Windows操作系统深入解析：第5版精华概览

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"深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版 - Microsoft.Press.Windows.Internals.5th.Edition" 本书《深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版》由Mark E. Russinovich、David A. Solomon与Alex Ionescu合作撰写，是了解Windows Server 2008和Windows Vista操作系统内部工作原理的重要参考文献。书中详细探讨了Windows操作系统的各个方面，包括系统架构、进程管理、内存管理、文件系统、网络协议栈以及安全性等关键领域。作者Mark Russinovich和David Solomon在业界享有盛誉，他们通过深入浅出的方式，揭示了Windows操作系统的核心机制，帮助读者理解操作系统如何管理和调度系统资源，如何处理硬件中断，以及如何实现多任务并行运行。此外，Alex Ionescu的加入为本书带来了新的视角和技术深度，他在系统内核编程方面的专业知识为读者提供了更全面的理解。书中的内容涵盖了： 1. **系统架构**：详细介绍了Windows操作系统的基础结构，包括进程、线程、调度策略以及内存模型。 2. **硬件抽象层（HAL）**：解释了HAL如何使Windows操作系统能适应不同的硬件平台，确保兼容性。 3. **进程和线程管理**：探讨了进程的创建、销毁，线程的调度，以及进程间的通信机制。 4. **内存管理**：讲解了虚拟内存、页面交换、内存分配和释放策略，以及内存保护机制。 5. **文件系统**：深入分析了NTFS和FAT文件系统的工作原理，包括文件的创建、删除、读写操作。 6. **网络协议栈**：详细阐述了TCP/IP协议栈的实现，包括网络接口、套接字编程、路由和网络安全。 7. **安全性**：讨论了Windows的安全模型，包括权限控制、访问令牌、安全标识符（SID）以及加密技术。 8. **驱动程序开发**：介绍了驱动程序的类型和开发过程，以及驱动签名和调试技术。此外，书中还包含了大量实例和实际操作技巧，帮助读者在实践中应用所学知识。同时，附带的案例研究和故障排查指南对于系统管理员和开发者来说尤为实用。通过阅读此书，读者可以深入理解Windows操作系统的复杂性，并能够更好地优化系统性能，解决系统问题，甚至进行系统级的编程和调试工作。《深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版》是一本面向高级用户、系统管理员、软件开发者和研究人员的权威指南，无论你是想深入学习操作系统原理，还是寻求解决实际问题的方法，这本书都能提供宝贵的资源和启示。

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xvi Table of Contents

NTFS Recovery Support .............................................974

Design .......................................................975

Metadata Logging.............................................976

Recovery .....................................................981

NTFS Bad-Cluster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985

Self-Healing...................................................989

Encrypting File System Security.......................................990

Encrypting a File for the First Time...............................993

The Decryption Process ........................................998

Backing Up Encrypted Files .....................................999

Conclusion........................................................1000

12 Networking ..........................................1001

Windows Networking Architecture...................................1001

The OSI Reference Model......................................1001

Windows Networking Components.............................1003

Networking APIs...................................................1006

Windows Sockets.............................................1006

Winsock Kernel (WSK).........................................1012

Remote Procedure Call........................................1014

Web Access APIs..............................................1018

Named Pipes and Mailslots ....................................1021

NetBIOS.....................................................1027

Other Networking APIs........................................1030

Multiple Redirector Support.........................................1033

Multiple Provider Router ......................................1034

Multiple UNC Provider ........................................1037

Name Resolution ..................................................1039

Domain Name System.........................................1039

Windows Internet Name Service................................1039

Peer Name Resolution Protocol ................................1039

Location and Topology.............................................1042

Network Location Awareness (NLA).............................1042

Link-Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD)...........................1043

Protocol Drivers ...................................................1044

Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) ..............................1047

NDIS Drivers ......................................................1053

Variations on the NDIS Miniport................................1057

Connection-Oriented NDIS ....................................1057

Table of Contents xvii

Remote NDIS ................................................1060

QoS.........................................................1062

Binding...........................................................1064

Layered Network Services ..........................................1066

Remote Access ...............................................1066

Active Directory..............................................1066

Network Load Balancing ......................................1068

Distributed File System and DFS Replication......................1069

Conclusion........................................................1071

13 Startup and Shutdown.................................1073

Boot Process ......................................................1073

BIOS Preboot ................................................1073

The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr.............................1077

The EFI Boot Process..........................................1086

Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems..................1088

Smss, Csrss, and Wininit .......................................1094

ReadyBoot...................................................1099

Images That Start Automatically ................................1100

Troubleshooting Boot and Startup Problems ..........................1101

Last Known Good.............................................1101

Safe Mode...................................................1101

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)........................1106

Solving Common Boot Problems ...............................1109

Shutdown.........................................................1115

Conclusion........................................................1118

14 Crash Dump Analysis ..................................1119

Why Does Windows Crash? .........................................1119

The Blue Screen ...................................................1120

Troubleshooting Crashes............................................1124

Crash Dump Files ..................................................1125

Crash Dump Generation .......................................1130

Windows Error Reporting...........................................1131

Online Crash Analysis ..............................................1133

Basic Crash Dump Analysis ..........................................1134

Notmyfault ..................................................1134

Basic Crash Dump Analysis.....................................1135

Verbose Analysis .............................................1137

xix

Foreword

It’s both a pleasure and an honor for me to write the foreword for this latest edition of

Windows Internals. Many signiﬁcant changes have occurred in Windows since the last edition

of the book, and David, Mark, and Alex have done an excellent job of updating the book to

address them. Whether you are new to Windows internals or an old hand at kernel develop-

ment, you will ﬁnd lots of detailed analysis and examples to help improve your understand-

ing of the core mechanisms of Windows as well as the general principles of operating system

design.

Today, Windows enjoys unprecedented breadth and depth in the computing world. Variants

of the original Windows NT design run on everything from Xbox game consoles to desktop

and laptop computers to clusters of servers with dozens of processors and petabytes of stor-

age. Advances such as hypervisors, 64-bit computing, multicore and many-core processor

designs, ﬂash-based storage, and wireless and peer-to-peer networking continue to provide

plenty of interesting and innovative areas for operating system design.

One such area of innovation is security. Over the past decade, the entire computing indus-

try—and Microsoft in particular—has been confronted with huge new threats, and security

has become the top issue facing many of our customers. Attacks such as Blaster and Sasser

threatened to bring the entire Internet to its knees, and Windows was at the eye of the hur-

ricane. It was obvious to us that we could no longer afford to do business as usual, as many

of the usability and simplicity features designed into Windows were being used to attack it

for nefarious reasons. At ﬁrst the hackers were teenagers trying to gain notoriety by breaking

into systems or adding grafﬁti to a corporate Web site, but pretty soon the attacks intensiﬁed

and went underground. The hackers became more sophisticated and evaded inspection. You

rarely see headlines about viruses and worms these days, but make no mistake—botnets and

identity theft are big business today, as are industrial and government espionage through

targeted attacks.

In January 2002, Bill Gates sent his now-famous “Trustworthy Computing” memorandum to

all Microsoft employees. It was a call to action that resonated well and charted the course

for how we would build software and conduct business over the coming years. Nearly the

entire Windows engineering team was diverted to work on Windows XP SP2, a service pack

dedicated almost entirely to improving the security of the operating system. The Security

Development Lifecycle (SDL) was developed and applied to all Microsoft products, with

particular emphasis on Windows Vista as the ﬁrst version of the operating system designed

from the ground up to be secure. SDL speciﬁes strict guidelines and processes for secure

software development. Sophisticated tools have been developed to scan everything from

source code to system binaries to network protocols for common security vulnerabilities.

Every time a new security vulnerability is discovered, it is analyzed, and mitigations are devel-

oped to address that potential attack vector. Windows Vista has now been in the market for

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