反应式编程原则与设计模式

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"Reactive Design Patterns 是一本由 Roland Kuhn、Brian Hanafee 和 Jamie Allen 合著，Jonas Bonér 题序的书籍，由 Manning Publications 出版。这本书探讨了反应式设计模式，旨在帮助开发者理解和应用响应式编程工具，避免常见问题和陷阱。书中可能包含了在Akka、Coursera上的'Principles of Reactive Programming'课程中的核心理念和实践经验。" 反应式设计模式是一种现代软件开发中用于构建可伸缩、容错和响应迅速的应用程序的方法。这种设计模式强调系统对变化的响应能力，能够处理大量并发事件，并且在资源有限的情况下保持高效运行。反应式设计的核心原则体现在反应式宣言中，它提倡数据流和变换的抽象，以及非阻塞计算、容错性和背压等概念。在描述中提到，作者 Roland Kuhn 在加入Akka团队之前就已经被提议写一本关于Akka的书，尽管当时因个人原因未实现，但这个想法一直萦绕在他的脑海中。三年后，他与Martin Odersky和Erik Meijer共同在Coursera平台上开设了"反应式编程原理"课程，吸引了超过12万的学生参与。这表明反应式编程的概念和实践在开发者社区中越来越受欢迎。反应式设计模式的实践通常涉及到以下关键知识点： 1. **反应式编程**：一种编程范式，强调通过异步数据流和变换来处理事件和数据，使得系统能快速响应输入和变化。 2. **Actor模型**：Akka中实现反应式编程的一种机制，它是一个轻量级的并发实体，通过消息传递进行通信，保证了系统的解耦和安全性。 3. **背压**：在网络传输或处理大量数据时，接收方可以通过信号通知发送方减缓数据流速，防止系统过载。 4. **容错性**：反应式系统设计中的一个重要特性，允许部分组件失败而不影响整体系统的运行，通过故障隔离和恢复机制确保高可用性。 5. **非阻塞计算**：避免长时间等待资源，通过异步操作和回调函数提高系统的并发性能。 6. **事件驱动**：系统基于事件做出响应，而不是持续检查状态变化，这样可以减少不必要的计算和资源消耗。 7. **响应式宣言**：定义了反应式系统的四个核心属性——弹性（Resilient）、反应性（Responsive）、弹性（Elastic）和消息驱动（Message-driven）。这本书可能深入探讨了这些概念，并提供了实际案例和最佳实践，帮助读者理解如何在实际项目中应用反应式设计模式，解决并发和性能挑战，构建健壮的分布式系统。

foreword

I’m grateful that Roland has taken the time to write this foundational book, and I

can’t think of anyone more capable of pulling it off. Roland is an unusually clear and

deep thinker; he coauthored the Reactive Manifesto, has been the technical lead for

the Akka project for several years, has coauthored and taught the very popular Cour-

sera course on Reactive programming and design, and is the best technical writer I

have met.

Clearly, I’m very excited about this book. It outlines what Reactive architec-

ture/design is all about, and does an excellent job explaining it from first principles in

a practical context. Additionally, it is a catalog of patterns that explains the bigger pic-

ture, how to think about system design, and how it is all connected—much like what

Martin Fowler’s Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture did 15 years ago.

During my professional life, I have seen the immense benefits of resilient, loosely

coupled, message-driven systems firsthand, especially when compared with more-

traditional approaches that propose to hide the nature of distributed systems. In 2013,

I had the idea of formalizing the experiences and lessons learned: the Reactive Mani-

festo was born. It started out as a set of rough notes that I remember presenting to the

company at one of Typesafe’s (now Lightbend) internal technical meetups. Coinci-

dentally, this meetup was collocated with the Scala Days New York conference, where

Roland, Martin Odersky, and Erik Meijer shot their bad, and unintentionally quite

funny, promotion video of their Coursera course on Reactive programming. The story

around the Reactive principles resonated with the other engineers and was published

in July of 2013. Since then, the Manifesto has been receiving a lot of great feedback

from the community. It was rewritten and vastly improved by Roland, Martin Thomp-

son, Dave Farley, and myself, leading up to version 2.0 published in September 2014.

FOREWORDxvi

By the end of 2016, it had been signed by more than 17,000 people. During this time,

we have seen Reactive progress from a virtually unacknowledged technique used only

by fringe projects within a select few corporations to a part of the overall platform

strategy of numerous big players in many different fields, including middleware,

financial services, retail, social media, betting/gaming, and so on.

The Reactive Manifesto defines “Reactive Systems” as a set of architectural design

principles that are geared toward meeting the demands that systems face—today and

tomorrow. These principles are most definitely not new; they can be traced back to

the ’70s and ’80s and the seminal work by Jim Gray and Pat Helland on the Tandem

System, as well as Joe Armstrong and Robert Virding on Erlang. However, these pio-

neers were ahead of their time, and it was not until the past five years that the technol-

ogy industry was forced to rethink current best practices for enterprise system

development and learned to apply the hard-won knowledge of the Reactive principles

to today’s world of multicore architectures, Cloud Computing, and the Internet of

Things.

By now, the Reactive principles have had a big impact on the industry, and as with

many successful ideas, they get overloaded and reinterpreted. This is not a bad thing;

ideas need to evolve to stay relevant. However, this can also cause confusion and lead

to dilution of the original intent. One example is the unfortunate emerging miscon-

ception that Reactive is nothing but programming in an asynchronous and nonblock-

ing style using callbacks or stream-oriented combinators—techniques that are aptly

classified as Reactive Programming. Concentrating on this aspect alone means miss-

ing out on many of the benefits of the Reactive principles. It is the contribution of this

book to take a much larger perspective—a systems view—moving the focus from how

individual components function in isolation to the design of collaborative, resilient,

and elastic systems: Reactive systems.

This future classic belongs on the shelf of every professional programmer, right

next to GoF

and Domain-Driven Design.

!Enjoy the ride—I certainly did

ONAS BONÉR

CTO AND FOUNDER OF LIGHTBEND

CREATOR OF AKKA

Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software by Gamma, Helm, Johnson, and Vlissides (Addison-

Wesley, 1995).

Domain-Driven Design by Eric Evans (Addison-Wesley, 2004).

剩余386页未读，继续阅读

ZackGu

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反应式编程原则与设计模式

响应式编程与设计模式.pdf

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