探索：MS SQL Server 2008 技术解析

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"MS SQL Server 2008的介绍" SQL Server 2008是微软公司推出的一款企业级数据库管理系统，它在2008年发布，是SQL Server产品线的重要版本。此版本带来了许多增强功能和改进，旨在提高数据存储、管理和分析的效率，同时确保数据的安全性和可用性。在SQL Server 2008中，以下几个核心知识点值得深入探讨： 1. **数据加密**：SQL Server 2008引入了透明数据加密（TDE），这使得数据库、日志文件以及备份可以在不改变应用程序的情况下进行加密，增强了数据安全性。 2. **数据类型增强**：新引入的日期/时间数据类型如DATE、TIME、DATETIMEOFFSET和DATETIME2，提供了更精确和灵活的时间管理，解决了旧版本中日期时间处理的问题。 3. **FILESTREAM支持**：FILESTREAM功能允许将大量非结构化数据如图像或文档，存储在文件系统中，同时仍能通过Transact-SQL进行查询，提高了大文件存储的效率。 4. **主数据服务（MDS）**：这是一个新的组件，用于实现数据的主数据管理，确保在整个企业中有一致且准确的关键数据源。 5. **集成服务（SSIS）**：SQL Server Integration Services在2008版本中得到增强，提供了更强大的ETL（提取、转换、加载）能力，支持更多数据清洗和转换操作。 6. **报告服务（SSRS）**：SQL Server Reporting Services的改进包括更好的交互式报表和仪表板，支持更丰富的数据可视化，以及对移动设备的支持。 7. **性能优化**：SQL Server 2008引入了性能数据仓库和SQL Server Profiler的新特性，帮助管理员监控和优化数据库性能。 8. **资源Governance**：资源Governance功能允许管理员设置资源限制，确保数据库服务器的稳定运行，防止单一查询占用过多资源。 9. **Policy-Based Management（基于策略的管理）**：提供了一种集中管理和执行策略的方式，简化了数据库环境的合规性和一致性管理。 10. **PowerShell支持**：SQL Server 2008开始支持Windows PowerShell，这为数据库管理提供了新的自动化工具和脚本编写方式。 11. **Service Broker**：服务总线的改进提升了异步消息传递的能力，促进了数据库间的通信和应用程序的解耦。 12. **备份与恢复的改进**：支持差异备份和增量备份，减少了备份时间，同时支持在线备份，降低了业务中断的风险。 SQL Server 2008是一个全面的数据库平台，它集成了众多功能，旨在满足企业级数据管理的各种需求，提供更高效、安全和可扩展的解决方案。对于开发人员、DBA和IT专业人员来说，理解并掌握这些新特性对于提升工作效率和优化数据库性能至关重要。

xvi

And last but not least, I would like to thank my Microsoft mentors who assisted

with my career development and transition to the Microsoft Technology Center in

Silicon Valley: Kelly Oliver, Alex Viera, Buck Woody, Kevin Tsai, and Burzin Patel.

—Ross Mistry

he chapters of Part II covering the BI features of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2

are more complete and more accurate thanks to the efforts of the members

of each product team who graciously participated in the review process. I’d like to

thank the following people for their contributions:

■

SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse Barbara Kess, Senior

Technical Writer; Christian Kleinerman, Principal Product Unit Manager;

Paul Dyke, Principal Architect; Richard Tkachuk, Principal Program Man-

ager; Sadek Noureddine, Software Development Engineer; and Edward

Melomed, Senior Program Manager

■

SQL Server 2008 R2 Master Data Services John McAllister, Principal

Group Program Manager; Reagan Templin, Technical Writer; and Val Lovicz,

Principal Program Manager

■

SQL Server StreamInsight Mark Simms, Senior Program Manager, Ap-

plication Platform Customer Advisory Team

■

SQL Server 2008 R2 Reporting Services Thierry D’Hers, Group Pro-

gram Manager; Neeraja Divakaruni, Program Manager; Carolyn Chau, Prin-

cipal Program Manager Lead; Lukasz Pawlowski, Senior Program Manager;

Yi Liao, Senior Program Manager; Prash Shirolkar, Program Manager; Sean

Boon, Senior Program Manager; and Robert Bruckner, Senior Software

Development Engineer

■

SQL Server PowerPivot Dave Wickert, Principal Program Manager

I’d also like to thank Sabrena McBride, Senior Product Manager, for her review

of the entire book.

Last, but not least, I’d like to thank Ken Jones, former product planner, for

inviting me to this project; Karen Szall, developmental editor, for helping us get

started; and Maria Gargiulo, project editor, for patiently but rmly guiding us

through the remainder of the project. I also thank Kathy Krause, Rozanne Whalen,

and Kathleen Atkins for their roles during the copyediting, technical review, and

proofreading processes. And nally, my thanks go also to Ross Mistry for his work

on the chapters of Part I and his encouragement during the inevitable challenges

related to working with pre-release software on a tight schedule.

Please accept our apologies if we missed anyone.

—Stacia Misner

xvii

Introduction

ur purpose in Introducing Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 is to point out both

the new and the improved in the latest version of SQL Server. Because this

version is Release 2 (R2) of SQL Server 2008, you might think the changes are

relatively minor—more than a service pack, but not enough to justify an entirely

new version. However, as you read this book, we think you will nd that there are a

lot of exciting enhancements and new capabilities engineered into SQL Server 2008 R2

that will have a positive impact on your applications, ranging from improvements

in operation to those in management. It is denitely not a minor release!

Who Is This Book For?

This book is for anyone who has an interest in SQL Server 2008 R2 and wants to

understand its capabilities. In a book of this size, we cannot cover every feature

that distinguishes SQL Server from other databases, and consequently we assume

that you have some familiarity with SQL Server already. You might be a data-

base administrator (DBA), an application developer, a power user, or a technical

decision maker. Regardless of your role, we hope that you can use this book to

discover the features in SQL Server 2008 R2 that are most benecial to you.

How Is This Book Organized?

SQL Server 2008 R2, like its predecessors, is more than a database engine. It is a

collection of components that you can implement either separately or as a group

to form a scalable data platform. In broad terms, this data platform consists of

two types of components—those that help you manage data and those that help

you deliver business intelligence (BI). Accordingly, we have divided this book into

two parts to focus on the new capabilities for each of these areas.

Part I, “Database Administration,” is written with the DBA in mind and introduc-

es readers to the numerous innovations in SQL Server 2008 R2. Chapter 1, “SQL

Server 2008 R2 Editions and Enhancements,” discusses the key enhancements,

what’s new in the different editions of SQL Server 2008 R2, and the benets of

running SQL Server 2008 R2 on Windows Server 2008 R2. In Chapter 2, “Multi-

Server Administration,” readers learn how centralized management capabilities

xviii Introduction

are improved with the introduction of the SQL Server Utility Control Point. Step-

by-step instructions show DBAs how to quickly designate a SQL Server instance as

a Utility Control Point and enroll instances for centralized multi-server manage-

ment. Chapter 3, “Data-Tier Applications,” focuses on how to streamline deploy-

ment and manage and upgrade database applications with the new data-tier ap-

plication feature. Chapter 4, “High Availability and Virtualization Enhancements,”

covers high availability enhancements and includes step-by-step implementations

for ensuring business continuity with SQL Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008

R2, and Hyper-V Live Migration. Finally, in Chapter 5, “Consolidation and Moni-

toring,” a discussion on consolidation strategies teaches readers how to improve

resource optimization. This chapter also explains how to use the new dashboard

and viewpoints to gain insight into application and database utilization, and it also

covers how to use capacity policy violations to help identify consolidation oppor-

tunities, maximize investments, and ultimately maintain healthier systems.

In Part II, “Business Intelligence Development,” readers discover components

new to the SQL Server data platform, as well as signicant enhancements to the

reporting component. Chapter 6, “Scalable Data Warehousing,” introduces the

data warehouse appliance known as SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse

by explaining its architecture, reviewing data layout strategies for optimal query

performance, and describing the integration points with SQL Server BI com-

ponents. In Chapter 7, “Master Data Services,” readers learn about master data

management concepts and the new Master Data Services component. Chapter 8,

“Complex Event Processing with StreamInsight,” describes scenarios that benet

from complex event analysis, and it illustrates how to develop applications that

use the SQL Server StreamInsight engine for complex event processing. Chapter

9, “Reporting Services Enhancements,” reviews all the new features available in

SQL Server 2008 R2 Reporting Services that support self-service reporting and

address common report design problems. Last, Chapter 10, “Self-Service Analysis

with PowerPivot,” continues the theme of self-service by explaining how users can

integrate disparate data for analysis by using SQL Server PowerPivot for Excel, and

how to centralize and share the results of this analysis by using SQL Server Power-

Pivot for SharePoint.

Pre-Release Software

To help you get familiar with SQL Server 2008 R2 as early as possible after its

release, we wrote this book using examples that work with the Release Candidate

0 (RC0) version of the product. Consequently, the nal version might include new

features, and features we discuss might change or disappear. Refer to the “What’s

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