Python ReportLab库：图形与文本处理PDF教程

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报告实验室用户指南("ReportLabPDFLibrary UserGuide") 是 ReportLab 库的官方文档，适用于版本 3.5.0。该文档详细介绍了如何在 Python 中利用 ReportLab 进行图形绘制、文本编辑以及生成 PDF 文件。ReportLab 是一个强大的工具包，它允许开发者在 Python 环境下创建专业级的 PDF 输出，包括图表、表格和高质量的文字排版。在第一部分"Introduction"（第 1 章），文档首先定义了文档的目的，阐述 ReportLabPDFLibrary 是什么，它是 Wimbletech 公司的产品，专门用于在 Python 中创建 PDF 内容。章节中还提到了 ReportLab 的商业软件，以及 Python 的基本概念，让读者对整体框架有清晰理解。 "Installation and Setup" 部分讲述了如何安装和配置 ReportLab，以便在项目中使用。此外，文档还鼓励读者参与社区交流，分享经验和学习资源，同时提到如何通过 Site Configuration 自定义设置以适应不同的需求。 "Graphics and Text with pdfgen"（第 2 章）是核心内容，详细讲解了如何通过 PdfGen 类进行基础操作。这部分包括了基本概念，如 Canvas（绘图板）的使用，以及各种绘图操作如线条、矩形、圆形和贝塞尔曲线的绘制方法。文本对象的创建和处理，例如字体选择、颜色管理和文本渲染，以及路径和线条的创建也在此处介绍。此外，文档还特别关注颜色空间的检查和颜色叠加（color overprinting）的重要性，确保输出的视觉效果准确。文本对象的方法也被深入剖析，以便精确控制文本的样式和位置。为了帮助读者进一步学习，章节末尾推荐了 The ReportLab Graphics User Guide 等参考资料，以便于深入研究和实践。 ReportLab 用户指南提供了一个全面的指南，不仅涵盖了如何使用 ReportLab 生成 PDF，还涵盖了图形和文本处理的各个方面，旨在使 Python 开发者能够熟练地创建复杂而专业的 PDF 输出。通过阅读和实践这份文档，开发者能够更好地理解和掌握 ReportLab 在 Python 项目中的应用。

canvas.skew(alpha, beta)

All PDF drawings fit into a specified page size. Elements drawn outside of the specified page size are not vis-

ible. Furthermore all drawn elements are passed through an affine transformation which may adjust their loca-

tion and/or distort their appearence. The setPageSize method adjusts the current page size. The

transform, translate, scale, rotate, and skew methods add additional transformations to the cur-

rent transformation. It is important to remember that these transformations are incremental -- a new transform

modifies the current transform (but does not replace it).

State control

canvas.saveState()

canvas.restoreState()

Very often it is important to save the current font, graphics transform, line styles and other graphics state in

order to restore them later. The saveState method marks the current graphics state for later restoration by

a matching restoreState. Note that the save and restore method invokation must match -- a restore call

restores the state to the most recently saved state which hasn't been restored yet. You cannot save the state on

one page and restore it on the next, however -- no state is preserved between pages.

2.6 Other canvas methods.

Not all methods of the canvas object fit into the "tool" or "toolbox" categories. Below are some of the mis-

fits, included here for completeness.

canvas.setAuthor()

canvas.addOutlineEntry(title, key, level=0, closed=None)

canvas.setTitle(title)

canvas.setSubject(subj)

canvas.pageHasData()

canvas.showOutline()

canvas.bookmarkPage(name)

canvas.bookmarkHorizontalAbsolute(name, yhorizontal)

canvas.doForm()

canvas.beginForm(name, lowerx=0, lowery=0, upperx=None, uppery=None)

canvas.endForm()

canvas.linkAbsolute(contents, destinationname, Rect=None, addtopage=1, name=None, **kw)

canvas.linkRect(contents, destinationname, Rect=None, addtopage=1, relative=1, name=None, **kw)

canvas.getPageNumber()

canvas.addLiteral()

canvas.getAvailableFonts()

canvas.stringWidth(self, text, fontName, fontSize, encoding=None)

canvas.setPageCompression(onoff=1)

canvas.setPageTransition(self, effectname=None, duration=1,

direction=0,dimension='H',motion='I')

2.7 Coordinates (default user space)

By default locations on a page are identified by a pair of numbers. For example the pair (4.5*inch,

1*inch) identifies the location found on the page by starting at the lower left corner and moving to the right

4.5 inches and up one inch.

For example, the following function draws a number of elements on a canvas.

def coords(canvas):

from reportlab.lib.units import inch

from reportlab.lib.colors import pink, black, red, blue, green

c = canvas

c.setStrokeColor(pink)

c.grid([inch, 2*inch, 3*inch, 4*inch], [0.5*inch, inch, 1.5*inch, 2*inch, 2.5*inch])

c.setStrokeColor(black)

c.setFont("Times-Roman", 20)

c.drawString(0,0, "(0,0) the Origin")

c.drawString(2.5*inch, inch, "(2.5,1) in inches")

c.drawString(4*inch, 2.5*inch, "(4, 2.5)")

c.setFillColor(red)

User Guide Chapter 2 Graphics and Text with pdfgen

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