者会学习如何构建网页的基本框架，如段落、标题、列表、链接等，并理解语义化的重要性。 2. **CSS布局与样式**：CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 是网页设计的灵魂，通过CSS，读者可以控制文本格式、颜色、布局和响应式设计。书中会讲解选择器、属性和值，以及盒模型、浮动、定位和布局技术，使读者能够创建出视觉上吸引人的网站。 3. **网页图形设计**：书中也会涉及基本的图形设计原则，如色彩理论、对比、重复和空白，帮助读者创建专业级的网站界面。此外，还会介绍如何使用CSS3和SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) 进行更复杂的图形效果和动画制作。 4. **版本更新与浏览器兼容性**：随着技术的发展，HTML和CSS不断迭代。书中会提及各个版本之间的差异，并教导如何处理不同浏览器间的兼容性问题，确保网站在各种平台上的良好展示。 5. **实践项目与案例分析**：为了帮助巩固理论知识，作者提供了多个实例和练习项目，让读者有机会在实际操作中应用所学内容。通过这些项目，初学者能逐渐提升技能并建立起自己的作品集。 6. **资源与社区支持**：书中还会推荐相关的在线资源、工具和社区，鼓励读者继续探索和发展，如开发者工具、在线课程和开源资源，以及参与开源项目。《学习网页设计：初学者指南》第三版是一本适合想要踏入网页设计领域的初学者的全面指南，它不仅教授技术知识，还注重培养良好的设计思维和实践能力，是学习现代网页设计不可或缺的参考书籍。

IN THIS PART

Chapter 1

Where Do I Start?

Chapter 2

How the Web Works

Chapter 3

The Nature of Web Design

GETTING STARTED

PART

IN THIS CHAPTER

Am I too late?

Where do I start?

What do I need to learn?

Do I need to learn Java?

What other languages do

I need to know?

What software

and equipment do I

need to buy?

The Web has been around for well over a decade now, experiencing euphoric

early expansion, an economic-driven bust, an innovation-driven rebirth, and

constant evolution along the way. One thing is certain: the Web as a com-

munication and commercial medium is here to stay.

For many people, it’s a call to action—a new career opportunity, an incentive

to keep up with competitors, or just a chance to get stuff out there for the

world to see. But the world of web design can also seem overwhelming.

Through my experience teaching web design courses and workshops, I’ve

had the opportunity to meet people of all backgrounds who are inter ested in

learning how to build web pages. Allow me to introduce you to just a few:

“I’ve been a print designer for 17 years, and now all my clients want web

sites.”

“I work as a secretary in a small office. My boss has asked me to put

together a small internal web site to share company information among

employees.”

“I’ve been a programmer for years, but I want to try my hand at more

visual design. I feel like the Web is a good opportunity to explore new

skills.”

“I am an artist and I want to know how to get samples of my paintings

and sculpture online.”

“I’m a designer who has watched all my colleagues switch to web design

in the last few years. I’m curious about it, but I feel like I may be too

late.”

Whatever the motivation, the first question is always the same: “Where do I

start?” It may seem like there is an overwhelming amount of stuff to learn and

it’s not easy to know where to jump in. But you have to start somewhere.

This chapter attempts to put the learning curve in perspective by answering

the most common questions I get asked by people ready to make the leap. It

provides an introduction to the disciplines, technologies, and tools associated

with web design.

WHERE DO I

START?

CHAPTER

Part I: Getting Started

Am I Too Late?

That’s an easy one—absolutely not! Although it may seem that everyone in

the whole world has a personal web page, or that your colleagues are all light-

years ahead of you in web experience, I can assure you that you’re not late.

The Web has become an essential part of standard business practice. We’re at

the point where we just assume that a business, regardless of its size, will have

a useful web site. It also remains a uniquely powerful tool for self-publishing,

whether to a small circle of friends or to a worldwide audience. We can be

certain that there will be a steady need for web designers and developers.

Where Do I Start?

Your particular starting point will no doubt depend on your background and

goals. However, a good first step for everyone is to get a basic understanding

of how the Web and web pages work. That you are reading this book now

shows that you are already on the right track. Once you learn the fundamen-

tals, there are plenty of resources on the Web and in bookstores for you to

further your learning in specific areas. One way to get up to speed quickly

is to take an introductory web design class. If you don’t have the luxury of a

full-semester course, even a weekend or one-day seminar can be extremely

useful in getting over that first hump.

You’ll learn that the term “web design” has come to encompass many skills,

and you don’t necessarily need to learn all of them (most people don’t). This

chapter introduces the various disciplines and paths you may take.

Similarly, there are many levels of involvement in web design, from just build-

ing a site for yourself to making it a full-blown career. You may enjoy being

a full-service web site developer or just specializing in one skill, like Flash

development. There are a lot of ways you can go.

If your involvement in web design is purely at the hobbyist level, or if you

have just one or two web projects you’d like to publish, you may find that a

combination of personal research (like reading this book), taking advantage

of available templates, and perhaps even investing in solid web design tools

(such as Dreamweaver from Adobe) may be all you need to accomplish the

task at hand.

If you are interested in pursuing web design as a career, you’ll need to bring

your skills up to a professional level. Employers may not require a web

design degree, but they will expect to see sample web sites that demonstrate

your skills and experience. These sites can be the result of class assignments,

personal projects, or a simple site for a small business. What’s important is

that they look professional and have clean, working HTML and style sheets

behind the scenes. Getting an entry-level job and working as part of a team is

The first step is

understanding the

fundamentals of how the

Web works.

I Just Want a Blog!

You don’t necessarily need to

become a web designer to start

publishing your words and pictures

on the Web. You can start your own

“blog” or personal journal site using

one of the free or inexpensive blog

hosting services. These services

provide templates that spare you

the need to learn HTML (although it

still doesn’t hurt). These are three of

the most popular as of this writing:

Blogger (

www.blogger.com

)

TypePad (

www.typepad.com

)

LiveJournal (

www.livejournal.

com

)

If you use a Mac, Apple’s iWeb

software makes it simple to publish

blogs (including video) using one of

several stylish templates.



What Do I Need to Learn?

Chapter 1, Where Do I Start

a great way to learn how larger sites are constructed and can help you decide

which aspects of web design you would like to pursue.

What Do I Need to Learn?

This one’s a big question. The short answer is “not everything.” A more accu-

rate answer depends on where you are starting and what you want to do.

As mentioned earlier, the term “web design” has become a catch-all for a

process that actually encompasses a number of different disciplines, from

graphic design to serious programming. We’ll take a look at each of them.

If you are designing a small web site on your own, you will need to wear

many hats. The good news is that you probably won’t notice. Consider that

the day-to-day upkeep of your household requires you to be part-time chef,

housecleaner, accountant, diplomat, gardener, and construction worker—but

to you it’s just the stuff you do around the house. In the same way, as a solo

web designer, you’ll be part-time graphic designer, writer, producer, and infor-

mation architect, but to you, it’ll just feel like “making web pages.” Nothing

to worry about.

There are also specialists out there whom you can hire to fill in the skills you

don’t have. For example, I have been creating web sites for more than a decade

and I still hire programmers and multimedia developers when my clients

require those features. That allows me to focus on the parts I do well.

Large-scale web sites are almost always created by a team of people, number-

ing from a handful to hundreds. In this scenario, each member of the team

focuses on just one facet of the site building process. If that is the case, you

may be able to simply adapt your current set of skills and interests to the

new medium.

The following are some of the core disciplines involved in the web design

process, along with brief descriptions of the skills required in each area.

Graphic design

Because the Web is a visual medium, web pages require attention to presenta-

tion and design. The graphic designer makes decisions regarding everything

you see on a web page: graphics, type, colors, layout, etc. As in the print

world, graphic designers play an important role in the success of the final

product. If you work as a graphic designer in the web design process, you may

never need to learn any backend programming languages. (I didn’t.)

If you are interested in doing the visual design of commercial sites profes-

sionally, I strongly recommend graphic design training as well as a strong

proficiency in Adobe Photoshop (the industry standard). If you are already

a graphic designer, you will be able to adapt your skills to the Web easily.

If you are not interested

in becoming a jack-of-all-

trades solo web designer,

you may choose to

specialize and work as part

of a team or as a freelance

contractor.

If you are not interested

in becoming a jack-of-all-

trades solo web designer,

you may choose to

specialize and work as part

of a team or as a freelance

contractor.

“Web design” actually combines a

number of disciplines, including:

Graphic design

Information design

Interface design

HTML, style sheet, and graphic

production

Scripting and programming

Multimedia



A t A G l A n c e

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