UML与模式应用实战(第二版)

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"Applying UML and Patterns(第二版) 是一本经典的 UML 教程,适合从初级到专家级别的学习者,重点在于如何有效运用 UML,而非仅停留在理论的晦涩层面。这本书覆盖了 UML(统一建模语言)、OOA(面向对象分析)和 OOD(面向对象设计)的相关内容。" 在本书中,作者引入了Sample Unified Process(样本统一过程),这是一个用于软件开发的迭代方法,强调了不同阶段之间的艺术作品(Artifacts)和时间安排(Timing)。例如,Inception(构思)、Elaboration(细化)、Construction(构建)和Transition(过渡)这四个迭代阶段,每个阶段都有其特定的任务和目标。 1. Inception(构思)阶段:在这个阶段,主要创建Business Modeling(业务建模)和Domain Model(领域模型)。Business Modeling帮助理解业务流程,而Domain Model则描绘了系统的核心概念和关系。此外,还会制定Vision(愿景)文档,定义项目的目标和范围,以及Supplementary Specification(补充规格说明)和Glossary(词汇表)。 2. Elaboration(细化)阶段:这个阶段进一步细化Use-Case Model(用例模型),并开始设计Design Model(设计模型)和Software Architecture Document(软件架构文档)。同时,Data Model(数据模型)也开始形成,用于定义系统的数据结构。 3. Construction(构建)阶段:此阶段专注于Implementation Model(实现模型)的开发,包括编写代码和测试。Project Management(项目管理)也非常重要,如SW Development Plan(软件开发计划),确保项目的进度和质量。 4. Transition(过渡)阶段:测试Model(测试模型)在此阶段得到验证,确保软件符合预期。同时,Development Case(开发案例)记录了开发过程,供后期参考。 书中还提到了Use Cases(用例)和System Sequence Diagrams(系统顺序图),如"Process Sale",它展示了客户购买商品的过程。通过Use Cases,我们可以明确系统必须支持的操作,如"make NewSale()"。而System Sequence Diagrams则详细描绘了这些操作的执行顺序,比如"Register",它需要输入商品ID和数量,通过调用Product Catalog获取规格,然后添加到销售单中。 设计模型与领域模型紧密相连,领域中的概念类(conceptual classes in the domain)启发了设计中的软件类命名。例如,"makeNewSale()" 方法是用例"New Sale"的实现,它涉及了"ProductCatalog"和"Sale"等概念,反映了设计是如何从需求中派生出来的。 "Applying UML and Patterns(第二版)"提供了全面的UML实践指南,不仅讲解了UML的符号和图表,还展示了如何将这些工具应用于实际的面向对象分析和设计中,从而帮助读者掌握高效开发软件的方法。

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