Boost.Asio网络编程指南：打造高效服务器

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"Boost.Asio是Christopher Kohlhoff创建的一个跨平台C++库，用于网络和低级别I/O编程，提供了一种使用现代C++方法的一致异步模型。该库在多个平台上支持高效率、高并发和稳定的服务器开发。" Boost.Asio的主要特点和功能： 1. **跨平台兼容性**：Boost.Asio可以在多种操作系统上运行，包括Windows、Linux、Mac OS X等，这得益于其对POSIX和WinAPI的良好封装。 2. **异步编程模型**：它提供了一个现代C++的异步编程框架，允许开发者编写非阻塞代码，提高程序的并发性能和响应性，从而实现高效的网络服务。 3. **核心概念与功能**：包括了基本的网络通信组件，如套接字（Socket）、I/O对象、定时器、信号处理等。同时，它还支持TCP、UDP、UNIX域套接字等多种协议。 4. **基本架构**：Boost.Asio的核心设计包括了服务（Service）和执行器（Executor）的概念，它们负责管理和调度异步操作。 5. **Proactor设计模式**：这是一种并发处理模型，无需显式线程管理，而是通过事件驱动的方式处理I/O事件，降低了并发编程的复杂性。 6. **教程与示例**：对于初学者，Boost.Asio提供了逐步引导的教程，介绍如何使用基本概念开发客户端和服务器程序。同时，还包含多个示例程序，帮助开发者理解在更复杂场景下的应用。 7. **详尽的参考文档**：提供了详细的类和函数参考，方便开发者查找和学习API的具体用法。 8. **索引**：如同书籍一样的文本索引，使查找Boost.Asio文档中的特定内容变得容易。通过这些功能，Boost.Asio使得网络编程变得更加简洁、高效，适合构建高性能的网络应用程序。无论你是新手还是经验丰富的开发者，都可以从Boost.Asio的强大功能中受益。为了充分利用这个库，建议深入阅读其文档，了解基本概念，并通过实际编程练习来提升对异步编程的理解。

void* asio_handler_allocate(size_t, ...);

void asio_handler_deallocate(void*, size_t, ...);

which are implemented in terms of ::operator new() and ::operator delete() respectively.

The implementation guarantees that the deallocation will occur before the associated handler is invoked, which means the memory

is ready to be reused for any new asynchronous operations started by the handler.

The custom memory allocation functions may be called from any user-created thread that is calling a library function. The imple-

mentation guarantees that, for the asynchronous operations included the library, the implementation will not make concurrent calls

to the memory allocation functions for that handler. The implementation will insert appropriate memory barriers to ensure correct

memory visibility should allocation functions need to be called from different threads.

Custom memory allocation support is currently implemented for all asynchronous operations with the following exceptions:

• ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve() on all platforms.

• basic_socket::async_connect() on Windows.

• Any operation involving null_buffers() on Windows, other than an asynchronous read performed on a stream-oriented

socket.

See Also

asio_handler_allocate, asio_handler_deallocate, custom memory allocation example.

Networking

• TCP, UDP and ICMP

• Socket Iostreams

• The BSD Socket API and Boost.Asio

TCP, UDP and ICMP

Boost.Asio provides off-the-shelf support for the internet protocols TCP, UDP and ICMP.

TCP Clients

Hostname resolution is performed using a resolver, where host and service names are looked up and converted into one or more en-

dpoints:

ip::tcp::resolver resolver(my_io_service);

ip::tcp::resolver::query query("www.boost.org", "http");

ip::tcp::resolver::iterator iter = resolver.resolve(query);

ip::tcp::resolver::iterator end; // End marker.

while (iter != end)

{

ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint = *iter++;

std::cout << endpoint << std::endl;

}

The list of endpoints obtained above could contain both IPv4 and IPv6 endpoints, so a program may try each of them until it ﬁnds

one that works. This keeps the client program independent of a speciﬁc IP version.

When an endpoint is available, a socket can be created and connected:

Boost.Asio

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ip::tcp::socket socket(my_io_service);

socket.connect(endpoint);

Data may be read from or written to a connected TCP socket using the receive(), async_receive(), send() or async_send() member

functions. However, as these could result in short writes or reads, an application will typically use the following operations instead:

read(), async_read(), write() and async_write().

TCP Servers

A program uses an acceptor to accept incoming TCP connections:

ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(my_io_service, my_endpoint);

...

ip::tcp::socket socket(my_io_service);

acceptor.accept(socket);

After a socket has been successfully accepted, it may be read from or written to as illustrated for TCP clients above.

UDP

UDP hostname resolution is also performed using a resolver:

ip::udp::resolver resolver(my_io_service);

ip::udp::resolver::query query("localhost", "daytime");

ip::udp::resolver::iterator iter = resolver.resolve(query);

...

A UDP socket is typically bound to a local endpoint. The following code will create an IP version 4 UDP socket and bind it to the

"any" address on port 12345:

ip::udp::endpoint endpoint(ip::udp::v4(), 12345);

ip::udp::socket socket(my_io_service, endpoint);

Data may be read from or written to an unconnected UDP socket using the receive_from(), async_receive_from(), send_to() or

async_send_to() member functions. For a connected UDP socket, use the receive(), async_receive(), send() or async_send() member

functions.

ICMP

As with TCP and UDP, ICMP hostname resolution is performed using a resolver:

ip::icmp::resolver resolver(my_io_service);

ip::icmp::resolver::query query("localhost", "daytime");

ip::icmp::resolver::iterator iter = resolver.resolve(query);

...

An ICMP socket may be bound to a local endpoint. The following code will create an IP version 6 ICMP socket and bind it to the

"any" address:

ip::icmp::endpoint endpoint(ip::icmp::v6(), 0);

ip::icmp::socket socket(my_io_service, endpoint);

The port number is not used for ICMP.

Data may be read from or written to an unconnected ICMP socket using the receive_from(), async_receive_from(), send_to() or

async_send_to() member functions. For a connected ICMP socket, use the receive(), async_receive(), send() or async_send() member

functions.

Boost.Asio

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