ATMEGA16：高性能低功耗8位AVR微控制器详解

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ATMEGA16是一款高性能、低功耗的AVR系列8位微控制器，它采用先进的RISC架构设计。这款微控制器的特点包括： 1. 强大的指令集与高效执行：ATMEGA16拥有135条功能强大的指令，大部分可以在单个时钟周期内完成，这极大地提高了处理速度和程序效率。 2. 丰富的通用寄存器：总共32个8位工作寄存器，使得数据处理和存储能力强大，支持快速的数据交换和复杂的计算任务。 3. 静态操作模式：在无需外部刷新的情况下，微控制器可以实现全静态操作，节省能源，适合电池供电应用。 4. 高吞吐量：在16MHz时钟频率下，ATMEGA16能够达到每秒高达16百万指令（MIPS）的性能，确保了实时性和响应速度。 5. 集成乘法器：具有内置的2周期乘法器，增强了其数值处理能力，对于需要复杂运算的应用非常有用。 6. 非易失性存储：内存部分提供了16或32KB的可编程闪存，用于存储程序代码，支持高达10万次的写入/擦除循环，且有独立的锁定位用于保护引导代码区域。 7. 在系统编程：通过片上引导程序硬件，可以在系统运行期间进行编程，增加了灵活性。 8. 读写功能：支持真正在写入过程中读取的操作，提高了数据一致性。 9. 预编程USB模块：所有供应的器件都预装有默认的USB bootloader，支持2.0全速和低速设备模式，并具备中断传输完成后唤醒的能力。 10. 存储扩展：内部配备1.25/2.5KB的SRAM和512/1KB的EEPROM，同样具有10万次的写入/擦除耐久度。 11. 安全选项：提供软件安全功能，如编程锁定，增强了对敏感数据的保护。 12. JTAG接口：符合IEEE 1149.1标准的JTAG接口，支持边界扫描和广泛的调试功能，可用于编程闪存、EEPROM、熔丝和锁定位。 13. USB接口支持：作为USB 2.0设备模块，支持中断传输完成，确保了与外部设备的高效交互。综合来看，ATMEGA16以其高效能、灵活的编程能力和全面的接口支持，在嵌入式系统开发中占据重要地位，特别适合那些对功耗控制和性能要求较高的应用场合。

7766CS–AVR–11/08

ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4

channels 10-bit ADC with optional differential input stage with programmable gain, an on-chip

calibrated temperature sensor, a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscillator, an SPI

serial port, IEEE std. 1149.1 compliant JTAG test interface, also used for accessing the On-chip

Debug system and programming and six software selectable power saving modes. The Idle

mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt system

to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the

Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or Hardware Reset. The ADC

Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except ADC, to minimize switching

noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the Crystal/Resonator Oscillator is running

while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power

consumption.

The device is manufactured using ATMEL’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology. The

On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI

serial interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot pro-

gram running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to download the

application program in the application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will

continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write

operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a

monolithic chip, the ATMEL ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 is a powerful microcontroller that pro-

vides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

The ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system

development tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-

circuit emulators, and evaluation kits.

2.2 Pin Descriptions

2.2.1 VCC

Digital supply voltage.

2.2.2 GND

Ground.

2.2.3 Port B (PB7..PB0)

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The

Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source

capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up

resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

Port B has better driving capabilities than the other ports.

Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4

as listed on page 70.

2.2.4 Port C (PC7,PC6)

Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The

Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source

capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up

resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

元器件交易网www.cecb2b.com

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