微软ASP.NET SignalR聊天应用开发教程

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《聊天应用程序》是一本由José M. Aguilar撰写的专业书籍，隶属于Microsoft Press，旨在展示SignalR在开发实时通信应用中的关键应用。本书聚焦于两个核心任务：一是构建服务器端的主要协调对象——hub，二是利用SignalR jQuery库进行消息的发送与接收。首先，SignalR是微软推出的一个用于实现实时通信的框架，它允许在Web应用程序中创建双向数据流，使得服务器可以推送信息给客户端而无需客户端频繁轮询。在本书中，作者详细介绍了如何设计一个聊天应用，其中hub作为中心节点，负责管理连接的所有客户端，并处理他们之间的交互。Hub是SignalR架构的核心组成部分，它定义了客户端可以调用的方法，这些方法会在所有连接的客户端上触发，从而实现即时通讯功能。其次，作者展示了如何在前端利用SignalR jQuery库进行实际操作。读者将学习到如何创建客户端连接、订阅和取消订阅hub的方法，以及如何发送和接收来自服务器的消息。jQuery库提供了一套易于使用的API，使得开发者能够快速集成SignalR到他们的JavaScript代码中，简化了实时通信的实现过程。书中还可能包括对错误处理、性能优化、安全性和可扩展性的讨论，这些都是在实际开发实时应用时需要考虑的关键要素。此外，为了确保代码的可靠性和兼容性，作者可能会介绍如何测试和调试SignalR应用程序，以及如何在不同浏览器和设备上运行。版权方面，这本书受到严格的版权保护，未经出版商Microsoft Press许可，不得任何形式复制或传播内容。同时，书中包含了示例公司的案例、组织结构、产品名称和域名，这些都是为了帮助读者更好地理解和应用所学知识。《聊天应用程序》是一本深入浅出的教程，适合想要学习SignalR并将其应用于实际项目中的开发人员。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能掌握实时通信的基础，还能了解到如何将其融入到Microsoft ASP.NET Web应用中，提升用户体验和系统的实时交互能力。如果你正在寻求开发实时应用的实用指南，这本书无疑是一个宝贵资源。

xiv Introduction

Although not strictly necessary, the reader might benet from some prior knowl-

edge about development with jQuery, Windows Phone 8, or WinRT for the chapters

that develop examples and contents related to them. Familiarity with techniques such

as unit testing, mocking, and dependency injection to get the most out of the nal

chapters could also prove helpful.

Who should not read this book

Readers who do not know the .NET platform and C# will not be able to benet from

this book. If you do not have prior knowledge of JavaScript, it will be difcult to follow

the book’s explanations.

Organization of this book

This book is structured into nine chapters, throughout which we will go over differ-

ent aspects of the development of real-time multiuser systems with SignalR, starting

from scratch and all the way up to the implementation of advanced features of this

framework.

Chapter 1, “Internet, asynchrony, multiuser…wow!“ and Chapter 2, “HTTP: You are the

client, and you are the boss,” are purely introductory, and they will help you understand

the technological context and the foundations on which this new framework rests.

In Chapter 3, “Introducing SignalR,” we will present SignalR at a high level, show-

ing its position in the Microsoft web development technology stack and other related

concepts such as OWIN and Katana.

From this point, we will begin to look in detail at how to develop applications by

using SignalR. We will dedicate Chapter 4, “Persistent connections,” and Chapter 5,

“Hubs,” to study development from different levels of abstraction, using persistent con-

nections and hubs. In Chapter 6, “Persistent connections and hubs from other threads,”

we will study how to integrate these components with other technologies within the

same application, and in Chapter 7, “Real-time multiplatform applications,” we will see

how to implement multiplatform clients.

Chapter 8, “Deploying and scaling SignalR,” will show different deployment sce-

narios and the scaling solutions offered by SignalR. In Chapter 9, “Advanced topics,” we

will nd miscellanea where we will deal with more advanced aspects, such as security,

extensibility, testing, and others.

Introduction xv

Finding your best starting point in this book

Although this book is organized in such a way that it can be read from beginning to

end following a path of increasing depth in the contents addressed, it can also be

used as a reference by directly looking up specic chapters, depending on the level of

knowledge the reader starts with and their individual needs.

Thus, for developers who are approaching SignalR for the rst time, the recommen-

dation would be to read the book from beginning to end, in the order that the chap-

ters have been written. However, for those who are acquainted with SignalR and have

already developed with it in any of its versions, it will sufce to take a quick look at the

rst three chapters and then to pay closer attention to the ones dedicated to develop-

ment with persistent connections or hubs to nd out aspects they did not know about

or changes from previous versions. From there, it would be possible to go directly to

resolving doubts in specic areas, such as the scalability features of the framework,

implementing authorization mechanisms, or the procedure for performing unit tests

on hubs.

In any case, regardless of the chapter or section, it is a good idea to download and

install the related example projects, which will allow practicing and consolidating the

concepts addressed.

Conventions and features in this book

This book presents information using the following conventions designed to make the

information readable and easy to follow:

■

Boxed elements with labels such as “Note” provide additional information or

alternative methods for successfully completing a task.

■

Text that you type (apart from code blocks) appears in bold.

■

A plus sign (+) between two key names means that you must press those keys at

the same time. For example, “Press Alt+Tab” means that you have to hold down

the Alt key while you press the Tab key.

■

A vertical bar between two or more menu items (for example, “File | Close”)

means that you should select the rst menu or menu item, then the next one,

and so on.

xviii Introduction

Inside each of these folders you can nd a subfolder for each sample project

included. These subfolders are numbered in the order that the concepts are dealt with

in the book:

…

Chapter 08 – Scaling

1-AzureServiceBus

2-SqlServer

…

Inside these folders you can nd the specic solution le (*.sln) for each example.

The solutions are completely independent of each other and include a fully func-

tional example that is ready to be run (F5 from Visual Studio), although in some cases

it will be necessary to make some prior adjustments in congurations. In such cases,

detailed instructions are always given for this on the main page of the project or in a

readme. txt le.

Acknowledgments

As trite as it might sound, a book such as this would not be possible without the col-

laboration of many people who have helped with their time and effort for it to become

a reality, and it is only fair to dedicate them a special word of thanks.

In particular, I would like to thank my editor at campusMVP.net, Jose M. Alarcón

(on Twitter at @jm_alarcon) for his involvement, his ability in the project management,

coordination, and revision, as well as for his sound advice, all of which have led us here.

Javier Suárez Ruíz’s (@jsuarezruiz) collaboration has also been essential, for his con-

tributions and SignalR client implementation examples in non-web environments such

as Windows Phone or WinRT.

I would like to thank Victor Vallejo, of campusMVP.net, for his invaluable help with

the text.

On the part of Microsoft, I want to give thanks to the acquisitions editor, Devon

Musgrave, for his interest in this project from the start, without which this book would

have never been made. I also want to thank project editor Carol Dillingham for her

expert work. Thanks go out to technical reviewer Todd Meister, copy editor Richard

Carey, project manager Sarah Vostok of nSight, and indexer Lucie Haskins. And thanks

to Sarah Hake and Jenna Boyd of O’Reilly Media for their support.

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