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首页BCM5464S:四端口三速以太网串并转换技术详解
"BCM5464S是博通公司的一款四通道三速(1000/100/10BASE-T)以太网收发器,它集成了物理层所需的所有功能,适用于标准的Category5非屏蔽双绞线(UTP)电缆。该器件符合SGMII, GMII, RGMII, 和RTBI等行业标准,并支持独特的SerDes直通模式,可以支持铜缆或光纤接口。基于博通成熟的数字信号处理技术,BCM5464S整合了数字自适应均衡器、模数转换器、锁相环、线路驱动器、编码器、解码器、回声消除器、串扰消除器等所有必要的支持电路,集成在一个单片CMOS芯片上,确保在最恶劣的Category5线缆环境下也能可靠运行。设备还具备自动协商功能,能与对端任何类型的收发器进行通信。"
在串行-并行(SerDes)转换过程中, BCM5464S收发器的核心在于其内置的SerDes(串行器/解串器)技术。在发射(Tx)过程中,数据以并行形式存在于处理器或控制器中,SerDes将这些并行数据转换成高速串行流,以便通过铜缆或光纤进行长距离传输。这个过程通常包括以下几个步骤:
1. 并行到串行转换:并行数据通过一个称为字级串行化的过程被转换为串行数据流。每个并行数据位按照特定顺序被发送,通常会加上时钟和其他控制信号。
2. 信号预处理:在数据被串行化之前,可能需要进行预处理,例如使用数字信号处理器(DSP)进行均衡,以补偿传输媒介引起的信号失真。
3. 信号调制:根据传输媒介(如铜缆或光纤),数据可能会被调制成适合该媒介的信号格式,如差分信号或光脉冲。
在接收(Rx)过程中,BCM5464S执行相反的操作:
1. 信号解调:首先,接收到的信号会被解调回原始的数字信号,这可能涉及到光电转换(对于光纤)或者接收端的信号放大和恢复。
2. 串行到并行转换:解串器将接收到的高速串行数据流转换回并行数据,这个过程称为位级解串行化,恢复出原始的数据位。
3. 后处理:数据经过解串后,可能需要进一步的信号处理,如去噪声、均衡、回声和串扰消除,以确保数据的准确性和完整性。
4. 自动协商和错误检测:BCM5464S支持自动协商功能,可以检测对端设备的能力并调整自身的工作模式。同时,它还包含错误检测机制,如CRC校验,来确保数据在传输过程中的可靠性。
BCM5464S通过其内置的SerDes技术实现了高效可靠的串并转换,使得高速以太网数据能够在不同的传输媒介上稳定传输。这种高度集成的解决方案简化了网络设备的设计,提高了系统的性能和兼容性。
BCM5464S Data Sheet
08/02/07
Broadcom Corporation
Page xvi Document 5464S-DS07-R
Exceeded Low Counter Threshold .............................................................................................98
Auto-Negotiation Page Received ...................................................................................................98
No HCD Link .................................................................................................................................98
No HCD..........................................................................................................................................98
Negotiated Unsupported HCD.....................................................................................................98
Scrambler Synchronization Error ...............................................................................................98
Remote Receiver Status Change ................................................................................................98
Local Receiver Status Change....................................................................................................99
Duplex Mode Change...................................................................................................................99
Link Speed Change ......................................................................................................................99
Link Status Change......................................................................................................................99
Receive CRC Error .......................................................................................................................99
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Interrupt Mask .......................................................................100
Interrupt Mask Vector ................................................................................................................100
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Register 1Ch Access.............................................................101
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Spare Control 1 .....................................................................102
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................102
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................103
100BASE-FX Mode ......................................................................................................................103
Transmit CRC...............................................................................................................................103
Link Speed LED ...........................................................................................................................103
Link LED Mode.............................................................................................................................103
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Clock Alignment Control........................................................104
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................104
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................104
RGMII GTXCLK Clock Delay Enable ...........................................................................................104
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Spare Control 2 .....................................................................105
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................105
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................105
Energy Detect on INTR LED Pin ..................................................................................................105
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Spare Control 3 .....................................................................106
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................106
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................106
TXC Disable .................................................................................................................................106
SD/Energy Detect Change ...........................................................................................................107
Data Sheet BCM5464S
08/02/07
Broadcom Corporation
Document 5464S-DS07-R Page xvii
DLL Auto Power-Down ................................................................................................................ 107
CLK125 Output ............................................................................................................................ 107
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T LED Status ........................................................................... 108
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 108
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 108
Slave Indicator ............................................................................................................................. 108
FDX Indicator............................................................................................................................... 109
INTR Indicator.............................................................................................................................. 109
LINKSPD Indicator....................................................................................................................... 109
Transmit Indicator ........................................................................................................................ 109
Receive Indicator ......................................................................................................................... 109
Quality Indicator ........................................................................................................................... 109
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T LED Control .......................................................................... 110
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 110
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 110
Override GBIC LED ..................................................................................................................... 111
ACTIVITY/LINK LED Enable ....................................................................................................... 111
ACTIVITY LED Enable ................................................................................................................ 111
Remote Fault LED Enable ........................................................................................................... 111
Link Utilization LED Selector ....................................................................................................... 111
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Auto Power-Down................................................................. 112
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 112
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 112
Auto Power-Down Mode. ............................................................................................................. 112
Sleep Timer Select ...................................................................................................................... 112
Wake-Up Timer Select................................................................................................................. 113
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T LED Selector 1...................................................................... 113
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 114
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 114
LED2 Selector.............................................................................................................................. 114
LED1 Selector.............................................................................................................................. 114
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T LED Selector 2...................................................................... 115
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 116
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 116
LED4 Selector.............................................................................................................................. 116
BCM5464S Data Sheet
08/02/07
Broadcom Corporation
Page xviii Document 5464S-DS07-R
LED3 Selector ..............................................................................................................................116
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T LED GPIO Control/Status .....................................................117
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................117
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................117
LED I/O Status .............................................................................................................................117
Programmable LED I/O Control ...................................................................................................118
Misc. 1000-X Control Register.............................................................................................................118
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................118
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................118
Medium Resolution Override for SerDes Pass-Through Mode .................................................... 118
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Autodetect SGMII/Media Converter ......................................119
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................119
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................119
SerDes Resolution Fault ..............................................................................................................119
SGMII/GBIC Jumbo Packet..........................................................................................................120
SGMII 10/100 Low RX Latency ....................................................................................................120
SGMII/Media Converter Autodetect Mode Enable ....................................................................... 120
1000BASE-X Auto-Negotiation Debug ................................................................................................120
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................121
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................121
Consistency Mismatch .................................................................................................................121
RUDI Invalid .................................................................................................................................121
Comma Detected .........................................................................................................................121
AN_Sync_Status ..........................................................................................................................121
Idle Detect State...........................................................................................................................121
Complete Acknowledge State ......................................................................................................121
Acknowledge Detect State ...........................................................................................................121
Ability Detect State .......................................................................................................................122
Error State .................................................................................................................................... 122
Sync_Status Failed ......................................................................................................................122
AN_Enable State..........................................................................................................................122
Auxiliary 1000BASE-X Control ............................................................................................................122
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................124
Use Fiber Mode Counters ............................................................................................................124
SGMII/GBIC False Carrier Mode..................................................................................................124
Data Sheet BCM5464S
08/02/07
Broadcom Corporation
Document 5464S-DS07-R Page xix
Disable Carrier Extend................................................................................................................. 124
Disable TRRR .............................................................................................................................. 124
Disable Remote Fault Sensing ....................................................................................................124
Auto-Negotiation Error Timer Enable........................................................................................... 124
Comma Detect Enable................................................................................................................. 124
FIFO Elasticity ............................................................................................................................. 124
Disable Receive CRC Checker.................................................................................................... 124
Auxiliary 1000BASE-X Status ............................................................................................................. 125
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 125
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 125
Link Status Change ..................................................................................................................... 126
SGMII Selector Mismatch ............................................................................................................ 126
Auto-Negotiation Resolution Error ...............................................................................................126
Link Partner Remote Fault ........................................................................................................... 126
Auto-Negotiation Page Received................................................................................................. 126
Current Operating Duplex Mode .................................................................................................. 126
Link Status ................................................................................................................................... 126
PAUSE Resolution—Receive Side .............................................................................................. 126
PAUSE Resolution—Transmit Side ............................................................................................. 126
Misc. 1000BASE-X Status .................................................................................................................. 127
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 127
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 127
TX FIFO Error .............................................................................................................................. 128
RX FIFO Error.............................................................................................................................. 128
False Carrier Detected................................................................................................................. 128
CRC Error Detected..................................................................................................................... 128
Transmit Error Detected .............................................................................................................. 128
Receive Error Detected ............................................................................................................... 128
Carrier Extend Error Detected ..................................................................................................... 128
Early End Extension Detected ..................................................................................................... 128
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Autodetect Medium............................................................... 129
Write Enable ................................................................................................................................ 129
Shadow Register Selector ........................................................................................................... 130
SD Invert ...................................................................................................................................... 130
..................................................................................................................................................... 130
BCM5464S Data Sheet
08/02/07
Broadcom Corporation
Page xx Document 5464S-DS07-R
Fiber In-Use LED Mode................................................................................................................130
Fiber LED Mode ...........................................................................................................................130
Qualify Fiber Signal Detect with Sync Status ...............................................................................130
Autodetect Media Default .............................................................................................................130
Autodetect Media Priority .............................................................................................................130
Autodetect Media Enable .............................................................................................................130
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Mode Control.........................................................................131
Write Enable.................................................................................................................................131
Shadow Register Selector............................................................................................................131
Mode Select Change....................................................................................................................132
Copper Link ..................................................................................................................................132
Fiber Link......................................................................................................................................132
Copper Energy Detect..................................................................................................................132
Fiber Signal Detect.......................................................................................................................132
Mode Select .................................................................................................................................132
Enable 1000BASE-X Registers....................................................................................................132
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T Master/Slave Seed................................................................133
Enable Shadow Register..............................................................................................................133
Master/Slave Seed Match ............................................................................................................133
Link Partner Repeater/DTE Bit.....................................................................................................133
Link Partner Manual Master/Slave Configuration Value...............................................................134
Link Partner Manual Master/Slave Configuration Enable.............................................................134
Local Master/Slave Seed Value ...................................................................................................134
1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T HCD Status ...........................................................................134
Enable Shadow Register..............................................................................................................135
HCD 1000BASE-T FDX ...............................................................................................................135
HCD 1000BASE-T........................................................................................................................135
HCD 100BASE-TX FDX ...............................................................................................................135
HCD 100BASE-T..........................................................................................................................135
HCD 10BASE-T FDX ...................................................................................................................135
HCD 10BASE-T............................................................................................................................135
HCD 1000BASE-T FDX (Link Never Came Up)...........................................................................135
HCD 1000BASE-T (Link Never Came Up)...................................................................................136
HCD 100BASE-TX FDX (Link Never Came Up) ..........................................................................136
HCD 100BASE-TX (Link Never Came Up) ..................................................................................136
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