实战提升：C++ Boost.Asio网络编程教程

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"《Boost.Asio C++网络编程》是一本由John Torjo编著的专业书籍，专为提升C++网络编程技能提供实践案例。该书是针对Boost.Asio库的深入指南，Boost.Asio是一款强大的C++库，用于编写高效的异步网络应用程序，支持多种协议（如TCP、UDP、HTTP等）和并发处理。本书旨在帮助读者理解并掌握Boost.Asio的核心概念，包括事件驱动编程模型、异步IO操作、连接管理以及错误处理等关键知识点。通过阅读这本书，你将学习如何在C++环境中利用Boost.Asio进行高效网络编程，例如如何创建服务器和客户端，实现数据传输，以及如何处理多路复用和并发连接。书中提供的实例涵盖了一系列实际应用场景，例如网络服务端的实时通信、WebSocket服务器开发、网络监控工具的构建等，这些都是现代软件开发中不可或缺的技术。尽管作者和Packt Publishing已尽力确保信息的准确性，但书中内容并非保证无误，且所有版权需按照Packt Publishing的规定执行，未经许可不得复制或传播。此外，由于技术发展和更新，部分商标信息可能存在误差，读者应自行核实。如果你是一名C++开发者，想要深入理解和应用Boost.Asio库进行网络编程，或者对高性能网络程序设计有兴趣，那么《Boost.Asio C++网络编程》是一本值得投资的参考资料。通过实践和理解书中的内容，你将在C++网络编程领域迈出坚实的一步。"

Getting Started with

Boost.Asio

First, lets delve into what Boost.Asio is, how to build it, and a few examples

along the way. Boost.Asio is more than a networking library as you're about to

nd out. You'll also discover the most important class that sits at the heart of

Boost.Asio – io_service.

What is Boost.Asio?

In short, Boost.Asio is a cross-platform C++ library mainly for networking and

some other low-level input/output programming.

There have been many implementations that have tackled networking, but Boost.

Asio has by far surpassed them all; it was admitted into Boost in 2005, and has since

been tested extensively by Boost users and used in many projects, such as Remobo

(http://www.remobo.com) that allows you to create your own Instant Private

Network (IPN), libtorrent (http://www.rasterbar.com/products/libtorrent),

which is a library that implements a Bittorrent client, and PokerTH (http://www.

pokerth.net), which is a poker game that supports LAN and Internet games.

Boost.Asio has successfully abstracted the concepts of input and output that work

not just for networking but for COM serial ports, les, and so on. On top of these,

you can do input or output programming synchronously or asynchronously:

read(stream, buffer [, extra options])

async_read(stream, buffer [, extra options], handler)

write(stream, buffer [, extra options])

async_write(stream, buffer [, extra options], handler)

Getting Started with Boost.Asio

[ 8 ]

Important macros

Use BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_THREADS if set; it disables threading support in Boost.

Asio, regardless of whether Boost was compiled with threading support.

Synchronous versus asynchronous

First off, asynchronous programming is extremely different than synchronous

programming. In synchronous programming, you do the operations in sequential

order, such as read (request) from socket S, then write (answer) to socket. Each

operation is blocking. Since operations are blocking, in order not to interrupt the

main program while you're reading from or writing to a socket, you'll usually

create one or more threads that deal with socket's input/output. Thus, synchronous

servers/clients are usually multi-threaded.

In contrast, asynchronous programming is event-driven. You start an operation,

but you don't know when it will end; you supply a callback, which the API will

call when the operation ends, together with the operation result. To programmers

that have extensive experience with QT, Nokia's cross-platform library for creating

graphical user interface applications, this is second nature. Thus, in asynchronous

programming, you don't necessary need more than one thread.

You should decide early on in your project (preferably at the start) whether you go

synchronous or asynchronous with networking, as switching midway will be very

difcult and error-prone; not only will the API differ substantially, the semantic of

your program will change completely (asynchronous networking is usually harder

to test and debug than synchronous networking). You'll want to think of either going

for blocking calls and multi-threading (synchronous, usually simpler) or less-threads

and events (asynchronous, usually more complex).

Here's a basic example of a synchronous client:

using boost::asio;

io_service service;

ip::tcp::endpoint ep( ip::address::from_string("127.0.0.1"), 2001);

ip::tcp::socket sock(service);

sock.connect(ep);

First, your program needs at least an io_service instance. Boost.Asio uses

io_service to talk to the operating system's input/output services. Usually one

instance of an io_service will be enough. Next, create the address and port you

want to connect to. Create the socket. Connect the socket to your address and port:

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