
General Description
The Realtek RTL8189ES is a highly integrated single-chip 802.11n Wireless LAN
(WLAN) network SDIO interface (SDIO 1.1/ 2.0/ 3.0 compliant) controller. It is a
WLAN MAC, a 1T1R capable WLAN baseband, and WLAN RF in a single chip. The
RTL8189ES provides a complete solution for a high throughput performance integrated
wireless LAN device.
The RTL8189ES WLAN baseband implements Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)with 1 transmit and 1 receive path and is compatible with the IEEE
802.11n specification. Features include one spatial stream transmission, short guard
interval (GI) of 400ns, spatial spreading, and transmission over20MHz and 40MHz
bandwidth.
For legacy compatibility, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Complementary
Code Keying (CCK)and OFDM baseband processing are included to support all IEEE
802.11b and 802.11g data rates.Differential phase shift keying modulation schemes,
DBPSK and DQPSK with data scrambling capability,are available, and CCK provides
support for legacy data rates, with long or short preamble. The high-speed FFT/IFFT
paths, combined with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM modulation of the individual
subcarriers and rate compatible punctured convolutional coding with coding rate of 1/2,
2/3, 3/4, and 5/6,provide higher data rates of 54Mbps and 150Mbps for IEEE 802.11g
and 802.11n OFDM respectively.
The RTL8189ES WLAN Controller builds in an enhanced signal detector, an adaptive
frequency domain equalizer, and a soft-decision Viterbi decoder to alleviate severe
multi-path effects and mutual interference in the reception of multiple streams. Robust
interference detection and suppression are provided to protect against Bluetooth, cordless
phone, and microwave oven interference.
Efficient IQ-imbalance, DC offset, phase noise, frequency offset, and timing offset
compensations are provided for the radio frequency front-end. Selectable digital transmit
and receive FIR filters are provided to meet transmit spectrum mask requirements and to
reject adjacent channel interference, respectively.
The RTL8189ES WLAN Controller supports fast receiver Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
with synchronous and asynchronous control loops among antennas, antenna diversity
functions, and adaptive transmit power control function to obtain the better performance
in the analog portions of the transceiver.
The RTL8189ES WLAN MAC supports 802.11e for multimedia applications, 802.11i for
security, and 802.11n for enhanced MAC protocol efficiency. Using packet aggregation
techniques such as A-MPDU with BA and A-MSDU, protocol efficiency is significantly
improved. Power saving mechanisms such as Legacy Power Save, and U-APSD, reduce
the power wasted during idle time, and compensates for the extra power required to
transmit OFDM. The RTL8189ES provides simple legacy and 20MHz/40MHz
co-existence mechanisms to ensure backward and network compatibility.