探索Windows Server 2012 RTM版：权威指南

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"Introducing Windows Server 2012: RTM Edition" 是一本由微软出版社出版的专业书籍，旨在向读者介绍Windows Server 2012这一操作系统的关键特性和实战应用。这本书由Mitch Tulloch与Windows Server团队共同撰写，他们在书中详尽地阐述了Windows Server 2012作为企业级服务器解决方案的重要性，包括其新功能、性能提升以及对现代IT环境的支持。本书的核心知识点涵盖以下几个方面： 1. **操作系统概述**：介绍了Windows Server 2012的基础架构，包括其设计理念、系统组件和安全性升级，如Windows防火墙、BitLocker磁盘加密等，确保了系统的稳定性和安全性。 2. **云技术集成**：书中详细讲解了Windows Server 2012如何与Azure和其他云平台集成，帮助用户实现云端部署和管理，支持私有云和混合云战略。 3. **虚拟化技术**：书中重点介绍了Hyper-V，作为Windows Server 2012的虚拟化引擎，其性能优化和易于管理的特点，使用户能够更高效地利用硬件资源，构建和管理虚拟机环境。 4. **数据中心自动化**：Windows Server 2012引入了新的工具和服务，如System Center，用于简化基础设施管理和运维任务，提升效率。 5. **网络功能增强**：书中涉及了新的网络功能，如动态主机配置协议(DHCP)、网络策略服务(NPS)和网络访问保护(NAP)，有助于优化网络管理并提高网络安全。 6. **应用程序和服务**：探讨了Windows Server 2012对Web服务器（IIS）、数据库服务（如SQL Server）以及邮件和协作服务的改进，帮助企业构建更强大的基础架构。 7. **兼容性和迁移指南**：对于仍在使用旧版系统的组织，书中提供了升级和迁移至Windows Server 2012的实用步骤和最佳实践。 8. **案例研究和实战示例**：书中包含多个实际案例和深入的教程，帮助读者理解和掌握Windows Server 2012的使用方法，以应用于他们的工作环境中。总体而言，"Introducing Windows Server 2012: RTM Edition"是一本深入浅出的指南，无论你是IT专业人士还是希望提升服务器管理技能的读者，都能从中获取有价值的信息，了解并利用Windows Server 2012的强大功能来推动业务发展。同时，由于版权和反馈机制，作者鼓励读者通过官方渠道获取更多信息和支持，持续关注微软的产品更新和用户反馈。

2 Chapter 1 The business need for Windows Server 2012

a faster time-to-market rate and become more competitive. Cloud-based solutions also can

help businesses respond more easily to spikes in demand. And the standardized architecture

and service-oriented approach to solution development used in cloud environments helps

shorten the solution development life cycle, reducing the time between envisioning and

deployment.

Cloud computing also helps businesses keep IT costs under control in several ways. For

example, the standardized architecture of cloud solutions provides greater transparency

and predictability for the budgeting process. Adding automation and elastic capacity

management to this helps keep operational costs lower. Reuse and re-provisioning of cloud

applications and services can help lower development costs across your organization, making

your development cycle more cost effective. And a pay-as-you-go approach to consuming

cloud services can help your business achieve greater exibility and become more innovative,

making entry into new markets possible.

Cloud computing also can help businesses increase customer satisfaction by enabling

solutions that have greater responsiveness to customer needs. Decoupling applications from

physical infrastructure improves availability and makes it easier to ensure business continuity

when a disaster happens. And risk can be managed more systematically and effectively to

meet regulatory requirements.

Making the transition

Making the transition from a traditional IT infrastructure to the cloud paradigm begins

with rethinking and re-envisioning what IT is all about. The traditional approach to IT

infrastructure is a server-centric vision, where IT is responsible for procuring, designing,

deploying, managing, maintaining, and troubleshooting servers hosted on the company’s

premises or located at the organization’s central datacenter. Virtualization can increase

the efciency of this approach by allowing consolidation of server workloads to increase

system utilization and reduce cost, but even a virtualized datacenter still has a server-centric

infrastructure that requires a high degree of management overhead.

Common characteristics of traditional IT infrastructures, whether virtualized or not, can

include the following:

■

Limited capacity due to the physical limitations of host hardware in the datacenter

(virtualization helps maximize capacity but doesn’t remove these limitations)

■

Availability level that is limited by budget because of the high cost of redundant host

hardware, network connectivity, and storage resources

■

Poor agility because it takes time to deploy and congure new workloads

(virtualization helps speed up this process)

■

Poor efciency because applications are deployed in silos, which means that

development efforts can’t be used easily across the organization

■

Potentially high cost due to the cost of host hardware, software licensing, and the

in-house IT expertise needed to manage the infrastructure

The rationale behind cloud computing Chapter 1 3

By contrast to the traditional server-centric infrastructure, cloud computing represents a

service-centric approach to IT. From the business customer’s point of view, cloud services can

be perceived as IT services with unlimited capacity, continuous availability, improved agility,

greater efciency, and lower and more predictable costs than a traditional server-centric

IT infrastructure. The results of the service-centric model of computing can be increased

productivity with less overhead because users can work from anywhere, using any capable

device, without having to worry about deploying the applications they need to do their job.

The bottom line here is that businesses considering making the transition to the cloud

need to rethink their understanding of IT from two perspectives: the type of sourcing and the

kinds of services being consumed.

Cloud sourcing models

Cloud sourcing models dene the party that has control over how the cloud services are

architected, controlled, and provisioned. The three kinds of sourcing models for cloud

computing are:

■

Public cloud Business customers consume the services they need from a pool of

cloud services delivered over the Internet. A public cloud is a shared cloud where the

pool of services is used by multiple customers, with each customer’s environment

isolated from those of others. The public cloud approach provides the benets of

predictable costs and pay-as-you-go exibility for adding or removing processing,

storage, and network capacity depending on the customer’s needs.

For example, Microsoft Windows Azure and Microsoft SQL Azure are public cloud

offerings that allow you to develop, deploy, and run your business applications over

the Internet instead of hosting them locally on your own datacenter. By adopting this

approach, you can gain increased exibility, easier scalability, and greater agility for

your business. And if your users only need Microsoft Ofce or Microsoft Dynamics

CRM to perform their jobs, you can purchase subscriptions to Ofce 365 or Microsoft

Dynamics CRM Online from Microsoft’s public cloud offerings in this area as well.

For more information on Microsoft’s public cloud offerings, see

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/private-cloud/buy.aspx#tabs-2.

■

Private cloud The customer controls the cloud, either by self-hosting a private cloud

in the customer’s datacenter or by having a partner host it. A private cloud can be

implemented in two ways: by combining different software platforms and applications,

or by procuring a dedicated cloud environment in the form of an appliance from

a vendor.

For example, customers have already been using the Hyper-V virtualization capabilities

successfully in the Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 platform, with the Microsoft

System Center family of products, to design, deploy, and manage their own private

clouds. And for a more packaged approach to deploying private clouds, Microsoft’s

Private Cloud Fast Track program provides customers with a standard reference

4 Chapter 1 The business need for Windows Server 2012

architecture for building private clouds that combines Microsoft software, consolidated

guidance, value-added software components, and validated compute, network, and

storage congurations from original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners to create

a turnkey approach for deploying scalable, precongured, validated infrastructure

platforms for deploying your own on private cloud. For more information on the

Private Cloud Fast Track and to see a list of Fast Track Partners,

see http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/private-cloud/buy.aspx#tabs-2.

The private cloud approach allows you the peace of mind of knowing you have

complete control over your IT infrastructure, but it has higher up-front costs and

a steeper implementation curve than the public cloud approach. For more information

on Microsoft’s private cloud offerings, see http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/

server-cloud/private-cloud/. As you will soon see, however, the next generation of

Hyper-V in the Windows Server 2012 platform delivers even more powerful capabilities

that enable customers to deploy and manage private clouds.

■

Hybrid cloud The customer uses a combination of private and public clouds to meet

the specic needs of their business. In this approach, some of your organization’s IT

services run on-premises while other services are hosted in the cloud to save costs,

simplify scalability, and increase agility. Organizations that want to make the transition

from traditional IT to cloud computing often begin by embracing the hybrid cloud

approach because it allows them to get their feet wet while remaining grounded in the

comfort of their existing server-centric infrastructure.

One difculty with the hybrid cloud approach, however, is the management

overhead associated with needing duplicate sets of IT controls, one set for traditional

infrastructure and others for each kind of cloud service consumed. Regardless of this,

many organizations that transition to the cloud choose to adopt the hybrid approach

for various reasons, including deployment restrictions, compliance issues, or the

availability of cloud services that can meet the organization’s needs.

Cloud service models

Cloud computing also can be considered from the perspective of which kinds of services are

being consumed. The three standard service models for cloud computing are as follows:

■

Software as a service (SaaS) This approach involves using the cloud to deliver a

single application to multiple users, regardless of their location or the kind of device

they are using. SaaS contrasts with the more traditional approach of deploying

separate instances of applications to each user’s computing device. The advantages

of the SaaS model is that application activities can be managed from a single central

location to reduce cost and management overhead. SaaS typically is used to deliver

cloud-based applications that have minimal support for customization, such as email,

Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and productivity software. Ofce 365 is an

example of a SaaS offering from Microsoft that provides users with secure anywhere

The rationale behind cloud computing Chapter 1 5

access to their email, shared calendars, instant messaging (IM), video conferencing,

and tools for document collaboration.

■

Platform as a service (PaaS) This approach involves using the cloud to deliver

application execution services such as application run time, storage, and integration

for applications that have been designed for a prespecied cloud-based architectural

framework. By using PaaS, you can develop custom cloud-based applications for your

business and then host them in the cloud so that users can access them anywhere

over the Internet. PaaS also can be used to create multi-tenant applications that

multiple users can access simultaneously. And with its high degree of support

for application-level customization, PaaS can enable integration with your older

applications and interoperability with your on-premises systems, though some

applications may need to be recoded to work in the new environment. SQL Azure is

an example of a PaaS offering from Microsoft that allows businesses to provision and

deploy SQL databases to the cloud without the need of implementing and maintaining

an in-house Microsoft SQL Server infrastructure.

■

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) This approach involves creating pools of

compute, storage, and network connectivity resources that then can be delivered

to business customers as cloud-based services that are billed on a per-usage basis.

IaaS forms the foundation for SaaS and PaaS by providing a standardized, exible

virtualized environment that typically presents itself to the customer as virtualized

server workloads. In the IaaS model, the customer can self-provision these virtualized

workloads and can customize them fully with the processing, storage, and network

resources needed and with the operating system and applications the business

requires. By using the IaaS approach, the customer is relieved of the need to purchase

and install hardware and can spin up new workloads to meet changing demand

quickly. The Hyper-V technology of the Windows Server platform, together with the

System Center family of products, represents Microsoft’s offering in the IaaS space.

Microsoft cloud facts

Did you know the following facts about Microsoft’s public cloud offerings?

■

Every day, 9.9 billion messages are transmitted via Windows Live Messenger.

■

There are 600 million unique users every month on Windows Live and MSN.

■

There are 500 million active Windows Live IDs.

■

There are 40 million paid MS online services (BPOS, CRM Online, etc.) in 36 countries.

■

A total of 5 petabytes of content is served by Xbox Live each week during the holiday

season.

■

A total of 1 petabyte+ of updates is served every month by Windows Update to

millions of servers and hundreds of millions of PCs worldwide.

■

There are tens of thousands of Windows Azure customers.

6 Chapter 1 The business need for Windows Server 2012

■

There are 5 million LiveMeeting conference minutes per year.

■

Forefront for Exchange lters 1 billion emails per month.

Technical requirements for successful cloud

computing

If you’re considering moving your business to the cloud, it’s important to be aware of the

ingredients of a successful cloud platform. Figure 1-1 illustrates the three standard service

models for implementing private and public cloud solutions.

SaaS – the software

The cloud provider runs the application while the customer

consumes the application as a service on a subscription basis.

PaaS – the platform

The application platform includes

native services for scalability and

resiliency, and the apps must be

designed to run in the cloud.

IaaS – the infrastructure

The cloud provider runs a

datacenter that offers “virtual

machines for rent” along with

dynamically allocated resources.

Customers own the virtual

machine and manage it as “their

server” in the cloud.

FIGURE 1-1 The three standard service models for the cloud.

The hierarchy of this diagram illustrates that both IaaS and PaaS can be used as the

foundation for building SaaS. In the IaaS approach, you build the entire architecture yourself

(for example, with load-balanced web servers for the front end and clustered servers for

your business and data tiers on the back end). In fact, the only difference between IaaS and

a traditional datacenter is that the apps are running on servers that are virtual instead of

physical.

By contrast, PaaS is a completely different architecture. In a PaaS solution, like Windows

Azure, you allow Azure to handle the “physical” aspect for you when you take your app and

move it to the cloud. Then, when you have spikes in demand (think the holiday season for a

retail website), the system automatically scales up to meet the demand and then scales back

down again when demand tapers off. This means that with PaaS, you don’t need to build a

system that handles the maximum load at all times, even when it doesn’t have to; instead, you

pay only for what you use.

But the IaaS model is much closer to what customers currently use today, so let’s focus

more closely on the IaaS service model, which often is described as “virtual machines for

rent.” The two key components of IaaS are a hypervisor-based server operating system and

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探索Windows Server 2012 RTM版：权威指南

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Windows Server 2012 介绍

Administering Windows Server 2012

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