Programming WPF 第二版：深度探索Windows Presentation Foundation

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"Programming WPF 2nd Edition" 是一本由 Chris Sells 和 Ian Griffiths 共同编著的专业书籍，专注于Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 技术的深入讲解。这本书是第二版，作者们在2007年对原有的2005年第一版进行了更新和扩展。 WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）是微软.NET Framework的一部分，主要用于构建Windows桌面应用程序。它提供了丰富的用户界面（UI）设计能力，包括图形渲染、布局管理、数据绑定、多媒体支持和强大的文档处理等功能。WPF将应用程序的UI与业务逻辑分离，通过XAML（Extensible Application Markup Language）进行声明式编程，使得UI设计更加直观和高效。书中详细介绍了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **XAML基础**：XAML是一种XML方言，用于定义WPF应用的用户界面。读者会学习到如何使用XAML来创建控件、设置属性、创建事件处理程序等。 2. **控件和布局**：WPF提供了大量内置控件，如按钮、文本框、列表视图等，并支持多种布局模式，如网格、堆栈面板、画布等，以满足不同设计需求。 3. **数据绑定**：WPF的数据绑定机制使得UI元素可以动态地反映和操作数据源的变化，简化了模型-视图-视图模型（MVVM）设计模式的实现。 4. **样式和模板**：通过样式和控件模板，开发者可以统一和自定义应用的视觉样式，实现UI的复用和定制。 5. **图形和可视化**：WPF支持矢量图形、2D和3D绘图，以及图像处理。读者可以学习如何利用这些功能创建高级的视觉效果。 6. **媒体和文档**：WPF提供了集成多媒体和文档处理的能力，如音频、视频播放，以及PDF和XPS文档的支持。 7. **动画和转换**：WPF的动画系统允许开发者创建动态效果，增强用户体验，而转换则能实现形状和控件的动态变形。 8. **路由事件和命令**：WPF的事件系统支持路由事件，使得事件可以在控件树中传播，同时，命令模式提供了在视图和视图模型之间处理业务逻辑的方法。 9. **依赖属性和附加属性**：依赖属性是WPF中的核心概念，它们支持数据绑定和属性更改通知，而附加属性则允许属性在不直接继承自DependencyObject的对象上使用。 10. **部署和安全性**：书中还会涵盖WPF应用程序的部署策略，以及.NET Framework的安全特性。通过阅读"Programming WPF 2nd Edition"，读者不仅可以掌握WPF的基本概念和技术，还能了解到如何利用这些技术来构建高质量、功能丰富的Windows桌面应用程序。这本书适合有.NET Framework基础的开发者，尤其是对UI设计和开发感兴趣的人员。

Preface2

It’s been a long road to the Windows Presentation Foundation.

I learned to program Windows from Programming Windows 3.1, by Charles Petzold

(Microsoft Press). In those days, programming for Windows was about windows,

menus, dialogs, and child controls. To make it all work, we had WndProcs (window

procedure functions) and messages. We dealt with the keyboard and the mouse. If

we got fancy, we would do some nonclient work. Oh, and there was the stuff in the

big blank space in the middle that I could fill however I wanted with the graphics

device interface (GDI), but my 2D geometry had better be strong to get it to look

right, let alone perform adequately.

Later I moved to the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), where we had this thing

called a “document,” which was separate from the “view.” The document could be

any old data I wanted it to be and the view, well, the view was the big blank space in

the middle that I could fill however I wanted with the MFC wrappers around GDI.

Later there was this thing called DirectX, which was finally about providing tools for

filling in the space with hardware-accelerated 3D polygons, but DirectX was built for

writing full-screen games, so using it to build content visualization and management

applications just made my head hurt.

Windows Forms, on the other hand, was such a huge productivity boost and I loved

it so much that I wrote a book about it (as did my coauthor). Windows Forms was

built on top of .NET, a managed environment that took a lot of programming minu-

tiae off my hands so that I could concentrate on the content. Plus, Windows Forms

itself gave me all kinds of great tools for laying out my windows, menus, dialogs, and

child controls. And the inside of the windows where I showed my content? Well, if

the controls weren’t already there to do what I wanted, I could draw the content

however I wanted using the GDI+ wrappers in

System.Drawing, which was essen-

tially the same drawing model Windows programmers had been using for the past 20

years, before even hardware graphics acceleration in 2D, let alone 3D.

xvi

Preface

In the meantime, a whole other way of interacting with content came along: HTML.

HTML was great at letting me arrange my content, both text and graphics, and it

would flow it and reflow it according to the preferences of the user. Further, with the

recent emergence of AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), this environment

gets even more capable. Still, HTML isn’t so great if you want to control more of the

user experience than just the content, or if you want to do anything Windows-specific,

both things that even Windows 3.1 programmers took for granted.

More recently, the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) happened. Initially it

felt like another way to create my windows, menus, dialogs, and child controls.

However, WPF shares a much deeper love for content than has yet been provided by

any other Windows programming framework.

To support content at the lowest levels, WPF merges controls, text, and graphics

into one programming model; all three are placed into the same element tree in the

same way. And although these primitives are built on top of DirectX to leverage the

3D hardware acceleration that is dormant when you’re not running the latest twitch

game, they’re also built into .NET, providing the same productivity boost to WPF

programmers that Windows Forms programmers enjoy.

One level up, WPF provides its “content model,” which allows any control to host

any group of other controls. You don’t have to build special

BitmapButton or

IconComboBox classes; you put as many images, shapes, videos, 3D models, or what-

ever into a

Button (or a ComboBox, ListBox, etc.) as suit your fancy.

To help you arrange the content, whether in fixed or flow layout, WPF provides con-

tainer elements that implement various layout algorithms in a way that is completely

independent of the content they’re holding.

To help you visualize the content, WPF provides data binding, control templates,

and animation. Data binding produces and synchronizes visual elements on the fly

based on your content. Control templates allow you to replace the complete look of

a control while maintaining its behavior. Animation brings your user interface con-

trol to life, giving your users immediate feedback as they interact with it. These fea-

tures give you the power to produce data visualizations so far beyond the capabilities

of the data grid, the pinnacle most applications aspire to, that even Edward Tufte

would be proud.

Combine these features with ClickOnce for the deployment and update of your

WPF applications, both as standalone clients and as blended with your web site

inside the browser, and you’ve got the foundation of the next generation of Win-

dows applications.

Preface

xvii

The next generation of applications is going to blaze a trail into the unknown. WPF

represents the best of the control-based Windows and content-based web worlds,

combined with the performance of DirectX and the deployment capabilities of Click-

Once, building for us a vehicle just itching to be taken for a spin. And like the intro-

duction of fonts to the PC, which produced “ransom note” office memos, and the

invention of HTML, which produced blinking online brochures, WPF is going to

produce its own accidents along the road. Before we learn just what we’ve got in

WPF, we’re going to see a lot of strange and wonderful sights. I can’t tell you where

we’re going to end up, but with this book, I hope to fill your luggage rack so that you

can make the journey.

The good news is that you will not be traveling alone. In the period between the first

and second editions of this book, a large user base has sprung up, providing all kinds

of information and real-world applications to inspire you. A tiny sampling of the best

of this information is listed here:

• Tim Sneath’s big list of great WPF applications: http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/

search.aspx?q=%22great+wpf+applications%22 (http://tinysells.com/114)

• Tim Sneath’s big list of WPF blogs: http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/articles/475132.aspx

(http://tinysells.com/115)

• Karsten Januszewski’s Five-Day Course for Hitting the WPF Curve/Cliff: http://

blogs.msdn.com/karstenj/archive/2006/06/15/632639.aspx (http://tinysells.com/116)

• Microsoft’s WPF community site: http://wpf.netfx3.com

• The MSDN WPF home page: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/

aa663326.aspx (http://tinysells.com/117)

• CodeProject’s WPF section: http://www.codeproject.com/WPF (http://tinysells.com/

118)

• thirteen23’s inspirational set of WPF lab experiments: http://www.thirteen23.com/

labs.html (http://tinysells.com/119)

• Lee Brimelow’s set of WPF designer tutorials: http://contentpresenter.com

—Chris Sells

Who This Book Is For

As much as I love the designers of the world, who are going to go gaga over WPF,

this book is aimed squarely at my people: developers. We’re not teaching program-

ming here, so having experience with some sort of programming environment is a

must before you read this book. Programming in .NET and C# is pretty much

required; Windows Forms, XML, and HTML are all recommended.

xviii

Preface

How This Book Is Organized

Here’s what each chapter of this book will cover:

Chapter 1, Hello, WPF

This chapter introduces the basics of WPF. It then provides a whirlwind tour of

the features that we will cover in the following chapters, so you can see how

everything fits together before we delve into the details.

Chapter 2, Applications and Settings

In this chapter, we show how WPF manages application-wide concerns, such as the

lifetime of your process, keeping track of open windows, and storing application-

wide states and settings. We also show your options for deploying applications to

end users’ machines using ClickOnce.

Chapter 3, Layout

WPF provides a powerful set of tools for managing the visual layout of your

applications. This chapter shows how to use this toolkit, and how to extend it.

Chapter 4, Input

This chapter shows how to make your WPF application respond to user input. We

illustrate low-level input event handling, and the higher-level command system.

Chapter 5, Controls

Controls are the building blocks of a user interface. This chapter describes the

controls built into the WPF framework.

Chapter 6, Simple Data Binding

All applications need to present information to the user. This chapter shows

how to use WPF’s data binding features to connect the user interface to your

underlying data.

Chapter 7, Binding to List Data

This chapter builds on the preceding one, showing how data binding works with

lists of items. It also shows how to bind to hierarchical data.

Chapter 8, Styles

WPF’s styling mechanism provides a powerful way to control your application’s

appearance while ensuring its consistency.

Chapter 9, Control Templates

WPF provides an astonishing level of flexibility in how you can customize the

appearance of your user interface and the controls it contains. This chapter

examines these facilities, showing how you can modify the appearance of built-

in controls.

Chapter 10, Windows and Dialogs

WPF’s

Window class is the basis for your main application windows. It also pro-

vides the facilities necessary to build dialog windows.

Preface

xix

Chapter 11, Navigation

As well as supporting traditional single window and cascading window applica-

tions, WPF offers support for a web-like navigation style of user interface. This

chapter shows how to use these services either for your whole application, or

within a nested frame as part of a window. It also shows the “XBAP” deploy-

ment model, which allows a WPF application to be hosted in a web browser.

Chapter 12, Resources

This chapter describes WPF’s resource handling mechanisms, which are used for

managing styles, themes, and binary resources such as graphics.

Chapter 13, Graphics

WPF offers a powerful set of drawing primitives. It also offers an object model

for manipulating drawings once you have created them.

Chapter 14, Text and Flow Documents

WPF offers support for high-quality rendering of formatted text throughout the

user interface. This chapter explains the text services available wherever text is

used, and the text object model that defines how text is formatted. It also

describes how to use

FlowDocuments to present large volumes of mixed text and

graphics, in a way that is optimized for on-screen viewing.

Chapter 15, Printing and XPS

This chapter describes WPF’s printing services. Printing in WPF is very closely

tied to XPS—the XML Paper Specification. This fixed-format document format

allows printable output to be written into a file. The chapter explores both the

XPS file format, and the APIs for printing and generating XPS documents.

Chapter 16, Animation and Media

This chapter describes WPF’s animation facilities, which allow most visible

aspects of a user interface, such as size, shape, color, and position, to be ani-

mated. It also describes the media playback services, which allow video and

audio to be synchronized with animations.

Chapter 17, 3D Graphics

WPF applications can host 3D models in their user interface. Two-dimensional

graphics and user interfaces can also be projected onto 3D surfaces. This chap-

ter describes the 3D API, and shows how the worlds of 2D and 3D come

together in WPF.

Chapter 18, Custom Controls

This chapter shows how to write custom controls and other custom element

types. It shows how to take full advantage of the WPF framework to build con-

trols as powerful and flexible as those that are built-in.

Appendix A, XAML

The eXtensible Application Markup Language (XAML) is an XML-based lan-

guage that can be used to represent the structure of a WPF user interface. This

appendix describes how XAML is used to create graphs of objects.

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