Java EE 5入门教程：新手向导

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"这是一个关于JavaEE入门教程的文档，主要针对Sun Java System Application Server 9.1版本，适合新手学习。" 在JavaEE（Java Platform, Enterprise Edition）领域，该文档《The Java EE 5 Tutorial》提供了对Java企业级开发基础知识的讲解。JavaEE是一个用于构建分布式、多层的企业级应用程序的平台，它包括一系列服务、API和协议，旨在简化开发过程并增强应用的可移植性。Sun Java System Application Server是Oracle公司（包括其关联公司）提供的一种JavaEE应用服务器，用于部署和管理企业级应用。文档可能涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **JavaEE架构**：解释了JavaEE平台的核心组件，如Web容器、EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）容器、JMS（Java Message Service）、JTA（Java Transaction API）等，以及它们如何协同工作以支持业务逻辑和数据处理。 2. **Servlet与JSP**：作为JavaEE中的基础技术，Servlet是用于处理HTTP请求的Java类，而JSP（JavaServer Pages）则提供了一种在服务器端动态生成HTML的方式。文档可能详细介绍了它们的生命周期、配置和使用方法。 3. **EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）**：JavaEE中的核心组件，用于实现业务逻辑。包括三种类型：Session Beans（负责单个客户端交互）、Message-Driven Beans（监听消息队列）和Entity Beans（代表持久化数据）。文档可能会涵盖EJB的创建、部署和调用。 4. **JPA（Java Persistence API）与Hibernate**：JPA是JavaEE提供的标准ORM（对象关系映射）框架，用于管理和操作数据库。Hibernate是流行的JPA实现，文档可能讲解了如何使用它们进行数据库操作。 5. **JSF（JavaServer Faces）**：一种用于构建用户界面的MVC（模型-视图-控制器）框架。文档可能会介绍如何创建JSF组件、处理用户事件和管理页面导航。 6. **Web服务**：包括JAX-WS（Java API for XML Web Services）和JAX-RS（Java API for RESTful Web Services），它们分别用于创建SOAP和RESTful服务。文档可能会讲述如何定义和消费这些服务。 7. **JavaEE安全**：讲解了如何通过JAAS（Java Authentication and Authorization Service）和角色基础的访问控制（RBAC）来保护应用的安全性，包括认证、授权和会话管理。 8. **部署与测试**：介绍了如何将JavaEE应用打包成WAR或EAR文件，并在Application Server上部署。同时，可能还涵盖了单元测试和集成测试的方法。 9. **JavaEE最佳实践**：文档可能会分享一些开发和设计上的建议，以帮助开发者遵循最佳实践，提高代码质量和可维护性。这个教程适用于对JavaEE感兴趣的初学者，通过学习，读者能够理解JavaEE的基本概念，掌握开发和部署企业级应用的关键技能。不过，请注意，文档的版本是JavaEE 5，对于最新的JavaEE版本（如Java EE 8或Jakarta EE），某些技术和规范可能已经更新或有变化。

XmlSchemaType Class Example .............................................................................................. 532

XmlType Example ..................................................................................................................... 533

Further Information about JAXB .................................................................................................... 535

18 Streaming API for XML ......................................................................................................................537

Why StAX? ......................................................................................................................................... 537

Streaming versus DOM ............................................................................................................. 537

Pull Parsing versus Push Parsing .............................................................................................. 538

StAX Use Cases .......................................................................................................................... 539

Comparing StAX to Other JAXP APIs .................................................................................... 539

StAX API ............................................................................................................................................ 540

Cursor API .................................................................................................................................. 541

Iterator API ................................................................................................................................. 541

Choosing between Cursor and Iterator APIs .......................................................................... 545

Using StAX ......................................................................................................................................... 547

StAX Factory Classes ................................................................................................................. 547

Resources, Namespaces, and Errors ........................................................................................ 549

Reading XML Streams ............................................................................................................... 549

Writing XML Streams ............................................................................................................... 552

Sun’s Streaming XML Parser Implementation .............................................................................. 553

Reporting CDATA Events ......................................................................................................... 554

Streaming XML Parser Factories Implementation ................................................................ 554

Example Code .................................................................................................................................... 555

Example Code Organization .................................................................................................... 555

Example XML Document ......................................................................................................... 556

Cursor Example .......................................................................................................................... 556

Cursor-to-Event Example ......................................................................................................... 558

Event Example ............................................................................................................................ 560

Filter Example ............................................................................................................................ 563

Read-and-Write Example ......................................................................................................... 565

Writer Example .......................................................................................................................... 567

Further Information about StAX ..................................................................................................... 569

19 SOAP with Attachments API for Java ............................................................................................. 571

Overview of SAAJ .............................................................................................................................. 572

Contents

The Java EE 5 Tutorial • September 2010 (originally published 2007)16

SAAJ Messages ........................................................................................................................... 572

SAAJ Connections ..................................................................................................................... 575

SAAJ Tutorial ..................................................................................................................................... 576

Creating and Sending a Simple Message ................................................................................. 577

Adding Content to the Header ................................................................................................. 584

Adding Content to the SOAPPart Object ................................................................................. 585

Adding a Document to the SOAP Body .................................................................................. 586

Manipulating Message Content Using SAAJ or DOM APIs ................................................ 586

Adding Attachments .................................................................................................................. 587

Adding Attributes ...................................................................................................................... 589

Using SOAP Faults ..................................................................................................................... 593

Code Examples .................................................................................................................................. 598

Request Example ........................................................................................................................ 598

Header Example ......................................................................................................................... 599

DOM and DOMSource Examples ........................................................................................... 602

Attachments Example ............................................................................................................... 606

SOAP Fault Example ................................................................................................................. 608

Further Information about SAAJ .................................................................................................... 610

Part IV Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................................................613

20 Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................................................615

What Is an Enterprise Bean? ............................................................................................................ 615

Benets of Enterprise Beans ..................................................................................................... 615

When to Use Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................. 616

Types of Enterprise Beans ......................................................................................................... 616

What Is a Session Bean? .................................................................................................................... 617

State Management Modes ......................................................................................................... 617

When to Use Session Beans ...................................................................................................... 618

What Is a Message-Driven Bean? .................................................................................................... 618

What Makes Message-Driven Beans Dierent from Session Beans? .................................. 619

When to Use Message-Driven Beans ....................................................................................... 620

Dening Client Access with Interfaces ........................................................................................... 620

Remote Clients ........................................................................................................................... 620

Local Clients ............................................................................................................................... 621

Contents

Deciding on Remote or Local Access ....................................................................................... 622

Web Service Clients ................................................................................................................... 623

Method Parameters and Access ................................................................................................ 623

The Contents of an Enterprise Bean ............................................................................................... 624

Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans ................................................................................... 625

The Life Cycles of Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................ 625

The Life Cycle of a Stateful Session Bean ................................................................................ 625

The Life Cycle of a Stateless Session Bean ............................................................................... 626

The Life Cycle of a Message-Driven Bean ............................................................................... 627

Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 628

21 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans ..........................................................................................629

Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 629

Coding the Enterprise Bean ...................................................................................................... 630

Compiling and Packaging the converter Example .............................................................. 631

Creating the converter Application Client ................................................................................... 632

Coding the converter Application Client .............................................................................. 632

Compiling the converter Application Client ........................................................................ 634

Creating the converter Web Client ............................................................................................... 634

Coding the converter Web Client .......................................................................................... 634

Compiling the converter Web Client .................................................................................... 635

Deploying the converter Java EE Application .............................................................................. 636

Deploying the converter Example Using NetBeans IDE .................................................... 636

Deploying the converter Example Using Ant ...................................................................... 636

Running the converter Application Client ................................................................................... 636

Running the converter Application Client Using NetBeans IDE ...................................... 636

Running the converter Application Client Using Ant ........................................................ 637

Running the converter Web Client ............................................................................................... 637

Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 638

Modifying a Class File ................................................................................................................ 638

22 Session Bean Examples ....................................................................................................................639

The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 639

The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 640

Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 640

Contents

The Java EE 5 Tutorial • September 2010 (originally published 2007)18

The Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 643

Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 644

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the cart Example ...................................... 644

Undeploying the cart Example ............................................................................................... 646

A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 646

The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 647

Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 647

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Testing the helloservice Example ........................ 648

Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 649

The Timeout Method ................................................................................................................. 649

Creating Timers ......................................................................................................................... 650

Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 650

Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 651

Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 651

The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 651

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the timersession Example ...................... 652

Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 654

23 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................657

simplemessage Example Application Overview ........................................................................... 657

The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 658

The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 659

The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 659

Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Example ............................................ 660

Creating the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ................................. 661

Building, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans

IDE ............................................................................................................................................... 661

Building, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Application Using Ant ............... 662

Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 663

Creating Deployment Descriptors for Message-Driven Beans ................................................... 663

Part V Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................665

24 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 667

Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 667

Contents

Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 667

Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 668

Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 670

Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 671

Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 672

Entity Inheritance ...................................................................................................................... 673

Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 677

The Persistence Context ............................................................................................................ 677

The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 678

Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 682

25 Persistence in the Web Tier ..............................................................................................................685

Accessing Databases from Web Applications ................................................................................ 685

Dening the Persistence Unit ................................................................................................... 686

Creating an Entity Class ............................................................................................................ 687

Obtaining Access to an Entity Manager .................................................................................. 688

Accessing Data from the Database ........................................................................................... 690

Updating Data in the Database ................................................................................................ 690

26 Persistence in the EJB Tier ................................................................................................................693

The order Application ...................................................................................................................... 693

Entity Relationships in the order Application ....................................................................... 693

Primary Keys in the order Application ................................................................................... 695

Entity Mapped to More Than One Database Table ............................................................... 699

Cascade Operations in the order Application ....................................................................... 699

BLOB and CLOB Database Types in the order Application ................................................ 700

Temporal Types in the order Application .............................................................................. 700

Managing the order Application’s Entities ............................................................................. 701

Building and Running the order Application ........................................................................ 703

The roster Application .................................................................................................................... 707

Relationships in the roster Application ................................................................................. 707

Entity Inheritance in the roster Application ......................................................................... 708

Automatic Table Generation in the roster Application ...................................................... 709

Building and Running the roster Application ...................................................................... 710

Contents

The Java EE 5 Tutorial • September 2010 (originally published 2007)20

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